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Design of Roofing

The document summarizes the design of a cinema roof. It includes calculations of loads on the roof from dead weight, live weight, and wind. Section properties and stresses are calculated for purlins, rafters, and sagrods to verify they meet strength and deflection requirements using A36 steel. Purlins are designed to span 4m using C150x12.2 sections. Rafters are designed to span 16.128m using S610x149 sections. Sagrods are designed with a minimum 10mm diameter.

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Eugene Episcope
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105 views

Design of Roofing

The document summarizes the design of a cinema roof. It includes calculations of loads on the roof from dead weight, live weight, and wind. Section properties and stresses are calculated for purlins, rafters, and sagrods to verify they meet strength and deflection requirements using A36 steel. Purlins are designed to span 4m using C150x12.2 sections. Rafters are designed to span 16.128m using S610x149 sections. Sagrods are designed with a minimum 10mm diameter.

Uploaded by

Eugene Episcope
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 10

Design of Roofing (Cinema)

Minimum of Live Load = 0.60 kPa


Dead Load
Roof Dead Load = 0.10 kPa
Weight of Purlins = 0.22 KN/m
Sagrods + Bracings = 0.05 kPa
Wind Load = 1.91 kPa

Computation of Wind Load


Wind Load = qGCp – qGCpi ; q = 47.3x10-6 kz(kzt)(KdV2)(Iw)
Where:
V = 220 kph
Kz = 2.01 (z/zg)2/a
Kzt = 1
Kd = 0.85
Iw = 1
GCpi = Enclosure Classification
= ±0,18
G = 0.85 (most commonly used)
Cp = Roof Pressure Coefficient = 0.70
Θ ˂ 10 and n+2h range

Design of Perlins
WDL = 0.10(1.01) + 0.22
= 0.32 KN/m
WLL = 0.60(1.01) = 0.61 KN/m
WWL = 1.01(1.01) = 1.93 KN/m
Using A-36 Steel:
Spacing of Rafters = 3.0 m.
Spacing of Purlins = 1.01m. on center

Wx = 1.93 + (0.32 + 0.61)cos(7.31)


= 2.85 KN/m

Wy = (0.32 + 0.61)sin(7.31)
= 0.12 KN/m

Mx = WxL2/8 = 2.85(3)2/8
= 3.21 KN.m

My = WyL2/32 = 0.12(3)2/32
= 0.034 KN.m

Assume Compact Section


fbx = 0.66Fy = 163.68 kPa
fby = 0.75fy = 186 kPa

Sx = Mx/ fbx = 3.21 x106/163.8 = 19.61 x103 mm3


Sy = My/ fby = 0.034 x106/186 = 207.72 mm3

Try C75X8.9
bf = 40.60 m Sx = 37.5x103 mm3
d = 76.20 m Sy = 5.52 x103 mm3
tf = 6.93 m M = 8.90 Kg/m
tw = 9.04 m A = 1140 mm2
bf/2tf = 43.7/2(7.52) = 2.91 ˂ 10.80
d/tw = 102/8.15 = 12.52 ˂ 106.48

Therefore, it is a compact section.

fbx = Mx/Sx = 3.21 x106/ 22.60 x103 = 142.04 MPa

fby = My/Sy = 0.034 x106/ 10.50 x103 = 3.24 MPa

142.04/163.68 + 3.24/186 = 0.89 ˂ 1 Safe!

Design of Rafter

Design considerations
fbx ≤ Fbx
fv ≤ Fv
δmax ≤ δallow

Try S610x149
Mass= 149 kg/m Sx = 3260 x103 mm3
d = 610 mm Sy = 215 x103 mm3
A = 18900 mm2
bf = 184 mm
tf = 22.1 mm
tw = 18.9 mm
I = 991 x106 mm4
Assume Simply Supported
L = 16.128 m
P = 8.55 KN @ every 1.008 m
W= 1.5 KN/m

Using Conjugate Beam Method

Vmax = 84.77 KN
Mmax = 324.55 KN.m
δmax = 8820.90 KN.m/EI

For Bending Stress

fbx = Mx/Sx = 324.55 x106/ 3260 x103


fbx = 99.56 MPa

bf/2tf = 184/2(22.1) = 4.16 ˂ 10.80


d/tw = 61018.9 = 32.28 ˂ 106.90

Therefore, it is a compact section. Use Fb = 0.66fy


Fb = 163.68 MPa > fbx, therefore safe!

For Shearing Stress

fv = V/d(tw) = 84.77/ 610(18.9) = 7.35 MPa

Fvallow = 0.40fy = 0.40(248) = 99.2 MPa > fv okay!

For Deflection
δmax = 8820.90 KN.m3/EI
E = 200,000 MPa
I = 999 x106 mm4

δmax = 8820.90 KN.m3/ 200,000 (999 x106)


= 44.15 mm

δallow = L/ 360 = 16128/360 = 44.8 mm

δmax ˂ δallow ; Safe!

Design of Sagrod

Tmax = 5/8 (WYL) x (no. of purlins – 1)


= 5/8 (0.12)(3)(16)
= 3.6 kN

Amax= Tmax/0.33Fu
= 3.6 (1000)/0.33(400)
= 27.27 mm2

A= π/4 (d2)
27.2 = π/4 (d2)
d = 5.89 m
Use Min. 10mm (diameter)
Design of Purlins (Bowling)

Basic Load
Roof dead load = 0.10 kPa
Weight of Purlins = 0.12 KM/m
Sagrods + Bracing = 0.05 kPa
Roof live loads = 0.60 kPa

Wind Load = 1.66 kPa


Sp = 2.04 m
WWL = 1.66 (2.04) = 3.39 KN/m
WDL = 0.10 (2.04) + 0.12 = 0.32 KN/m
WLL = 0.60 (2.04) = 1.22 KN/m

Wx = 3.39 + (0.32+1.22) cos(11.77) = 4.90 KN/m


Wy = (1.22+0.32) sin(11.77) = 0.31 KN/m

Mx = WxL2/8 = 4.90 (4)2/8 = 9.80 KN.m


My = WyL2/8 = 0.31(4)2/32 = 0.155 KN.m

Assume Compact Section

Fbx = 0.66Fy = 0.66 (248) = 163.68 MPa


Fby = 0.75Fy = 0.75 (248) = 186 MPa

Sx = Mx/ fbx = 9.80 x106/ 163.8 = 59.87 x103 mm3


Sy = My/ fby = 0.155 x106/ 186 = 833.33 mm3
Test for Compaction
bf/2tf = 48.8/ 2(8.71) = 2.80 ˂ 10.80
d/tw = 152/5.08 = 29.92 ˂ 106.68

Properties of C150x12.2
M = 12.2 kg/m Sx = 71.3 x103 mm3
d = 152 mm Sy = 8.0 x103 mm3
A = 1540 mm2
bf = 48.8 mm
tf = 8.71 mm
tw = 5.08 mm

fbx = Mx/Sx = 9.80 x106/ 71.3 x103 = 137.45 MPa


fby = My/Sy = 0.155 x106/ 8.0 x103 = 19.38 MPa

Check for Adequacy


fbx/ Fbx + fby/ Fby ≤ 1
137.45/ 163.68 + 19.38/ 186 = 0.999
0.94 ≈ 1; Safe!

Design of Sagrod

Tmax = 5/8 (WYL) x (no. of purlins – 1)


= 5/8 (0.31)(4)(6)
= 4.65 kN
Amax= Tmax/0.33Fu
= 4.65 (1000)/0.33(400)
= 35.23 mm2

A= π/4 (d2)
5.87 = π/4 (d2)
d = 6.70 mm
Use Min. 10mm (diameter)

Design of Purlins (Bowling)

Basic Load
Roof dead load = 0.10 kPa
Weight of Purlins = 0.12 KM/m
Sagrods + Bracing = 0.05 kPa
Roof live loads = 0.60 kPa

Wind Load = 1.66 kPa


Sp = 2.04 m
WWL = 1.66 (2.04) = 3.39 KN/m
WDL = 0.10 (2.04) + 0.12 = 0.32 KN/m
WLL = 0.60 (2.04) = 1.22 KN/m

Wx = 3.39 + (0.32+1.22) cos(11.31) = 4.90 KN/m


Wy = (1.22+0.32) sin(11.31) = 0.30 KN/m

Mx = WxL2/8 = 4.90 (4)2/8 = 9.80 KN.m


My = WyL2/8 = 0.30(4)2/32 = 0.150 KN.m
Assume Compact Section
Fbx = 0.66Fy = 0.66 (248) = 163.68 MPa
Fby = 0.75Fy = 0.75 (248) = 186 MPa

Sx = Mx/ fbx = 9.80 x106/ 163.8 = 59.87 x103 mm3


Sy = My/ fby = 0.150 x106/ 186 = 806.45 mm3

Test for Compaction


bf/2tf = 48.8/ 2(8.71) = 2.80 ˂ 10.80
d/tw = 152/5.08 = 29.92 ˂ 106.68

Properties of C150x12.2
M = 12.2 kg/m Sx = 71.3 x103 mm3
d = 152 mm Sy = 8.0 x103 mm3
A = 1540 mm2
bf = 48.8 mm
tf = 8.71 mm
tw = 5.08 mm

fbx = Mx/Sx = 9.80 x106/ 71.3 x103 = 137.45 MPa


fby = My/Sy = 0.150 x106/ 8.0 x103 = 18.75 MPa

Check for Adequacy


fbx/ Fbx + fby/ Fby ≤ 1
137.45/ 163.68 + 18.75/ 186 = 0.94
0.94 ≈ 1; Safe!
Design of Sagrod

Tmax = 5/8 (WYL) (no. of purlins – 1)


= 5/8 (0.30)(4)(10)
= 7.5 kN

Amax= Tmax/0.33Fu
= 7.5 (1000)/0.33(400)
= 56.82 mm2

A= π/4 (d2)
5.87 = π/4 (d2)
d = 8.51 mm
Use Min. 10mm (diameter)

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