EXPRESSIONS and

FORMULAE
WORKSHEETS

National 4
Mathematics Department – Biggar High School

Name:
EXPRESSIONS and FORMULAE
Applying algebraic skills to manipulating expressions and working with formulae
 Simplifying an expression which has more than one variable
 Using the distributive law in an expression with a numerical common factor to
produce a sum of terms
 Factorising a sum of terms with a numerical common factor
 Evaluating an expression or formulae which has more than one variable
 Extending a straightforward number or diagrammatic pattern and
determining its formula
 Calculating the gradient of a straight line from horizontal and vertical
distances
Applying geometric skills to circumference, area and volume
 Calculating the circumference of a circle
 Calculating the area of a circle
 Calculating the area of a parallelogram, kite and trapezium
 Investigating the surface of a prism
 Calculating the volume of a prism
 Using rotational symmetry
Applying statistical skills to representing and analysing data and to probability
 Constructing a frequency table with class intervals from raw data
 Determining mean, median, mode and range of a data set
 Interpreting calculated statistics to compare data
 Representing raw data in a pie chart
 Using probability
Applying algebraic skills to manipulating expressions and working with formula
Simplifying an expression which has more than one variable

1. Write each of the following in a shorter form:

(a) 3x + 2x (b) 4p + 2p + 6p (c) 8a  3

(d) 5m + 3m  2m (e) 3v + v (f) 4y + 6y  y

(g) 5a + 4a + 6 (h) 9f  4f + 6 (i) 8x + 3 + 2x

(j) 4c + 6 + 3 (k) 5m + 3 + 4m (l) 4y + 5 + 2y
(m) 8 + 3x – 4 (n) 7d + 6 – 3d (o) 5y + 6z + y
(p) 6a + 5b – 2a (q) 12 + 7x – 7 (r) 5g + 6h + 4g
(s) 5r + 8 – 2 (t) 6x + 3 + 3x (u) 8y – 4 + y

2. Write each of the following in a shorter form:

(a) 3x + 4x + 3y + 4y (b) 4a + 5b + 6c + 7c
(c) 4a + 3a + 4b + 2b (d) 2g + 4g + 3k + 2k
(e) 3m + 4m + 2p + 8p (f) 7q + 3q + 2r + 4r
(g) 3x + 2 – 8x (h) 2a + 4 – a + 4
(i) 7k – 3k – 4p – 2p (j) 9n – 4n + 3p – p
(k) 15t + 16b – 5t – 4b (l) 20r + 18r + 5r – 9s
(m) 24r + 17w – 16r – 2w (n) 6x + 3 – 3x – 5x

3. Simplify the following expressions:

(a) 0∙3x + 0∙2x (b) 1∙4p + 1∙2p + 1∙6p (c) 5∙4a  3a

(d) 2∙5m + 3∙3m  2∙7m (e) 3∙2v  2∙9v (f) 2∙4y + 6g  1∙1y
1 1 2 1 3 2
(g) a + a + 6a (h) f  f +6 (i) x+3+ x
2 2 3 3 5 5

3 1 5 7 2 2
(j) c + c + 3c (k) m+3+ m (l) y+5+ y
4 2 8 8 3 3

2 1 2 4 2 2 5 1
(m) 1 x+ x– x (n) 2 d + d – 2d (o) 3 y+ z+ y
3 2 3 7 7 3 6 3
Using the distributive law in an expression with a numerical common factor to
produce a sum of terms

1. Remove the brackets:

(a) 4(c + 2) (b) 2(e + 4) (c) 5(f + 6) (d) 3(t + 8)
(e) 7(g + 3) (f) 9(w + 1) (g) 6(h + 6) (h) 8(p + 2)
(i) 3(2 + y) (j) 7(1 + k) (k) 5(5 + z) (l) 3(2 + y)
(m) 9(1 + e) (n) 3(2 + w) (o) 8(12 + r) (p) 10(7 + m)

2. Multiply out the brackets:

(a) 2(x + 5) (b) 5(y + 7) (c) 3(a + 6) (d) 6(x + 4)
(e) 4(x + 9) (f) 3(c + 8) (g) 7(d + 3) (h) 5(m + 5)
(i) 2(y + 14) (j) 6(a + 3) (k) 8(q + 5) (l) 7(a + 7)
(m) 9(b + 2) (n) 4(x + 8) (o) 5(p + 10) (p) 3(w + 11)

3. Multiply out the brackets:

(a) 2(a  7) (b) 3(x  5) (c) 6(q  3) (d) 4(y  4)

(e) 5(b  4) (f) 4(p  7) (g) 8(y  2) (h) 3(w  7)

(i) 8(c  4) (j) 7(d  6) (k) 5(s  8) (i) 2(x  15)

(m) 10(w  2) (n) 5(c  5) (o) 3(a  10) (p) 7(q  5)

4. Multiply out the brackets:

(a) 3(x  5) (b) 5(y + 7) (c) 8(a + 6) (d) 6(3 + t)

(e) 6(x + 9) (f) 9(3  y) (g) 7(b  4) (h) 4(5 + p)
(i) 2(b + c) (j) 8(x  y) (k) 5(q  r) (l) 3(a + x)

(m) 5(b  c) (n) 3(x  z) (o) 6(a  m) (p) 10(p  q)

5. Expand the brackets:
(a) 4(2a + 5) (b) 7(3y + 4) (c) 2(12x + 11) (d) 9(4c + 7)
(e) 2(3a + 4) (f) 5(2x + 7) (g) 10(3 + 2y) (h) 3(5t + 6)
(i) 3(2x + 9) (j) 2(7 + 5y) (k) 4(3b + 8) (l) 5(5x + 4)

6. Expand the brackets:

(a) 2(4a  3) (b) 6(4y  3) (c) 3(2x  5) (d) 4(5c  6)

(e) 7(2a  1) (f) 2(8x  3) (g) 5(6  7y) (h) 3(8t  5)

(i) 3(9x  4) (j) 8(7  5y) (k) 7(2b  9) (i) 2(12x  7)

7. Remove the brackets:

(a) 5(2c + 5) (b) 2(2e + 4) (c) 6(4f  6) (d) 3(2t + 8)

(e) 2(8g  2) (f) 6(4w + 1) (g) 7(5h  6) (h) 8(3p  2)

(i) 3(3  2y) (j) 7(1 + 9k) (k) 5(5  10z) (l) 4(6  7u)

(m) 9(1 + 3e) (n) 3(2  6w) (o) 3(12 + 2r) (p) 4(7 + 5m)

8. Remove the brackets and simplify where possible:

(a) 3(c + 2) + 7 (b) 2(e + 4)  7 (c) 6(f + 4)  7f

(d) 4(t + 8)  7 (e) 7(g – 3) + 5g (f) 8(w – 1) – 3w

(g) 6(h + 2) + 9 (h) 9(p + 3) + 5p (i) 3(2 + f) – 4
(j) 4(7 – u) – 15 (k) 5(5 + p) – 2p (l) 4(7 – u) – 15
(m) 6(1 + e) + e (n) 3(6 + w) + w (o) 8(11 + q) – 4q
(p) 6(3g + 2) + 7 (q) 2(2e + 4) – 3 (r) 7(4c + 5) – 20c
(s) 3(2t + 8) – t (t) 3(8f + 3) – 4 (u) 3(4a + 1) – 4
(v) 5(2 + 2t) + 3t (w) 4(1 + 9u) + 2u (x) (6 + 5x) – x
(y) 3(10 + 2d) – 5d (z) 5(4 + 7u) – 28
9. Expand and simplify:
(a) 2a + 3(a + 5) (b) 3x + 2(x + 3) (c) 4b + 8(b + 2)
(d) 5h + 4(2h + 1) (e) 11x + 5(3x + 4) (f) 10c + 3(2c + 1)
(g) 2(4t + 3) + 10t (h) 3(5p + 4) + 7p (i) 7(1 + 3c) + 10

10. Expand and simplify:

(a) 3(3a  1) + 2a (b) 2(5x + 3)  3x (c) 8(b + 2)  9

(d) 4(2h  1) + 7 (e) 5(3  4x) + 11x (f) 3(2c + 1)  8

(g) 2(4t + 3)  10t (h) 8(2p + 3)  3p (i) 7(1  3c) + 10

(j) 3 + 2(2x + 5) (k) 7a + 3(2a  3) (l) 5 + 2(2x  7)

(m) 6 + 5(3y  2) (n) 9b + 2(4b 1) (o) 8 + 3(5x + 7)

(p) 12x + 4(4x  5) (q) 3c + 5(1  2c) (r) 7 + 2(5a  12)

Simplifying an expression which has more than one variable

EXAM QUESTIONS
1. Multiply out the brackets and simplify
9 – 2(3x – 4)
2. Multiply brackets and simplify
5 – (2x – 3) + 5x
3. Multiply brackets and simplify
5 + 2(3g – 4) – 7g
4. Multiply out the brackets and collect like terms
17  4(3 p  2)  3 p

5. Multiply out the brackets and collect like terms

8  3(2  3k )

6. Multiply out the brackets and simplify:

9d  5(4  3d )
Factorising a sum of terms with a numerical common factor
1. Copy and complete each of the following:
(a) 2x + 6 = 2(x + ) (b) 5a + 20 = 5(a + )

(c) 4m – 24 = 4(  ) (d) 3f – 6 = 3(  )
(e) 5x + 5y = 5( + ) (f) 6p – 12q = 6(  )
(g) 3d – 12e = 3(  ) (h) 14 + 7k = 7( + )

(i) 35 – 42b = 7(  ) (j) 24a + 36b = 12( + )

2. Factorise:
(a) 2x + 2y (b) 3c + 3d (c) 6s + 6t (d) 12x + 12y
(e) 9a + 9b (f) 8b + 8c (g) 5p + 5q (h) 7g + 7h
(i) 4m + 4n (j) 9e + 9f (k) 13j + 13k (l) 14v + 14w

3. Factorise:
(a) 2x + 8 (b) 3m + 12 (c) 4y – 4
(d) 5p + 5 (e) 8w – 16 (f) 7u + 21
(g) 10z – 20 (h) 6h + 24 (i) 2d – 12
(j) 5r + 5s (k) 3k – 3l (l) 7w + 7x
(m) 4u + 8v (n) 6r – 18s (o) 2e + 20f

4. Factorise:
(a) 4x + 10 (b) 6g – 15 (c) 4f + 2
(d) 8y – 4 (e) 12e + 8 (f) 6m + 21
(g) 10a – 6 (h) 9h + 12 (i) 6r – 14
(j) 10r + 5s (k) 12k – 3l (l) 7w + 21x
(m) 4q + 8 (n) 6 + 18g (o) 12m – 9
5. Factorise:
(a) 2x + 4 (b) 3d + 9 (c) 6s + 3 (d) 12x + 4
(e) 6 + 9a (f) 2b + 8 (g) 5y + 10 (h) 10 + 15c
(i) 12x + 16 (j) 18m + 24 (k) 30 + 36a (l) 14y + 21

6. Factorise:

(a) 3x  6 (b) 4y  8 (c) 16  8a (d) 10c  15

(e) 9s  12 (f) 2b  14 (g) 12x  100 (h) 22m  33

(i) 15x  10 (j) 18  12y (k) 25b  20 (l) 18d  30

7. Factorise:

(a) 2a + 4b (b) 10x  12y (c) 18m + 24n (d) 10c + 15d

(e) 6a  9x (f) 18s  12t (g) 12x + 15y (h) 14a  7b

(i) 25c + 10d (j) 9b  15y (k) 18x + 24y (l) 6a + 28b

Factorising a sum of terms with a numerical common factor

EXAM QUESTIONS
1. Factorise 35x + 56y
2. Factorise 36 + 42x
3. Factorise 30 – 6t
4. Factorise 15  25m

5. Factorise 24t  32
Evaluating an expression or formulae which has more than one variable

1. If x = 10 and y = 4, calculate

(a) x+y (b) xy (c) 2x (d) xy

(e) 5y (f) x+7 (g) x3 (h) y + 15

2. If a = 8, b = 5 and c = 2, calculate

(a) a+b (b) ab (c) b+c (d) a + 10

(e) ac (f) 3a  6 (g) 2a + 3c (h) 8c  3b

(i) a+b+c (j) a+cb (k) abc (l) 2a + 3b + 4c

3. If p = 3, q = 4 and r = 2, calculate

(a) p+q (b) qp (c) 2q + r (d) pq + 10

(e) pr + q (f) 2p + 3r (g) 3q  4p (h) pq  pr

(i) 3p + 2q + 4r (j) p + 2q  5r (k) 20p 10q (l) 100r  50p

4. Given that a = b + d, find a when

(a) b = 7 and d = 9 (b) b =14 and d = 15 (c) b = 18 and d = 5
(d) b = 33 and d = 12 (e) b = 24 and d = 17 (f) b = 190 and d = 40
(g) b = 51 and d = 16 (h) b = 68 and d = 28 (i) b = 121 and d = 38

5. Given that X = 3Y  Z, find X when

(a) Y = 4 and Z = 5 (b) Y =10 and Z = 15 (c) Y = 20 and Z = 10
(d) Y = 12 and Z = 8 (e) Y = 15 and Z = 5 (f) Y = 100 and Z = 80
(g) Y = 50 and Z = 23 (h) Y = 17 and Z = 4 (i) Y = 11 and Z = 32
6. (a) If p = r  q, find p when r = 42 and q = 17

(b) If y = 4x  9, find y when x = 7

(c) If A = 7B + C, find A when B = 9 and C = 8

(d) If R = S + 5T, find R when S = 22 and T = 6

(e) If H = G  2F, find H when G = 50 and F = 15

(f) If k = 2m + 3n, find k when m = 12 and n = 3

(g) If c = 4d  5e, find c when d = 11 and e = 8

(h) If P = 2Q + 10R, find P when Q = 10 and R = 2

(i) If g = 5e  2f, find g when e = 7 and f = 17

(j) If M = 9C + 8D, find M when C = 8 and D = 7

7. The formula for distance is D = S  T, where D is the distance in kilometres, S is the

speed in km/h and T is the time in hours. Find D when
(a) S = 30 km/h and T = 2 h (b) S = 50 km/h and T = 3 h
(c) S = 60 km/h and T = 5 h (d) S = 80 km/h and T = 4 h
(e) S = 55 km/h and T = 3 h (f) S = 70 km/h and T = 3½ h
(g) S = 68 km/h and T = 2½ h (h) S = 54 km/h and T = 4½ h

8. The formula V = IR is used in electrical calculations. Use the formula to find V when
(a) I = 18 and R = 5 (b) I = 5 and R = 20 (c) I = 2∙6 and R = 4∙5
(d) I = 4∙1 and R = 10 (e) I = 3∙5 and R = 12 (f) I = 7 and R = 9∙2
9. The formula F = 1∙8C + 32 is used to change a temperature from degrees Celsius (oC)
to degrees Fahrenheit (oF). Change the following Celsius temperatures to Fahrenheit.

(a) 15oC (b) 35oC (c) 10oC

(d) 20oC (e) 33oC (f) 5oC
(g) 40oC (h) 22oC

10. The area of a triangle is given by the formula A = ½bh. Find the areas of the following
triangles :
(a) b = 10cm h = 8cm (b) b = 50mm h = 90mm
(c) b = 12cm h = 15cm (d) b = 140m h = 60m
(e) b = 18mm h = 100mm (f) b = 27cm h = 35cm
(g) b = 16·4m h = 12·2m (h) b = 2240mm h = 1560mm

11. The scale on a map is 1: 20000. The formula to change a distance d centimetres on the
map to the real distance D metres is

20000 d
D=
100
Change these map distances to real distances :
(a) 4cm (b) 5cm (c) 3∙5cm
(d) 7∙2cm (e) 0∙7cm (f) 0∙96cm
(g) 1∙04cm (h) 12∙57cm

360 o
12. In a regular polygon with n sides, the size of an exterior angle is .
n

Find the size of the exterior angle in a polygon with

(a) 5 sides (b) 9 sides (c) 12 sides (d) 8 sides
(e) 18 sides (f) 10 sides (g) 30 sides (h) 25 sides

13. A formula is given as E = p² + 2. Find the value of E when

(a) p = 2 (b) p = 3 (c) p = 6 (d) p = 1
14. A formula is given as T = e² + 6. Find the value of T when
(a) e = 3 (b) e = 4 (c) e = 8 (d) e = 2

15. A formula is given as Q = 36  r². Find the value of Q when

(a) r = 3 (b) r = 4 (c) r = 6 (d) r = 1

16. A formula is given as G = 45  h². Find the value of G when

(a) h = 4 (b) h = 6 (c) h = 2 (d) h = 7

17. A formula is given as T = 2(s)² + 4. Find the value of T when

(a) s = 3 (b) s = 5 (c) s = 10 (d) s = 1

18. A formula is given as W = 25 + 3(x)². Find the value of W when

(a) x = 2 (b) x = 6 (c) x = 8 (d) x = 7

19. A formula is given as L = 2p²  6. Find the value of L when

(a) p = 2 (b) p = 3 (c) p = 5 (d) p = 10 .

20. A formula is given as H = t² + 2t + 1. Find the value of H when

(a) t = 2 (b) t = 4 (c) t = 3 (d) t = 10 .

21. A formula is given as T = k² + 3k  6. Find the value of T when

(a) k = 3 (b) k = 6 (c) k = 2 (d) k = 12

22. A formula is given as E = 3p + q.

Find the value of E when (a) p = 4 and q = 2 (b) p = 6 and q = 3
(c) p = 5 and q = 1 (d) p = 3 and q =  6
23. A formula is given as T = 2d  3e.
Find the value of T when (a) d = 5 and e = 2 (b) d = 6 and e = 3
(c) d = 8 and e = 5 (d) d = 12 and e = 8

24. A formula is given as F = 7r  2s.

Find the value of F when (a) r = 2 and s = 5 (b) r = 3 and s = 10
(c) r = 4 and s = 4 (d) r = 6 and s = 20

25. A formula is given as V = u + at.

Find the value of V when (a) u = 3, a = 2 and t = 4
(b) u = 6, a = 3 and t = 7
(c) u = 2, a = 8 and t = 10

26. A formula is given as C = 20 + 4pt.

Find the value of C when (a) p = 4 and t = 3
(b) p = 5 and t = 2
(c) p = 8 and t = 0∙5

27. A formula is given as W = ab  3c.

Find the value of W when (a) a = 4, b = 6 and c = 4
(b) a = 5, b = 2 and c = 3
(c) a = 6, b = 4 and c = 8

28. A formula is given as A = 2lh + 2lb + 2bh.

Find the value of A when (a) l = 6, b = 3 and h = 2
(b) l = 5, b = 4 and h = 6
(b) l = 8, b = 7 and h = 4
Evaluating an expression or formulae which has more than one variable
EXAM QUESTIONS
1. Find the value of 3a  2b when a = 4 and b = 2.

10 P
2. Evaluate the formula W when P = 256 and d = 04.
4d

3. The force, F, needed to stop a train traveling at a speed, v m/s, within a

stopping distance, s m, is given by the formula:

120 v 2
F
s
Find the force that would stop a train travelling at 24 m/s in 400 m.

4. A formulae used in Electricity is

P
I
R
where I is the current, P is the power and R is the resistance in a circuit.
Find the current (I) when there is a power of 100 and a resistance of 12.

l
5. The period of the swing of a pendulum is given as T  2 .
g

Calculate T when l = 75 and g = 10. [π = 3∙14]

6. The formula for finding the radius of a circle when the area is known is

A
R

Taking π = 3∙14, find R when A = 1256.
7. The formula for finding the length of side a in this diagram is
a = √(c² – b²)
b

Calculate the length of side a when

a c b = 5 and c = 13.

1
8. The formula for calculating the volume of a cone is V  r 2 h where r is the radius and h
3
is the height of the cone. [π = 3∙14]
Use the formula to calculate the volume of a cone with diameter 18cm and height
35cm, giving your answer to the nearest 10 cm3.

E
9. Using the formula m calculate m when E = 8, g = 10 and h = 40.
gh
Extending a straightforward number pattern

1. Find the next three terms in each of these number patterns:

(a) 1, 3, 5, 7, 9........................ (b) 3, 6, 9, 12 ......................
(c) 10, 16, 22, 28.................... (d) 100, 96, 92, 88 ..............
(e) 1, 5, 9, 13, ........................ (f) 30, 25, 20, .....................

2. Find the next two terms in each of these number patterns:

(a) 1, 2, 4, 8, 16 .................... . (b) 243, 81, 27, ...................
(c) 1, 2, 4, 7, 11 .................... (d) 20, 19, 17, 14..................
(e) 2, 4, 8, 14, 22 .................. (f) 400, 200, 100 .................

3. Find the next three terms in each of these patterns:

(a) 1, 4, 9, 16 ....................... What special numbers are these?
(b) 1, 3, 6, 10 ...................... What special numbers are these?
(c) 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8................. What is the special name given to this
sequence?

4. Find the next two terms in each of these patterns:

(a) 1, 2, 6, 24 ....................... (b) 32, 24, 16 ......................
(c) 15, 10, 5, 0 .................... (d) 16, 8, 4, 2........................
(e) 30, 20, 11, 3 ................... (f) 2, 8, 18, 32......................
Extending a straightforward number or diagrammatic pattern and determining its
formula.
One step patterns

1.

1 bunch 2 bunches 3 bunches

4 bananas 8 bananas 12 bananas

(a) Copy this table and complete it using the information above.
Number of
1 2 3 4 5 6
bunches
Number of
bananas

(b) For every extra bunch of bananas, how many bananas are added?

(c) Write down a formula (rule) for finding the total number of bananas (N) if you
know the number of bunches (B) :-
Number of bananas = × number of bunches

(d) Write this rule in symbols.

(e) How many bunches of bananas would I have if I had 48 bananas altogether?
2.

1 spider 2 spiders 2 spiders

8 legs 16 legs 24 legs

(a) Copy this table and complete it using the information above:
Number of
1 2 3 4 5 6
spiders
Number of
legs

(b) For every extra spider, how many legs are added?
(c) Write down a formula (rule) for finding the total number of legs (L) if we know the
number of spiders (S) :-
Number of legs = × number of spiders
(d) Write this formula in symbols.
(e) How many spiders would there be if there were 80 legs?
3.

1 handful 2 handfuls 3 handfuls

6 sweets 12 sweets 18 sweets

(a) Copy this table and complete it using the information above.
Number of
1 2 3 4 5 6
handfuls
Number of
sweets

(b) For every extra handful, how many sweets are added?
(c) Write down a formula for finding the total number of sweets (S) if we know the
number of handfuls (H) :-
Number of jelly beans = × number of handfuls
(d) Write this formula in symbols.
(e) How many handfuls would there be if there were 42 sweets?
4. This shape is called a pentagon. It has 5 sides.

1 pentagon 2 pentagons 3 pentagons

5 sides 10 sides 15sides

(a) Copy and complete this table from the diagrams above.
Number of
1 2 3 4 5 6
pentagons
Number of
sides

(b) Complete: the number of sides = × number of pentagons

(c) How many sides would there be on 16 pentagons?
(d) How many pentagons could be formed from 100 sides?

5.

1 star 2 stars 3 stars

16 points 32 points 48 points

(a) Complete: the number of points = × number of stars

(b) How many points would there be for 10 stars?
(c) How many stars could be formed from 128 points?
Extending a straightforward number or diagrammatic pattern and determining its
formula.
Two step patterns
1. The squares in the diagram represent tables and the dots represent people sitting at them.

(a) Draw diagrams to show the number of people who could sit at 4 tables and 5 tables.
(b) Copy and complete this table for the number of tables and the number of people.
Number of
1 2 3 4 5 10 14
tables
Number of
people

(c) Write down a rule in words for the finding the number of people if you know how
many tables there are.
(d) Write the formula in symbols using T for the number of tables and P for the number
of people.
(d) Use your formula to find how many people would be able to sit at 20 tables.
(e) There are 44 people at a gathering. How many tables would be needed to seat
them?
2. Mr Wright wants to build a fence round his garden and draws some diagrams so that he
can work out how many posts and how many link pieces he will need.

post

link

(a) Draw diagrams with 5 and 6 posts.

(b) Copy and complete this table to show the number of posts and the number of links
required for different lengths of fencing.
Number
1 2 3 4 5 20 25
of posts
Number
of links

(c) Write down a rule in words for the finding the number of links needed if you know
how many posts there are.
(d) Write the formula in symbols using L for the number of links and P for the number
of posts.
(e) Use your formula to find how many links would be needed for 50 posts.
(f) Mr Wright has 100 links. How many posts would he need to use them all up?
3. Plain and patterned tiles are laid in a strip.

(a) Draw the next two patterns of tiles.

(b) How many plain tiles would there be in a strip with 7 patterned tiles?
(c) If there are 9 patterned tiles, how many plain tiles will these be?
(d) Copy and complete the following table:
Number of
4 5 6 7 8 9 10 20
patterned tiles
Number of
plain tiles

(e) Write down a formula for finding the number of plain tiles (P) when you know the
number of patterned tiles (R).
(f) If there are 152 plain tiles, how many patterned tiles would there be?

4. (a) Complete the table below for this tile pattern made from coloured and white tiles.

Number of
1 2 3 4 10 20 50
coloured tiles
Number of
white tiles

(b) Write down a formula for finding the number of white tiles (W) when you know the
number of coloured tiles (C).
(c) If there are 86 white tiles, how many coloured tiles would there be?
5. For their barbeque Mr and Mrs Goldie allowed 3 burgers for each person attending and an
extra 10 to be on the safe side.
(a) Complete this table for the numbers of burgers they would need:

Number of
1 2 3 4 5 6
people
Number of
burgers

(b) Find a formula for the number of burgers needed when you know the number of
people.
(c) Use your formula to find out how many burgers would be needed for 18 people.
(d) If you have 100 burgers how many people could you invite to the barbeque?

6. These patterns are made up from a number of rhombuses.

(a) Complete the table to show the number of rhombuses used in each.
Pattern
1 2 3 4 5 6
number
Number of
rhombuses

(b) How many rhombuses would be needed for the 10th pattern?
(c) How many rhombuses would be in the 24th pattern?
(d) Write down a rule for finding the number of rhombuses (R) in any pattern
number (P).
(e) What pattern number would have 34 rhombuses in it?
(f) What pattern number would have 46 rhombuses in it?
7. (i) Find a formula for each of the following.
(a)
P 1 2 3 4 5 6 12

Q 3 6 9 12 15 18 48 90

(b)
M 1 2 3 4 5 6 11

N 3 5 7 9 11 13 33 57

(c)
R 1 2 3 4 5 6 14

T 2 5 8 11 14 17 26 47

(d)
D 5 6 7 8 9 10 20

K 4 5 6 7 8 9 31 68

(e)
V 2 3 4 5 6 7 15

A 3 6 9 12 15 18 57 72

(ii) Use your formulae to complete the missing entries in the tables.
Number patterns
EXAM QUESTIONS
1. A plumber uses this table to calculate the charges for carrying out work. He charges a call
out charge plus a charge for every hour the work takes.
(a) Complete the table:

Number of hours
2 3 4 5 10
worked (n)

Cost (£C) 49 61 73

(b) Find a formula for calculating the cost when you know the number of hours a piece
of work will take.
2. Art students at college were asked to design a bracelet.
Julie made up this design from bars and chains.

chain
bar
(a) Complete this table for the above pattern.

Number of bars (b) 2 3 4 8

Number of chains
(c)

(b) Write down a formula for calculating the number of chains (c) when you know the
number of bars (b).
(c) Julie has 57 pieces of chain. How many bars will she need if she wants to use all the
pieces of chain?
3.
The ‘Shoe Tidy’ shown opposite is made up from wall
brackets and pouches.

pouch

wall bracket

(a) Complete the table above.

Number of wall brackets

2 3 4 5 12
( w)

Number of pouches (p) 4 8

(b)
Write down a formula for calculating the number of pouches (p) when you
know the number of wall brackets (w).
(c) How many wall brackets would be needed if 76 pouches are required?
4. Milly bought a new top which has some coloured glass diamonds and beads round the
neck. Here is how the pattern is built up.

Pattern 1 Pattern 2 Pattern 3

1 Diamond 2 Diamonds 3 Diamonds
5 Beads 8 Beads 11 Beads

(a) Complete the table for the number of diamonds and number of beads in other
patterns.

Number of Diamonds (N) 1 2 3 4 5 10

Number of Beads (B) 5 8 11

(b) Write down the formula for finding the number of beads needed for any number of
diamonds.
5. A company makes bridge sides to any length. Each side is made
up of triangular and rectangular sections.
Each rectangular section is 2 metres long.
The diagram below shows a single bridge side with four rectangular base plates.

2m

(a) Complete the table below for different lengths of single bridge side.

Number of rectangles (r) 2 3 4 5 6 12

Number of triangles (T) 7

(b) Write down a formula for calculating the number of triangles (T), when you know
the number of rectangles (r) for a single bridge side.
(c) A bridge with two sides has a total of 78 triangular sections.
What is the total length of this bridge?
Calculating the gradient of a straight line from horizontal and vertical distances

1. Calculate the gradient of each ladder below:

(a) (b)
2m (c)
3m
8m
4m
10m

(d) 2m

(e) (f)

8m
12m
6m
8m

8m
2m
2. Calculate the gradient of each line below, leaving your answer as a fraction in its simplest
form where necessary.

(b)
(a) (c)

(d)
(e) (f)

(g) (h) (j)

(i)
3. Find the gradients of the lines shown in each of the diagrams below

h
c
a g
b

k l

e
m
d
f
n

4. Find the gradients of the lines below

a y y
b
4 4
d
2 c 2

4 2 O 2 4 x 4 2 O 2 4 x

2 2

4 4
e

f
5. Write down the gradient of the lines drawn in the diagrams below.

y y
(a) (b)

x O x
O

y y
(c) (d)

x O x
O

y y
(e) (f)

x O x
O
Calculating the gradient of a straight line from horizontal and vertical distances
EXAM QUESTIONS
1. (a) Copy the grid shown below plot the points A(– 1, 0) and B(3, – 3).

y
4

–4 0 4 x

–4

(b) Find the gradient of the line AB

2. Find the gradient of the line shown in the diagram below.

y
7

6
5

2
1

5 4 3 2 1 0
1 2 3 4 5 x
1

2
3
4

5
3. The manufacturer of a ramp for a shop entrance states that to be suitable for a wheelchair
user the gradient of the ramp must be between 0∙1 and 0∙2.

830mm
Is this ramp suitable for wheelchair users?
7200mm
You must show working and give a reason for your answer.

4. A skateboard ramp has been designed to have the dimensions shown in the diagram.

8m

17m
Safety regulations state that the gradient of the ramp should be a maximum of 0∙5.
Does this ramp meet safety regulations? You must show working and give a reason for
your answer.

5. A builder wants to find the gradient of the slope of a roof.

The length of the attic floor is 20 metres long and the height at the centre is 3∙8m.
Calculate the gradient of the slope of the roof

3∙8m

20m
6. A door wedge is in the shape of a triangle.
It has a height of 32mm and a base of 78mm.
Calculate the gradient of the sloping edge.

32mm

78mm
7. Colin has put a basketball net on a pole in his garden. He has fixed it to his garden
shed using a baton which he has nailed over the roof of the shed.
The horizontal distance is 2∙8 metres and the basketball pole is 3 metres high.

2∙8m
3m
1∙8m

Calculate the gradient of the slope of the roof.

8. A ladder resting against a wall reaches 3∙6 metres up a wall.

The foot of the ladder is 1∙8 metres from the wall.
For the ladder to be used safely the gradient of the ladder
must lie between 1∙8 and 2.
3∙6m
Is this ladder being used safely?
You must show working and give a reason for your answer.
1∙8m

9. The distance between the tent pegs at A and B is 42m and the height at the centre is.1∙5m.
The sloping sides are the same length.
Calculate the gradient of the sloping side of the tent.

15m

A B
42m
Applying geometric skills to circumference, area and volume
Calculating the circumference of a circle
Use π = 3∙14 in all questions
1. Calculate the circumference of the circles below:
(a) (b) (c) (d)
6cm
10cm
14cm
40cm

2. Calculate the circumference of circles with diameter:

(a) 10cm (b) 20cm (c) 100mm (d) 8cm
(e) 25mm (f) 30cm (g) 500mm (h) 60m
(i) 16mm (j) 15cm (k) 50cm (l) 200cm

3. Write down the diameter of circles with radius:

(a) 4cm (b) 5cm (c) 15cm (d) 9mm
(e) 10m (f) 14cm (g) 3m (h) 12mm
(i) 8cm (j) 25mm (k) 1∙5m (l) 24cm

4. Calculate the circumference of circles with radius:

(a) 10cm (b) 15cm (c) 50cm (d) 30mm
(e) 3m (f) 5m (g) 4m (h) 20cm
(i) 2m (j) 12cm (k) 25cm (l) 100cm
5. Patricia wants to put a decorative edge round the top and bottom
of the wastepaper bin in her bedroom.
The top of the bin has a diameter of 25cm and the bottom has
a diameter of 20cm.
What length of edging will she need to buy?

6. Martin has to replace the circular seal in the door of his

washing machine.
The radius of the door is 12cm.
What is the circumference of the door seal?

7. The diameter of the ‘bell’ on the end of a trumpet measures 14cm.

Calculate its circumference.

14cm

8. Calculate the circumference of the circle drawn with these compasses.

53cm
9. The radius of this lampshade is 95mm at the bottom. How much trim would be required to
fit round the bottom edge.

If the trim costs £275 a metre, how much would it cost to trim the lamp if the trim is only
sold in complete metres?

10. A florist is decorating her shop and wants to put pieces of coloured ribbon round white
poles to create a striped effect like this:

The pole has a radius of 12cm. Calculate how much ribbon she
will need to decorate the two poles.
Answer correct to the nearest necessary metre.

11. Linzi’s Mum buys a frill of length 78cm to fit round her birthday cake.
Find out the biggest diameter that the cake can have so that the frill fits.
Calculating the area of a circle

1. Calculate the area of circles with radius:

(a) 10cm (b) 20cm (c) 100 mm (d) 8 cm
(e) 25mm (f) 30cm (g) 500 mm (h) 60 m
(i) 16mm (j) 15cm (k) 50 cm (l) 200 cm

2. Write down the radius of circles with diameter:

(a) 4 cm (b) 5 cm (c) 15cm (d) 9mm
(e) 10 m (f) 14 cm (g) 3m (h) 12mm
(i) 8 cm (j) 0∙5 mm (k) 1∙6m (l) 2∙5cm

3. Calculate the area of circles with diameter:

(a) 10cm (b) 16cm (c) 50cm (d) 30mm
(e) 2m (f) 12m (g) 4m (h) 20cm
(i) 3m (j) 5cm (k) 25cm (l) 100cm

4. Calculate the area of the circles below :

(a) (b) (c) (d)

1cm
3cm
10cm 20cm

5. Simon is cutting a circular area from his lawn

to plant a rose-bed.
If the diameter of the rose-bed is 1m, what
rose-bed area of lawn will he need to remove?
6. Santino has a circular power saw.
The radius of the blade is 10cm.
What is the area of the blade?

7. The radius of a cymbal is 18cm. Calculate the area of one of them.

8. The diameter of the top of a pin is 7mm.

Calculate the total area of the tops of 5 of them. 7mm

9. Tea-light candles have to be packed into a box like this:

(a) What is the area of 1 tea light?
(b) Calculate the total area taken up by the
15 tea lights on the tray. 12cm

(c) What is the area of the top of the tray?

(d) How much space on the tray is NOT taken up by the tea lights?
10. Mrs Ahmad has moved into a new house and has to sort out her garden. This is a plan of
what she wants to do. It consists of a circular flower-bed with diameter 3m and 4 quarter-
circles with radius 1∙5m set in a rectangular lawn.

10m
(a) Calculate the total area of the 5
flower beds.
(b) What area is given over to the
lawn?
6m
(c) It costs £365 to plant a square
metre of lawn and a total of
£19750 for plants.
How much would it cost Mrs
Ahmad altogether for her new
garden?
Calculating the circumference and area of a circle
1. Calculate the circumference of the circle with:
(a) diameter 10cm (b) diameter 8mm (c) diameter 1∙2m
(d) d = 7cm (e) d = 25cm (f) radius 5cm
(g) radius 11mm (h) radius 0∙9m (i) r = 12cm (j) r = 1∙8m

2. Calculate the circumference of each circle below.

(a) (b) (c) (d)

16cm 3cm
6m 28cm

3. Calculate the area of the circles with the following radii.

(a) r = 4cm (b) r =7mm (c) r = 12cm
(d) r = 0∙9m (e) r = 17cm (f) r = 32mm

4. Calculate the area of each circle in question 2.

5. Calculate the area of each semi-circle below.

(a) (b) (c)

20cm 15cm 29cm

6. A circle has diameter 36cm.

 (a) Calculate the circumference of this circle.
(b) Calculate its area.

7. A circle has a radius of 28mm.

(a) Calculate its area. (b) Calculate its circumference.

8. Calculate the perimeter of each semi-circle in question 5.

9. Calculate the circumference and the area of each circle below.

(a) (b)
(c)
32mm
4∙8cm .
19cm

(e)
(d) .1∙5cm 2∙4m

10. (a) Calculate the area of the circle with radius 42cm.
(b) Calculate the circumference of the circle with diameter 6∙2m.
(c) Calculate the area of the circle with diameter 16∙2cm.
(d) Calculate the circumference of a wheel of radius 40cm.
11. The diagram shows a rectangular steel plate with five holes,
each with a radius of 4cm, drilled through it.
Calculate the shaded area.
72cm

36cm

12. The diagram shows a rectangular steel plate with

four holes, of radius 6cm, drilled through it.
70cm
Calculate the shaded area.
50cm

13. The "Penny-Farthing" bicycle shown opposite was all the rage
when it first appeared. The large front wheel has a radius of 98cm
and the small back wheel a radius of 14cm.

(a) Calculate the circumference of each wheel.

(b) How many turns will the small wheel make for one turn of the large wheel?

14. The weights at the end of these balloons each have an area of 20cm2.
Calculate their radius and then the circumference

.
Calculating the area of a parallelogram, kite and trapezium
1. Calculate the area of these parallelograms by splitting them into triangles and rectangles:
(a) (b)
8cm

2cm

5cm 5cm 11cm

7cm
(c)

23cm
3cm
9cm

(d)

12cm

14cm

6cm

6cm
2. Calculate the area of one of the parallelograms in this diagram:

30cm

20cm
60cm

3. The area of this parallelogram is 340cm².

Calculate the value of x.
9cm

xcm

25cm
4. Calculate the areas of these parallelograms by splitting them into triangles:

(a) (b)
10cm

4cm
8cm

16cm

(c) (d)
12cm
25cm

7·6cm

15·2cm

(e) (f)

18cm
2cm 7·5cm
6cm

5. Calculate the length marked x in these parallelograms given their areas:

(a) (b)
A = 144cm²
xcm A = 250cm² 8cm

20cm xcm
6. Calculate the areas of these kites:
(a) (b)

1·5cm

8cm
5cm
12cm

6·5cm

18cm

(c) (d)

16cm

5·6cm
10cm

10·2cm

4cm

7·8cm

(e) (f)

4·6cm
6·4cm 10·8cm

5·8cm
8·6cm

9·2cm
7. Calculate the area of each trapezium by dividing them into rectangles and triangles:

13cm
(a) (b)

8cm
8cm 15cm
15cm

25cm 20cm
9cm
(c)

7·6cm

4cm 3cm

(e)
9cm
8·6cm
(d)
4·7cm

8cm
5·4cm

13cm

(f) (g)

22cm

16cm

24cm 18cm

32cm

9cm
8. Calculate the area of each trapezium by dividing them into triangles:

(a) 9cm (b)

9cm

20cm
30cm
16cm

(c)

10·3cm 15cm

4cm
6cm

(d)
23cm
(e) 18·6cm

9·5cm

12cm

12·4cm

13cm

(f) (g)

5·2cm 4·5cm 11·3cm

6·6cm 10cm

17·8cm
Investigating the surface of a prism

1. Debbie is buying some perfume for her Mum. The perfume bottles are different shapes
like the ones below:

1 2 3 4 5
Write down the name of each of the shapes above and state how many faces, edges and
vertices they have.

2. The diagram shows a 3D-shape made up from two different solid shapes.

(a) What two shapes have been used?

(b) How many faces are there?
(c) How many edges are there?
(d) How many vertices are there?

3. Repeat question 2 for these shapes.

(a) (b)

12cm
4. Write down the name of each shape shown in the nets below.

(a) (b)

(c) (d)

(e) (f)

(g) (h)
5. For each shape below, sketch the net and calculate the surface area.

(a) (b)
10cm 10cm
4cm

7cm
5cm

20cm 6cm
6cm
16cm

(c) (d)

10cm
26cm
26cm
8cm 24cm

12cm 9cm
6cm 20cm

(e) (f)
8cm

10cm 50cm

30cm 60cm
48cm
12cm

14cm

4cm

(g) (h)

20cm

30cm
2cm
Calculating the volume of a prism
1. Calculate the volume of each of the cuboids below:

(a) (b) (c)

2cm 8cm
3cm 6m
3cm 10cm
8cm 4m
5m

12mm 2cm
(d) (e) 2cm
(f) (g)

6cm
25mm
22cm

7m
40mm 1cm 7m
7m 14cm

2. Calculate the volumes of the cuboids measuring:

(a) 12cm by 8cm by 9cm (b) 18mm by 12mm by 3mm
(c) 50cm by 20cm by 5cm (d) 15m by 7m by 8m
(e) 11mm by 9mm by 2mm (f) 4·3cm by 2·2cm by 10cm

3. Calculate the volumes of the cubes of side:

(a) 6cm (b) 4mm (c) 14cm (d) 23mm

4. Convert each of the following volumes in cubic centimetres into litres:

(a) 3000cm3 (b) 2400cm3 (c) 12600cm3 (d) 600cm3
(e) 1460cm3 (f) 480cm3 (g) 320000cm3 (h) 2565cm3

5. Calculate the volume of water in each fish tank below, giving your answer in litres :

(a) (b) (c)

8cm 9cm
14cm
10cm 6cm
12cm
30cm 40cm
25cm
Calculating the volume of a cylinder

1. Calculate the volume of each cylinder below:

2m
(a) 4cm (b) (c) (d)

18mm
7cm 5m
5cm

10cmm 11mm

2. Calculate the volume of each cylinder below :

6cm
12mm 30mm
5cm 14cmm 7m
1·8m

5cm

3. The drinks can opposite is cylindrical in shape.

Calculate its volume (in ml) if it has a diameter of 6cm and a
length of 11·68cm . Give your answer to the nearest millilitre.

4. Six cola-cans each with a diameter of 6·8cm and a height of

9·183cm are sold together in an economy pack.
Calculate the total volume of cola in the six-pack.
Answer to the nearest millilitre.

5. A container for holding coffee is cylindrical in shape.

Given that it has a diameter of 8cm and a height of 15cm
calculate its volume in cubic centimetres.

6. An oil drum has a diameter of 66cm and a height of 105.3cm.

Calculate the capacity of the drum to the nearest litre.
Calculating the volume of a triangular prism
1. Calculate the volumes of these triangular prisms
(a) (b) A = 5·4cm²

15cm

12cm

A = 2·5cm²

(c) (d)

18cm
21cm 6cm

5cm

10·4cm
(e)
10cm

8·4cm 20cm

7·2cm

2. Calculate the side marked x in these triangular prisms given the volume.
(a) V = 140cm³ (b) V = 504cm³

xcm 14cm
7cm xcm
4cm
6cm
Calculating the volume of other prisms
The area of the base of these prisms is given. Calculate the volume of the prisms.

6m
(a)
(b)

A = 4·6m² A = 7·2m²
5m

(d)

(c)

A = 46cm²
30cm A = 72cm²

16cm

(e) (f)

11m

A = 6·5m²

A = 10·6m² 1·2m
Applying geometric skills to circumference, area and volume
EXAM QUESTIONS

1. A solid metal cube of side 6cm is to be melted down

and re-formed to make a cuboid.
6cm
The base of the cuboid has dimensions 9cm by 6cm.

What height, h, should the cuboid be so that the volume

is the same as that of the cube?
h
6cm
9cm

2. The side of a box of chocolates is in the shape

of a rectangle with two quarter-circle ends.
Calculate the volume of the box if the area 123cm²
of the end of the box is 123cm² and its height
is 20cm. 20cm

3. A climbing wall is part of an outdoor fitness training

course. The wall is made up of cuboids and cubes as
shown in the diagram.
The cuboids measure 60cm by 30cm by 30cm and
the cubes are half the length of the cuboids.
Find the total volume of the wall.

4. The Portal Door Company makes nameplates

for doors which are in the shape of a square with 7cm
2 identical quarter circles cut out.

19 Smith
19 Smith
Calculate the area of the nameplate shown here.

12cm
5. Peter wants to make a tank to collect rainwater to use in his garden.
He would like it to be able to hold at least 150 litres of water when full.
Is the tank, shown below, big enough? Show your working and give a reason for your
answer.

30cm
35cm
150cm

6. In a fast food café, cakes are prepared in advance and displayed in cardboard boxes which
have the net shown in the diagram below.

6cm

3cm

The boxes consist of a square base of side 6cm, rectangular sides with depth 3cm and a
semicircular fringe on each side.
Find the total area of card needed to make each box. (Ignore any overlaps)
7. Josh and Jamie were having an argument. Josh said that the perimeter
of a full-sized football pitch was longer than the circumference
of the London Eye but Jamie disagreed.
The diameter of the London eye is 135m and a full-sized football
pitch has perimeter 420 metres.
Was Josh correct? You must show all working and give a
reason for your answer.

[3]
8. This solid is made from building bricks which are in the shape of a cube with
side 5cm.
(a) What is the total volume of the solid?

(b) The bricks have to be packed into a cuboid-shaped box with a square base of
side10cm.

How far up the cuboid will the bricks reach?

10cm
10cm

9. A garden water trough is in the shape of a cuboid

which measures 90cm by 30cm by 20cm.
30cm
20cm
90cm

(a) Calculate the number of litres that the trough holds when it is completely
full. (1000cm3 = 1 litre)
(b) The water is used to fill 300 small cuboid shaped vases like the one shown in the
diagram.

Calculate the height, hcm, of the vases. hcm

4cm
5cm
10. A fish tank is in the shape of a cuboid with dimensions as shown in the diagram.
John wants to fill it up from bottles of water which each hold 1litre of water.
How many bottles will it take to fill the tank half full? (1000cm3 = 1 litre)

40cm
30cm
90cm

11. Draw the net for this carton which is in the shape of a cuboid.

3cm

2cm
6cm
12 Calculate the surface area of the triangular prism 4cm
shown in the diagram.

5cm

15cm
6cm

13. The label on a can of beans has to have a 1 cm overlap for joining.

6cm
The can has a radius of 6cm and a height of 14cm.

14cm
Calculate the area of the label.

14. Anna makes 3 litres of jelly and pours it into 10 containers like the one in the diagram

dcm

5cm
10cm
Calculate the depth (dcm) of the jelly in each container.
15. An ornament is packaged in a cardboard box which is a cube of side 12cm.

12cm

(a) Find the volume of the box.

(b) Calculate the area of card which would be needed to make the box.
[Ignore any overlaps]
Another ornament is to be packed in a box which is a cuboid with half the volume
of the cube.
This box is to have a square base of side 9cm.

h cm

9cm
(c) Calculate the height, h cm, of this new box giving your answer correct to
1 decimal place.

16. 3∙6cm
A bottle opener is formed from a rectangle of metal with a
semi-circle cut out.
The rectangle measures 3∙6cm by 5cm and the semicircle has
3cm diameter 3cm.
5cm

(a) Calculate the area of metal required to make the opener.

[i.e. the shaded area in the diagram] [Use π = 3∙14]

(b) To find the volume of the opener we use the formula:

Volume = area × thickness
Calculate the weight of the opener if 1 cm3 of the metal weighs 70g and the opener
has a depth of 0∙3cm.
17. The sign outside the Yummy Ice Cream shop is formed from a triangle and a semi-circle.

The diameter of the semicircle is 54cm

and the overall height of the sign is 85cm.
54cm

85cm

Calculate the area of the sign.

18. A display case in a museum is in the shape of a triangular prism without a base.

12cm 12cm

8cm
5cm

18cm

Calculate the area of glass required to make the display case.

19. A large cuboid which measures 100cm by

50cm by 20cm is filled completely with water.
20cm

How many small cuboids, measuring 8 cm by

10 cm by 15 cm, can be filled completely with
water from the larger cuboid?
100cm

10cm

15cm 50cm

8cm
20. The Triangle Pizza Co packages its pizzas in
boxes made from this net.

Measurements are given correct to 1 decimal place where necessary.

5·2cm

6cm

2cm 6cm

(a) What is the mathematical name for the 3D shape which can be made
from this net?
(b) Use the diagram to calculate the area of card needed to make this box.
[Ignore any overlaps]

21. Draw the net for this carton which is in the shape of a triangular prism.

5cm 4cm

3cm
5cm
Using rotational symmetry
Exercise 1
1. State the order of rotational symmetry for each of these patterns and objects.
(a) (b) (c)

(d) (e) (f)

(g) (h) (i)

(j) (k) (l)

(m) (n) (o)

Exercise 2
1. Copy these diagrams onto square dotty paper and add one line to each so that they
have half – turn symmetry about the point marked . The first one has been done
for you.

(a) (b) (c)

(d)
(e)

(h)
(f) (g)

(i) (j)
2. Copy these diagrams and add two lines so that the shapes have half turn symmetry about
the point C.

(a) (b) (c)

C C C

(d)

3. Copy and complete these diagrams so that the shapes have half – turn symmetry about the
point marked C. The first one has been completed for you.

(a) (b) (c)

C
C

(d)

C
C
(e) (f)

C
4. Copy and complete the following so that each finished diagram has half – turn symmetry
about the point C.

(a) (b)
C C

(c) (d)

C
(e) (f)

C
5. Copy and complete the following diagrams so that they have turn symmetry of order 3
about the point C.

(a) (b)

C C

(c) (d)

C C

(e) (f)

C C
6. Copy and complete these patterns so that they have turn symmetry of order 4.

(a) (b)

(c) (d)

(e) (f)
7. Copy and complete these diagrams so that they have turn symmetry of order 4 about C.

(a)
(b)

C C

(c) (d)

(e)

C
Using rotational symmetry
EXAM QUESTIONS
1. The managers of the “Eskimo Engineering” company are experimenting with new logos.

They decide to use the initial letters of the company name.

They want the design to have half-turn symmetry about the dot so that it can be used
either way up.

Copy and complete the design.

2. Copy and complete the diagram so that it has rotational symmetry of order 4 about point
C.

C
3. Copy and complete the diagram so that the completed shape has rotational symmetry
of order 4 about C.

4. Complete the pattern below so that it has rotational symmetry of order 4 about point X:

X
5. Copy and complete the diagram so that the completed shape has rotational symmetry of
order 4 about the point O.

6. Copy and complete this diagram so that is has rotational symmetry of order 3 about the
point O.
7. Copy and complete the diagram so that the shape has half – turn symmetry about the
point O.

8. Complete this shape so that it has quarter-turn symmetry about O.

O
Applying statistical skills to representing and analysing data and to probability
Constructing a frequency table with class intervals from raw data
1. A class sat a Maths test. Their results are shown below.

61 30 71 62 46 60 42 55 57 40
62 41 35 81 50 65 62 67 69 83
51 46 65 73 53 74 84 82 72 75

Draw a frequency table to show these results using class intervals of size 10 starting
with 30 – 39.

2. The table shows the ages of people working in a factory.

24 41 30 50 43 32 31 42 23 30
37 20 46 35 52 26 40 21 48 26
34 25 37 45 27 31 33 39 27 36

Arrange this information in a frequency table using class intervals of size 5 starting
with 20 – 24.

3. A group of darts players were asked what there highest ever score was with 3 darts.
The results are shown here.

115 113 131 142 164 134 132 120 111 108 121
155 119 151 145 164 135 175 150 146 155 167
121 133 112 105 140 179 176 147 129 110 115

Show these results in a frequency table using a suitable class interval.

4. A group of people were asked to say how many coins they had in their pocket.

12 0 3 19 14 1 20 12
9 7 1 9 16 7 21 10
4 15 11 12 15 27 6 11
2 0 9 31 15 18 3 4
22 15 16 26 25 17 13 3

Make a frequency table to show these results using a suitable class interval.

5. Here is a set of results for a Mental Arithmetic Test for an S1 class. Show the results in a
frequency table using a suitable class interval.

0 4 22 11 11 19 10 12
14 10 3 24 17 5 3 22
2 18 17 15 25 26 8 5
1 13 17 25 26 16 15 22
9 7 1 9 16 7 21 10
Determining mean, median, mode and range of a data set
1. Find the mean, median, mode and range for each of the following data sets.
(a) 7 8 9 10 12 12 12 13 13 13 13
(b) 50 51 51 51 51 52 52 53 53 53 53
(c) 0·4 2·1 3·6 4·8 5·3 5·3 5·5 5·7 6·0
(d) 7 9 10 11 12 14 14 15 16
(e) 6 8 11 12 14 15 15 17 21 22 24
(f) 8 10 11 12 14 14 15
(g) 0·31 0·34 0·35 0·38 0·40 0·42 0·43 0·43 0·45
(h) 2 3 3 3 5 5 5 5 6 6 7 7 8

2. Find the mean, median, mode and range for each of the following data sets. (Remember
to write the numbers in order before finding the median)
(a) 7 6 3 11 8 7 10 4 7
(b) 1 3 11 4 9 15 7 2 6 3 5
(c) 2·0 2·5 3·3 1·7 2·2 2·7 1·9 2·2 2·9 1·5 2·4
(d) 85 81 80 89 88 81 85 86 81 90
(e) 4 2 3 1 2 4 3 2 1 2 2 3 2 4
(f) 1·2 0·8 2·0 0·9 0·8 0·6 1·1 2·2 1·2 0·8 0·9 1·9
(g) 332 308 340 325 336 341 319 324 317 306 308 320
(h) 8·8 12·4 15·2 10·3 11·9 9·7 20·0 16·9 9·7 17·1

3. Mr. Khan timed how long it took each of his class to complete an exercise. The times are
in seconds.

300 480 216 311 419 333 281 295 308 276
402 343 398 290 364 378 399 294 401 300

Calculate the mean and the median.

4. The weights, in kilograms, of 20 new-born babies are shown below.

2·8 3·4 2·8 3·1 3·0 4·0 3·5 3·8 3·9 2·9
2·7 3·6 2·5 3·3 3·5 4·1 3·6 3·4 3·2 3·4
Find the median, mode and range.

5. The frequency table shows the results of a

Number of survey conducted in a block of flats to find out
Frequency
people in flat how many people were living in each house.
1 3
2 5 (a) Use the table to calculate the mean,
3 12 median and range.

4 3 (b) What is the modal number of people in

a flat ?
5 1
Total 24

6. The absences of a class of 30 first year pupils

number of
were recorded over a term. frequency
absences

0 6
(a) How many pupils had 100% attendance ?
1 5
2 1
(b) Calculate the mean number of absences.
3 10
4 5
(c) Write down the mode and the median.
5 1
6 1
7 1
Total 30
7. The table shows the marks out of 10 achieved by pupils in a class test.

mark 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 total
Frequency 1 0 1 3 3 2 3 5 7 4 3 32

Calculate the mean, median and mode.

8. A passage was picked at random from a book and the number of letters in the first 100
words were counted.

Letters 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Frequency 4 12 30 24 17 5 2 3 3 1

Calculate the mean, median and mode.

9. The stem-and-leaf tables show the marks of a class of pupils in two maths tests.

2 2 2 0 1 3 paper 2
paper 1
3 0 3 3 0 2 3 4

4 0 2 4 4 1 1 3 5 5

5 1 1 1 5 2 4 5 5 8 8 9

6 2 5 5 6 6 0 1 4 5

7 0 0 1 5 5 7 1 3 5

8 1 3 3 4 6 8 8 3 7

9 0 1 1 4 5 9 0

(a) Which paper did the pupils do better in?

(b) Find the median and the range for each paper.
Interpreting calculated statistics to compare data

1. Paul works in a shoe shop on a Saturday. The manager wants to make a special purchase
of "Trainers". He asked Paul to do a tally of sizes of men's shoes sold that day.

Size 6 6 12 7 7 12 8 9 10
PairsSold 5 17 21 16 15 11 2

(a) Which size of shoe will the manager order most of?
(b) What do we call this measure in statistics?

2. The Lucky Strike Match Company advertises the average contents of its boxes as 48.
Here is a sample of the boxes contents :

45 47 46 50 48 51 46 47 49 51

Is the company correct in their advert? Give a reason for your answer.

3. The ages of the players in a local football team are given below :

19 23 25 24 19 25
31 27 29 30 34

(a) Calculate the mean, median and mode.

(b) Jake is 25 years old. Is he above or below the average age?
(c) The two oldest players leave and are replaced by two players aged 18 and 25.
Calculate the mean, median and modal age of the team now.
(d) How would you describe Jake's age now?
4. A small firm employs 10 people. The salaries of the employees are as follows :

£40 000, £18000, £15000, £9000, £15000, £15000, £13000, £15000, £15000, £15000.

(a) Calculate the mean, median and mode.

(b) Which of the three measures best describes the average salary in the company?

5. Diane does a lot of travelling in her job. She keeps a note of the miles she drove each
week for the first 10 weeks.

785 846 816 704 685 723 960 788 729 814

(a) Calculate the mean weekly mileage.

(b) If Diane's mean weekly mileage stays the same, how many miles would she
expect to travel in a year? (She has 6 weeks holiday when she does no driving)

6. In a 5-a-side football competition, the average age of a team must not exceed 16.
Below are the ages of 2 groups of 10 players who want to enter 2 teams each.

A : 14 , 16 , 14 ,17 , 15 , 18 , 16 , 15 , 17 , 18
B : 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 15 , 16 , 14 , 16 , 18 , 14

(a) How would you arrange the teams ?

(b) Here are the ages of another team : 15, 17, 16, 17, 16
Will they be allowed to take part in the competition ?
7. In nine arithmetic tests during the term, Peter's scores were :

20 22 18 21 22 16 14 19 17

Which of the three averages - mean, median or mode - would he prefer to count as his
'mark' ?

8. The first eight customers at a supermarket one Saturday spent the following amounts:

£25.10, £3.80, £20.50, £15.70,

£38.40, £9.60, £46.20, £10.46.

(a) Find the mean amount spent.

(b) I spend £11.53. Compare this to the average amount spent.

9. 20 lightbulbs were tested to see how long they would last. The lifetimes of the bulbs are
given below in hours.

1503 1469 1511 1494 1634

1601 1625 1492 1495 1505
1487 1493 1006 1512 1510
1599 1501 1486 1471 1598

The manufacturing company claims that the average lifetime of a lightbulb is 1500 hours.

Do you agree with their claim?

Representing raw data in a pie chart

1. A survey was carried out in which 60 people were asked to name their favourite radio
station. The results were
Clyde 1 24 Clyde 2 8 Radio 1 14
Radio 2 5 Scot fm 9

(a) Copy and complete the table Number of Angle in

Station people piechart
(b) Draw the pie-chart.
24
Clyde 1 24  360  144 o
60
8
Clyde 2 8  360 
60
14
Radio 1 14  360 
60

5
Radio2 5  360 
60

9
Scot fm 9  360 
60

2. Draw a pie-chart for each of the data sets below.

(a) 90 people were surveyed to find the most popular flavour of crisps

ready cheese smoky salt & prawn roast

Flavour
salted & onion bacon vinegar cocktail chicken
Number
23 28 11 18 7 3
of people

(b) 120 people were asked about the newspapers that they buy each day.

Newspaper Daily News The Moon The Reporter None

Number
35 42 26 17
of people
 (c) 240 pupils were asked to choose their favourite sport.

Sport football basketball tennis swimming hockey

Number of
80 64 32 48 16
pupils

(d) A professional photographer took 144 photographs of the types shown below

Type of photo Baby Wedding Portrait Adverts News

Number
48 60 10 18 8
of photographs

3. As people left a Sports Centre they were asked which sport they had taken part in. The
table shows the results.

Sport Number of people

Squash 4

Swimming 17

Badminton 8

Skating 11

Draw a pie chart to illustrate the results.

Using Probability

1. A die is rolled. Calculate the probability that the result will be

(a) a 2
(b) a score greater than 3
(c) an odd number

2. A letter is chosen from the word INTERMEDIATE. Find the probability that it will be
(a) a vowel (b) aT (c) an E (d) an M

3. A card is drawn from a deck of 52 playing cards.

Find the probability that it will be
(a) a club (b) a red card
(c) an Ace (d) a face card
(e) 3 of spades (f) a black king

4. A bag contains 3 red discs, 5 blue discs and 2 green discs. A disc is chosen at random
from the bag. Find the probability that it is
(a) blue (b) red (c) green (d) not red

5. This spinner is used in a game.

What is the probability of getting

(a) a6 (b) an even number (c) a number greater than 5
(d) a multiple of 3 (e) a factor of 8 (f) a number less than 3?
6. 20 tickets numbered 1 to 20 are placed in a bag and one is drawn out at random.
What is the probability that it will be
(a) number 17 (b) a multiple of 5 (c) an odd number
(d) greater than 12 (e) less than 6 (f) a factor of 16?

7. (a) Copy this probability line

0 0·5 1

(b) Mark with an arrow where you think the probability is that
(i) you will get a tail when you toss a coin
(ii) you will get a six when throwing a dice
(iii) a raw egg will break when you drop it
(iv) you will live forever
(v) you will leave school one day

8. A die is rolled. Find the probability that it lands with

(a) 5
(b) an even number
(c) a prime number
(d) a multiple of 3
(e) a number greater than 4 uppermost.?

9. This spinner is used in a game.

What is the probability of getting

(a) 1 (b) an odd number (c) a number greater than 3 ?
10. Mario keeps his schoolbooks on a shelf.

Mathemat

Mathemat

Technol
English
History

icsEnglish
English
History

English
Music
Science

Science
ART

ogy
ics
If he closes his eyes and chooses a book ,
what is the probability that it is
(a) History (b) Maths (c) French (d) English ?

11. If you pick a letter at random from the word MATHEMATICS, what is the
probability that it will be
(a) a vowel (b) a consonant (c) M?

12. This “Wheel of Fortune” is used at 300 100

a fundraising event.
100 400

What is the probability of winning 500 100

(a) £100
100 250
(b) £400
(c) more than £250

13. If one of these geometric shapes is

picked at random, what is the
probability that it has
(a) 4 sides
(b) no axis of symmetry
(c) less than 3 sides
(d) more than 5 sides
14. A school party consisting of 4 teachers and
35 pupils go on a bus trip. The bus company
supplies a driver.
What is the probability that
(a) if someone is sick, it is a pupil
(b) if someone gets lost at a service station, it is a teacher
(c) if someone starts singing, it is an adult ?

15. A box contain 20 CDs. 5 are music, 12 are computer games, 2 have program files and 1
has photographs.
What is the probability, if you pick a CD at random, it will have
(a) photographs
(b) music
(c) computer games ?

16. In class 2G there are 15 pupils with blue eyes, 12 with brown eyes, 3 with green eyes
and 2 with grey eyes.
What is the probability that the first pupil to enter the classroom on a Monday morning
has (a) brown eyes
(b) blue eyes
(c) grey eyes
(d) green eyes ?
Applying statistical skills to representing and analysing data and to probability
EXAM QUESTIONS
1. A supermarket claims the average number of sweets in a box is 50.
On a sample count of 12 boxes the number of sweets in each box is recorded.
The results are shown:

54 52 47 55 51 51 50 47 50 49 50 56

(a) Calculate the mean number of matches in each box.

(b) Write down the (i) median

(ii) mode
(iii) range

2. A letter is chosen at random from the word COMMISSION.

What is the probability that a letter chosen at random is an M?
Give your answer in its simplest form.

3. Lucy is making a grid to be used to raise money for charity. The grid is a rectangle
15 squares long and 12 squares broad.

If the probability of choosing a winning square is 0∙4, how many winning squares
are there on the board?
4. The string section of the Scottish National Orchestra is made up from the following
musicians.

26 violinists
12 violists
10 cellists
7 double bass players

If a player is chosen at random from the String section, what is the probability
that it will be a violinist?

5. 17 people were asked to say how many text messages they had sent in one day.
The stem and leaf diagram shows the results.

0 4 7 8
1 5 6 7 8 8
2 0 1 2 4 4 6
3 1 3 4 1 8 represents 18

Find the median and range of the data.

6. A S6 pupil was buying a dress for her school prom. In the shop there were
8 red dresses, 5 blue dresses, 7 green dresses and 4 purple ones.

What is the probability that if a dress is chosen at random, it will be blue?

7. A group of 95 students were asked how many times they had missed a
lecture over the last month.
The results are shown in the frequency table.

Number of missed Number of lectures ×

Frequency
lectures frequency

0 42

1 21

2 13

3 11

4 6

5 2

Total = 95 Total =

(a) Complete the table and find the mean number of missed lectures.

One student is picked at random.

(b) Find the probability that the student picked will be one who has missed
more than three lectures in the last month.

8. 15 people were asked to say how many times they had bought items from an internet
auction site over the past 6 months:
15 4 24 31 7 24 17 21 16 8 18 20 22 18 26
(a) Find the median and range of the data.
(b) A person is chosen at random. What is the probability that they will have bought
items on the internet less than 10 times in the last six months?
9. The pupils in a class are asked how many songs they download in a week.
Complete the table and calculate the mean number of songs downloaded.

Number of songs 
Number of songs Frequency
Frequency
0 3 0
1 4 4
2 2
3 7
4 5
5 1
6 3
7 3
8 2
Total

10. The number of sweets in a sample of 10 bags was counted and the following results
obtained.
12 15 21 17 12 12 17 18 11 15

(a) Calculate the mean number of sweets in a bag.

(b) What is the modal number of sweets?

(c) Christian had a bag with 17 sweets in it. How does this compare to the mean?
11. Tina has started a collection of Magical Beast cards. So far she has 15 cards of the
following Magical Beasts:
Vampire – 5 Werewolf – 2 Unicorn – 3 Phoenix – 4 Dragon – 1

(a) If she places the cards face down and picks one at random, what is the probability
that it will be a Unicorn?
Give your answer in its simplest form.
(b) The card chosen was a Unicorn. If this card is not replaced, what is the probability
that the next card she picks will be a Vampire?

12. 120 people were asked what their favourite reality TV show is. The results are shown
below.

Programme Number of people

Big Brother 20

Britain’s Got Talent 40

Strictly Come Dancing 20

Dancing on Ice 10

X – factor 30

Use the information shown to construct a pie chart

13. The numbers of sweets in 20 packets are counted. The information is shown below.
24 22 25 21 22 30 22 24 20 21
22 27 23 29 23 23 22 27 23 23
What is the probability that a packet of sweets chosen at random has more than 26 sweets?
Give your answer in its simplest form.
14. The table below shows the number of minutes that people spent in queuing for a ride at the
funfair.

13 14 18 15 11 9 4 1

14 15 16 12 25 32 34 15

3 14 19 25 25 18 15 9

9 8 2 7 16 27 23 20

22 4 30 16 13 11 20 22

(a) Construct a frequency table of the information using class intervals 0 – 4, 5 – 9 etc.

(b) What is the probability that a person, chosen at random, will waited more that
19 minutes?

15. This set of cards with 2-dimensional shapes on them is laid face down.

What is the probability that the first card

turned over is a quadrilateral?
Give your answer in its simplest form.

16. A matchbox company states that the average number of matches in a box is 50.
On a sample count of 10 boxes the number of matches in each box is recorded.
The results are shown:
53 44 59 46 50 51 51 47 46 51
(a) Calculate the mean number of matches in each box.

(b) Write down the (i) median

(ii) mode
(iii) range
17. A letter is chosen at random from the word NOVEMBER.
What is the probability that a letter chosen is an E?
Give your answer in its simplest form.

18. 20 tickets numbered 21 to 40 are placed in a bag and one is drawn out at random.
What is the probability that it will be a number with the digit 2 in it?

19. The ages of the junior members of a club are shown in this frequency table.

Age Frequency Age  frequency

10 4
11 6
12 9
13 13
14 11
15 7
16 4

Complete the table above and calculate the mean age of the junior members.

20. 120 people were asked their favourite type of food. The results are shown below.
Type of food Italian Chinese Indian British Fast food
Number of
23 40 21 17 19
people

Use the information shown to construct a pie chart on the worksheet provided
21. The number of people visiting an exhibition over a number of days was recorded.
The results are shown below.
127 174 167 110 111 164 150 144 130 154 154 122 169
152 101 155 117 134 115 160 141 128 122 140 151 163
163 133 171 129 125 122 129 153 166 169 162 100 174
(a) Construct a frequency table of the information class intervals starting
with 100 – 109 .
(b) What is the probability that on any one day the number of visitors to the exhibition
was between 150 – 159?
Give your answer in its simplest form.

22. The ages of a group of musicians are

12 34 25 54 32 15 60 21
Find median and range for the group.

23. A coin is tossed and a die rolled together.

Which of these is the most likely outcome? (i) a head and an even number
OR (ii) a tail and a multiple of 3
Give a reason for your answer.

24. The frequency table shows the ages of the members of a school drama group. Find the
mean, median, mode and range of the ages.
Age Frequency
11 7
12 8
13 8
14 5
15 3
16 2
17 1
25. A set of cards with these symbols is laid out face down.
(a) What is the probability that the
first card turned over is a star?

(b) If this card is not replaced, what

is the probability that the next
card turned over is a sun?

26. The test marks in English in a class of 12 pupils were as follows:

58 61 48 43 62 62 51 43 54 43 70 65
Find the median and range of the marks.

27. The numbers of hours worked by part-time employees in a supermarket is

shown in the table below.

Hours Frequency Hours  Frequency

10 3
12 5

14 8

15 10

20 9

Total = Total =

Complete the table and find the mean number

28. The temperature, in degrees Celsius, at midnight over a period of 10 days at Wallend were:
-4 0 -4 2 -1 -6 -5 -4 0 2
(a) Find the mean temperature.
(b) What is the mode?

29. The table below shows the ages of students on a beauty course.

Age of student Number of students

18 12
19 9
20 14
21 9
22 8
23 8

Draw a pie chart to illustrate the data.

30. The diagram shows the lid of a child’s toy. The child has to fit shapes through the
differently shaped holes and drop them in a bucket.

If the child chooses a shape at random,

what is the probability that it is a shape
that has 5 sides or less?

Give your answer as a fraction in its

simplest form.
National 4 Expressions and Formulae ANSWERS

Simplifying an expression which has more than one variable

1. (a) 5x (b) 12p (c) 8a  3 (d) 6m
(e) 4v (f) 9y (g) 9a + 6 (h) 5f + 6
(i) 10x + 3 (j) 4c + 9 (k) 9m + 3 (l) 6y + 5
(m) 4 + 3x (n) 4d + 6 (o) 6y + 6z (p) 4a + 5b
(q) 5 + 7x (r) 9g + 6h (s) 5r + 6 (t) 9x + 3
(u) 9y – 4
2. (a) 7x + 7y (b) 4a + 5b + 13c (c) 7a + 6b (d) 6g + 5k
(e) 7m + 10p (f) 10q + 6r (g) – 5x + 2 (h) a +8
(i) 4k – 6p (j) 5n + 2p (k) 10t + 12b (l) 43r – 9s
(m) 8r + 15w (n) 3 – 2x
3. (a) 0∙5x (b) 4∙2p (c) 2∙4a (d) 3∙1m
1
(e) 0∙3v (f) 1∙3y + 6g (g) 7a (h) f +6
3
1 1 1
(i) x+3 (j) 4 c (k) 1 m+3 (l) 1 y+5
4 2 3
1 6 5
(m) 1 x (n) d (o) 4y + z
2 7 6

Using the distributive law in an expression with a numerical common factor to

produce a sum of terms
1. (a) 4c + 8 (b) 2e + 8 (c) 5f + 30 (d) 3t + 24
(e) 7g + 21 (f) 9w + 9 (g) 6h + 36 (h) 8p + 16
(i) 6 + 3y (j) 7 + 7k (k) 25 + 5z (l) 6 + 3y
(m) 9 + 9e (n) 6 + 3w (o) 96 + 8r (p) 70 + 10m
2. (a) 2x + 10 (b) 5y + 35 (c) 3a + 18 (d) 6x + 24
(e) 4x + 36 (f) 3c + 24 (g) 7d + 21 (h) 5m + 25
(i) 2y + 28 (j) 6a + 18 (k) 8q + 40 (l) 7a + 49
(m) 9b + 18 (n) 4x + 32 (o) 5p + 50 (p) 3w + 33
3. (a) 2a  14 (b) 3x  15 (c) 6q  18 (d) 4y  16

(e) 5b  20 (f) 4p  28 (g) 8y  16 (h) 3w  21

(i) 8c  32 (j) 7d  42 (k) 5s  40 (i) 2x  30

(m) 10w  20 (n) 5c  25 (o) 3a  30 (p) 7q  35
4. (a) 3x  15 (b) 5y + 35 (c) 8a + 48 (d) 18 + 6t

(e) 6x + 54 (f) 27  9y (g) 7b  28 (h) 20 + 4p

(i) 2b + 2c (j) 8x  8y (k) 5q  5r (l) 3a + 3x
(m) 5b  5c (n) 3x  3z (o) 6a  6m (p) 10p  10q
5. (a) 8a + 20 (b) 21y + 28 (c) 24x + 22 (d) 36c + 63
(e) 6a + 8 (f) 10x + 35 (g) 30 + 20y (h) 15t + 18
(i) 6x + 27 (j) 14 + 10y) (k) 12b + 32 (l) 25x + 20

6. (a) 8a  6 (b) 24y  18 (c) 6x  15 (d) 20c  24

(e) 14a  7 (f) 16x  6 (g) 30  35y) (h) 24t  15

(i) 27x  12 (j) 56  40y (k) 14b  63 (i) 24x  14

7. (a) 10c + 25 (b) 4e + 8 (c) 24f  36 (d) 6t + 24

(e) 16g  4 (f) 24w + 6 (g) 35h  42 (h) 24p  16

(i) 9  6y (j) 7 + 63k (k) 25  50z (l) 24  28u
(m) 9 + 27e (n) 6  18w (o) 36 + 6r (p) 28 + 20m

8. (a) 3c + 13 (b) 2e + 1 (c) 24  f (d) 4t + 25

(e) 12g – 21 (f) 5w – 8 (g) 6h + 21 (h) 14p + 27
(i) 2 + 3f (j) 13 – 4u (k) 25 + 3p (l) 13 – 4u
(m) 6 +7e (n) 18 + 4w (o) 88 +4q (p) 18g + 19
(q) 4e + 5 (r) 8c + 35 (s) 5t + 24 (t) 24f + 5
(u) 12a – 1 (v) 10 + 13t (w) 4 + 38u (x) 6 + 4x
(y) 30 + d (z) 35u – 8
9. (a) 5a + 15 (b) 5x + 6 (c) 12b + 16 (d) 13h + 4
(e) 26x + 20 (f) 16c + 3 (g) 18t + 6 (h) 22p + 12
(i) 17 + 21c
10. (a) 11a  3 (b) 7x + 6 (c) 8b  9 (d) 8h + 3

(e) 15  9x (f) 6c  5 (g) 6  2t (h) 13p + 24

(i) 16  21c (j) 13 + 4x (k) 13a  9 (l) 4x  9

(m) 15y  4 (n) 17b 2 (o) 15x + 29 (p) 28x  20
(q) 5  7c (r) 10a  17

EXAM QUESTIONS

1. 17 – 6x 2. 8 + 3x 3. –g–3
4. 15p + 9 5. 14 – 9k 6. 24d – 20

Factorising a sum of terms with a numerical common factor

1. (a) 2x + 6 = 2(x + 3) (b) 5a + 20 = 5(a + 4)

(c) 4m – 24 = 4(m  6) (d) 3f – 6 = 3( f  2)

(e) 5x + 5y = 5(x + y) (f) 6p – 12q = 6(p  2q)

(g) 3d – 12e = 3(d  4e) (h) 14 + 7k = 7(2 + k)

(i) 35 – 42b = 7(5  6b) (j) 24a + 36b = 12(2a + 3b)

2. (a) 2(x + y) (b) 3(c + d) (c) 6(s + t) (d) 12(x + y)
(e) 9(a + b) (f) 8(b + c) (g) 5(p + q) (h) 7(g + h)
(i) 4(m + n) (j) 9(e + f) (k) 13(j + k) (l) 14(v + w)
3. (a) 2(x + 4) (b) 3(m + 4) (c) 4(y – 1)
(d) 5(p + 1) (e) 8(w – 2) (f) 7(u + 3)
(g) 10(z – 2) (h) 6(h + 4) (i) 2(d – 6)
(j) 5(r + s) (k) 3(k – l) (l) 7(w + x)
(m) 4(u + 2v) (n) 6(r – 3s) (o) 2(e + 10f)
4. (a) 2(2x + 5) (b) 3(2g – 5) (c) 2(2f + 1)
(d) 4(2y – 1) (e) 4(3e + 2) (f) 3(2m + 7)
(g) 2(5a – 3) (h) 3(3h + 4) (i) 2(3r – 7)
(j) 5(2r + s) (k) 3(4k – l) (l) 7(w + 3x)
(m) 4(q + 2) (n) 6(1 + 3g) (o) 3(4m – 3)
5. (a) 2(x + 2) (b) 3(d + 3) (c) 3(2s + 1) (d) 4(3x + 1)
(e) 3(2 + 3a) (f) 2(b + 4) (g) 5(y + 2) (h) 5(2 + 3c)
(i) 4(3x + 4) (j) 6(3m + 4) (k) 6(5 + 6a) (l) 7(2y + 3)

6. (a) 3(x  2) (b) 4(y  2) (c) 8(2  a) (d) 5(2c  3)

(e) 3(3s  4) (f) 2(b  7) (g) 4(3x  25) (h) 11(2m  3)

(i) 5(3x  2) (j) 6(3  2y) (k) 5(5b  4) (l) 6(3d  5)

7. (a) 2(a + 2b) (b) 2(5x  6y) (c) 6(3m + 4n) (d) 5(2c + 3d)

(e) 3(2a  3x) (f) 6(3s  2t) (g) 3(4x + 5y) (h) 7(2a  b)

(i) 5(5c + 2d) (j) 3(3b  5y) (k) 6(3x + 4y) (l) 2(3a + 14b)

Factorising
EXAM QUESTIONS
1. 7(5x + 8y) 2. 6(6 + 7x) 3. 6(5 – t)
4. 5(3 – 5m) 5. 8(3t – 4)
Evaluating an expression or formulae which has more than one variable
1. (a) 14 (b) 6 (c) 20 (d) 40 (e) 20 (f) 17
(g) 7 (h) 19
2. (a) 13 (b) 3 (c) 7 (d) 18 (e) 6 (f) 18
(g) 22 (h) 1 (i) 15 (j) 5 (k) 1 (l) 39
3. (a) 7 (b) 1 (c) 10 (d) 22 (e) 10 (f) 12
(g) 0 (h) 6 (i) 25 (j) 1 (k) 20 (l) 50
4. (a) 16 (b) 29 (c) 23 (d) 45 (e) 41 (f) 230
(g) 67 (h) 96 (i) 159
5. (a) 7 (b) 15 (c) 50 (d) 28 (e) 40 (f) 220
(g) 127 (h) 47 (i) 1
6. (a) 25 (b) 19 (c) 71 (d) 52 (e) 20 (f) 33
(g) 4 (h) 40 (i) 1 (j) 128
7. (a) 60 (b) 150 (c) 300 (d) 320 (e) 165 (f) 245
(g) 170 (h) 243
8. (a) 90 (b) 100 (c) 11∙7 (d) 41 (e) 42 (f) 64∙4
9. (a) 59 (b) 95 (c) 50 (d) 68 (e) 91∙4 (f) 41
(g) 104 (h) 71∙6
10. (a) 40 (b) 2250 (c) 90 (d) 4200 (e) 900 (f) 472∙5
(g) 100∙04 (h) 1747200
11. (a) 800 (b) 1000 (c) 700 (d) 1440 (e) 140 (f) 192
(g) 208 (h) 2514
12. (a) 72o (b) 40o (c) 30o (d) 45o (e) 20o (f) 36o
(g) 12o (h) 14∙4o
13. (a) E=6 (b) E = 11 (c) E = 38 (d) E=3
14. (a) T = 15 (b) T = 22 (c) T = 70 (d) T = 10
15. (a) Q = 27 (b) Q = 20 (c) Q=0 (d) Q = 35
16. (a) G = 29 (b) G=9 (c) G = 41 (d) G = -4
17. (a) T = 22 (a) T = 54 (c) T = 204 (d) T=6
18. (a) W = 37 (b) W = 133 (c) W = 217 (d) W = 172
19. (a) L=2 (b) L = 12 (c) L = 44 (d) L = 194
20. (a) H=9 (b) H = 25 (c) H = 16 (d) H = 121
21. (a) T = 12 (b) T = 48 (c) T=4 (d) T = 174
22. (a) E = 14 (b) E = 21 (c) E = 16 (d) E=3
23. (a) T=4 (b) T=3 (c) T=1 (d) T=0
24. (a) F=4 (b) F=1 (c) F = 20 (d) F=2
25. (a) V = 11 (b) V = 27 (c) V = 82
26. (a) C = 68 (b) C = 60 (c) C = 36
27. (a) W = 12 (b) W=1 (c) W=0
28. (a) A = 72 (b) A = 148 (c) A = 232

Evaluating an expression
Exam Questions
1. – 16 2. 10 3. 172∙8 4. 2∙9
5. 17∙2 6. 20 7. 12 8. 2970
9. 0∙02

Extending a straightforward number or diagrammatic pattern and determining its

formula
1. (a) 11, 13, 15 (b) 15, 18, 21 (c) 34, 40, 46
(d) 84, 80, 76 (e) 17, 21, 25 (f) 15, 10, 5
2. (a) 32, 64 (b) 9, 3 (c) 16, 22
(d) 10, 5 (e) 32, 44 (f) 50, 25
3. (a) 25, 36, 49 square numbers
(b) 15, 21, 28 triangular numbers
(c) 13, 21, 34 Fibonacci
4. (a) 120, 720 (b) 8, 0 (c) – 5, – 10
(d) 1; ½ (e) – 4; – 10 (f) 50, 72
Extending a straightforward number or diagrammatic pattern and determining its
formula
One step Patterns
1. (a) 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24 (b) 4 (c) 4
(d) B = 4N (e) 12
2. (a) 8, 16, 24, 32, 40, 48 (b) 8 (c) 8
(d) L = 8S (e) 10
3. (a) 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36 (b) 6 (c) 6
(d) S = 6H (e) 7

4. (a) 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 (b) 5 (c) 80 (d) 20

5. (a) 16 (b) 160 (c) 8
Extending a straightforward number or diagrammatic pattern and determining its
formula
Two step Patterns
1. (a) (b) 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 22, 30
(c) two times the number of tables plus two
(d) P = 2T + 2 (e) 21
2. (a) (b) 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 38, 48
(c) Two times the number of posts subtract 2
(d) L = 2P – 2 (e) 98 (f) 51

3. (a) (b) 20 (c) 24

(d) 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 26, 46 (e) P = 2R + 6 (f) 73
4. (a) 6, 10, 14, 18, 42, 82, 202 (b) W = 4C + 2 (c) 21
5. (a) 13, 16, 19, 22, 25, 28 (b) B = 3P + 10 (c) 64 (d) 30
6. (a) 4, 7, 10, 13, 16, 19 (b) 31 (c) 73
(d) R = 3P + 1 (e) 11 (f) 15
7. (a) Q = 3P; 36, 16, 30 (b) N = 2M + 1; 23, 16, 28
(c) T = 3R – 1; 41, 9, 16 (d) K = D – 1; 19, 32, 69
(e) A = 3V – 3; 42, 20, 25

Number patterns
EXAM QUESTIONS
1. (a) 85; 145 (b) C = 12n + 25
2. (a) 3, 6, 9, 21 (b) c = 3b – 3 (c) 20
3. (a) 12, 16, 44 (b) p = 4w – 4 (c) 20
4. (a) 14, 17, 32 (b) B = 3N + 2
5. (a) 3, 5, 9, 11, 23 (b) T = 2r – 1 (c) 20
Calculating the gradient of a straight line from horizontal and vertical distances
1 3 3 1
1. (a) (b) 4 (c) (d) 6 (e) (f)
2 10 4 8

5 1 2 3
2. (a) (b) (c) 1 (d) (e) 2 (f)
6 3 5 4

3 1 4 4
(g) (h) (i) (j)
2 3 3 3

2 1 3
3. (a) 1 (b) 2 (c) (d) 5 (e) (f)
3 3 2

1 3 1
(g) 3 (h)  (k)  (l) 1 (m) 6 (n) 
2 2 8

1 1 2
4. (a) 3 (b) (c) 1 (d)  (e) (f) 4
2 2 5

1 1
5. (a) 2 (b) (c) 4 (d) 3 (e)  (f) 2
2 3
Gradients
EXAM QUESTIONS

3 2
1.  2. 3. Suitable since 0·12 lies between 0·1 and 0·2
4 3
19 16
4. meets regulations since 0·47 < 0·5 5. or 0·38 6. or 0·41
50 39
3
7. or 0·43 8. Not safe since gradient is 2 which does not lies between 1·8 and 2
7
5
9. or 0·7
7

Calculating the circumference of a circle. Answers calculated using π = 3∙14.

1. (a) 31∙4 cm (b) 43∙96 cm (c) 18∙84 cm (d) 125∙6 cm
2. (a) 31∙4 cm (b) 62∙8 cm (c) 314 mm (d) 25∙12 cm
(e) 78∙5 mm (f) 94∙2 cm (g) 1570 mm (h) 188∙4 m
(i) 50∙24 mm (j) 47∙1 cm (k) 157 cm (l) 628 cm
3. (a) 8cm (b) 10 cm (c) 30 cm (d) 18 mm
(e) 20 m (f) 28 cm (g) 6m (h) 24 mm
(i) 16 cm (j) 50 mm (k) 3m (l) 48 cm
4. (a) 62∙8 cm (b) 94∙2 cm (c) 314 cm (d) 188∙4 mm
(e) 18∙84 m (f) 31∙4 m (g) 25∙12 m (h) 125∙6 cm
(i) 12∙56 m (j) 75∙36 cm (k) 157 cm (l) 628 cm
5. 141∙3 cm 6. 75∙36 cm
7. 43∙96 cm 8. 33∙284 cm
9. 596∙6 mm 10. 10 m 11. 24cm

Calculating the area of a circle. Answers calculated with π = 3∙14

1. (a) 314 cm² (b) 1256 cm² (c) 31400 mm² (d) 200∙96 cm²
(e) 1962∙5 mm² (f) 2826 cm² (g) 785000 mm² (h) 11304 m²
(i) 803∙84 mm² (j) 706∙5 cm² (k) 7850 cm² (l) 125600 cm²
2. (a) 2 cm (b) 2∙5 cm (c) 7∙5 cm (d) 4·5 mm
(e) 5m (f) 7 cm (g) 1∙5 m (h) 6 mm
(i) 4 cm (j) 0∙25 mm (k) 0∙8 m (l) 1∙25 cm
3. (a) 78∙5 cm² (b) 200∙96 cm² (c) 1962∙5 cm² (d) 706∙5 mm²
(e) 3∙14 m² (f) 113∙04 m² (g) 12∙56 m² (h) 314 cm²
(i) 7∙065 m² (j) 19∙625 cm² (k) 490∙625 cm² (l) 7850 cm²
4. (a) 7∙065 cm² (b) 78∙5 cm² (c) 0∙785 cm² (d) 314 cm²
5. 0∙785 m² 6. 314 cm²
7. 1017∙36 cm² 8. 192∙325 mm²
9. (a) 12∙56 cm² (b) 188∙4 cm² (c) 240 cm² (d) 5∙6 cm²
10. (a) 14∙13 m² (b) 45∙87 m² (c) £365.240

Calculating the circumference and area of a circle

1. (a) 31∙4cm (b) 25∙12mm (c) 3∙768m
(d) 21∙98cm (e) 78∙5cm (f) 31∙4cm
(g) 69∙08mm (h) 5∙652m (i) 75∙36cm (j) 11∙304m
2. (a) 50∙24cm (b) 18∙84m (c) 87∙92cm (d) 9∙42cm
3. (a) 50∙24cm² (b) 153∙86mm² (c) 452∙16cm²
(d) 2∙5434m² (e) 907∙46cm² (f) 3215∙36mm²
4. (a) 200·96cm² (b) 28·26mm² (c) 615·44cm² (d) 7·065cm²
5. (a) 157cm² (b) 88·3125cm² (c) 330·0925cm²
6. (a) 113·04cm (b) 1017·36cm²
7. (a) 2461·76mm² (b) 175·84mm
8. (a) 51·4cm (b) 38·55cm (c) 74·53cm
9. (a) 15·072cm; 18·0864cm² (b) 200·96mm; 3215·36mm²
(c) 59·66cm; 283·385cm² (d) 9·42cm; 7·065cm²
(e) 7·536m; 4·5216m²
10. (a) 5538·96cm² (b) 19·468m (c) 206·0154cm² (d) 251·2cm
11. 2340·8cm² 12. 3047·84cm²
13. (a) 615·44cm; 87·92cm² (b) 7 turns 14. radius = 2·5cm; 15·7cm

Calculating the area of a parallelogram, kite and trapezium

1. (a) 45cm² (b) 253cm² (c) 108cm² (d) 120cm²
2. 300cm² 3. 10
4. (a) 128cm² (b) 40cm² (c) 115·52cm²
(d) 300 cm² (e) 12 cm² (f) 135 cm²
5. (a) 12·5cm (b) 18cm
6. (a) 138 cm² (b) 32 cm² (c) 39·78 cm²
(d) 80 cm² (e) 21·16 cm² (f) 34·56 cm²
7. (a) 88 cm² (b) 375 cm² (c) 17· 4cm²
(d) 88 cm² (e) 32·9 cm² (f) 180 cm² (g) 486 cm²
8 (a) 112·5 cm² (b) 375 cm² (c) 32·6 cm²
(d) 147·25 cm² (e) 216 cm² (f) 28·86 cm² (g) 145·5 cm²

Investigating the surface of a prism

1. cube, 6, 12, 8; triangular prism, 5, 9, 6; cylinder, 3, 2, 0;
cone, 2, 1, 1 pyramid, 5, 8, 5
2. (a) cube and pyramid (b) 9 (c) 12 (d) 9
3. (a) hemisphere and cone, 2, 1, 1 (b) cylinder and cone, 3, 2, 1
4. (a) tetrahedron (b) cube (c) cylinder (d) triangular prism
(e) cuboid (f) cylinder (g) triangular prism (h) cube
5 Nets sketched
. (a) 344 cm3 (b) 348 cm3 (c) 336 cm3 (d) 1128 cm3
(e) 1056 cm3 (f) 7392 cm3 (g) 602·88 cm3 (h) 401·92 cm3

Calculating the volume of a prism

1. (a) 72 cm3 (b) 120 m3 (c) 160 cm3 (d) 12000 mm3
(e) 12 cm3 (f) 343 m3 (g) 616 cm3
2. (a) 864 cm3 (b) 648 mm3 (c) 5000 cm3
(d) 840 m3 (e) 198 mm3 (f) 94·6 cm3
3. (a) 216 cm3 (b) 64 mm3 (c) 2744 cm3 (d) 12167 mm3

4. (a) 3 litres (b) 2·4 litres (c) 12·6 litres (d) 0·6 litre
(e) 1·46 litres (f) 0·48 litre (g) 320 litres (h) 2·565 litres
5. (a) 2·4 litres (b) 2·16 litres (c) 4·2 litres

Calculating the volume of a cylinder

1. (a) 62·8cm3 (b) 384·65cm3 (c) 15·7cm3
(d) 2797·74mm3
2. 117·8cm3, 3391·2mm3, 769·3cm3, 17·8m3
3. 330ml
4. 2000ml (2 litres)
5. 753·6cm3 6. 360litres

Calculating the volume of a triangular prism

1. (a) 30cm3 (b) 81cm3 (c) 315cm3
(d) 936cm3 (e) 604·8cm³
2. (a) 5 (b) 24

Calculating the volume of other prisms

(a) 27·6m³ (b) 36m³ (c) 1380cm³
(d) 1152cm³ (f) 71·5m³ (g) 12·72m³

Applying geometric skills to circumference, area and volume

EXAM QUESTIONS
1. 4cm 2. 2460cm³ 3. 1134000 cm3

4. 67 cm2 5. yes; since 1575 > 150 6. 1645cm2

7. Josh was wrong (4239 > 420) 8. (a) 4000cm3 (b) 8 blocks / 40cm
9. (a) 54 litres (b) 9cm 10. 54 bottles 11. diagram of net

12. 264cm2 13. 54152cm2 14. 6cm

15. (a) 1728 cm3 (b) 864cm2 (c) 10∙7cm
16. (a) 145cm2 (b) 304∙5grams 17. 2711 cm2 18. 426cm²
19. 83 cuboids 20. (a) triangular prism (b) 49·2cm2
20. diagram of net

Using rotational symmetry

Exercise 1
1. (a) 2 (b) 5 (c) 6 (d) 6 (e) 4 (f) 5
(g) 4 (h) 9 (i) 7 (j) 3 (k) 4 (l) 10
(m) 3 (n) 3 (o) 2

Exercise 2

1.
(a) (b) (c)

(d)

(e)

(f) (g) (h)

(i) (j)
2. (a) (b) (c)

(d)

3.
(c)
(a) (b)

(d)

(f)
(e)
4. (a) (b)
C C

(c) (d)
C

C
(e) (f)

C
5. Diagrams showing rotational symmetry of order 3.

6.
(a) (b)

(c) (d)

(e) (f)
7.
(a)
(b) (b)

C
C

(c) (d)

(e)

C
Using Rotational Symmetry
EXAM QUESTIONS
1. 2.

3. 4.

C X

5. 6.

7. 8.

O
O
Applying statistical skills to representing and analysing data and to probability
Constructing a frequency table with class intervals from raw data

1. 30  39, 40  49, 50  59, 60  69, 70  79, 80  89 frequencies 2, 5, 5, 9, 5, 4

2. 20  24, 25  29, 30  34, 35  39, 40  44, 45  49, 50  54 frequencies 4, 5, 7, 5, 4, 3, 2

3. 100 – 109 etc frequencies 2, 7, 4, 5, 5, 4, 3, 3

4. 0 – 4, 5 – 9 etc frequencies 10, 6, 8, 9, 3, 3, 1

5. 0 – 4, 5 – 9 etc frequencies 7, 7, 8, 9, 5, 4

Determining mean, median, mode and range of a data set

1. mean median mode range 2. mean median mode range

(a) 11·09 12 13 6 (a) 7 7 7 8
(b) 51·8 52 51 3 (b) 6 5 3 14
(c) 4·3 5·3 5·3 5·6 (c) 2·3 2·2 2·2 1·8
(d) 12 12 14 9 (d) 84·6 85 81 10
(e) 15 15 15 18 (e) 2·5 2 2 3
(f) 12 12 14 7 (f) 1·2 1·0 0·8 1·6
(g) 0·39 0·40 0·43 0·14 (g) 323 322 308 35
(h) 5 5 5 6 (h) 13·2 12·15 9·7 11·2

3. 339·4, 322 4. 3·4, 3·4, 1·6 5. (a) 2·75, 3, 4 (b) 3

6. (a) 6 (b) 2·5 (c) 3, 3

7. 6·5, 7, 8 8. 4, 4, 4
9. (a) paper 1 (b) paper 1 – 70, 73 paper 2 – 55, 70
 Interpreting calculated statistics to compare data

1. (a) size 7 (b) mode 2. Yes. Mean = 48, median = 48

3. (a) 26, 25, 25 (b) below (c) 24, 25, 25 (d) above the mean

4. (a) 17000, 15000, 15000 (b) median

5. (a) 785 b. 36110

6. (a) A: 2 teams of 14, 15, 16, 17, 18 B: 14, 14, 15, 16, 18 & 14, 15, 16, 16, 17

(b) No. Mean age = 16·2

7. mode (22) 8. (a) £21.22 (b) less than mean (just over half)

9. Yes. Mean = 1499·6

Representing raw data in a pie chart

1.(a) Number of Angle in (b)

Station people piechart
24
Clyde 1 24  360  144o
60

8
Clyde 2 8  360  48o
60

14
Radio 1 14  360  84o
60

5
Radio2 5  360  30o
60

9
Scot fm 9  360  54o
60

2. (a) 92o, 112o, 44o, 72o, 28o, 12o (b) 105o, 126o, 78o, 51o
(c) 120o, 96o, 48o, 72o, 24o (d) 120o, 150o, 25o, 45o, 20o
3. 36o, 153o, 72o, 99o
Using Probability
1 3
1. (a) /6 (b) /6 (or 1/2 ) (c) 3
/6 (or ½)
1 1
2. (a) ½ (b) /6 (c) ¼ (d) /12
4
3. (a) ¼ (b) ½ (c) /52or 1/13 (d) 3
/13 (e) 1
/52 (f) 1
/26
3 1 7
4. (a) ½ (b) /10 (c) /5 (d) /10
1 3
5. (a) /8 (b) ½ (c) /8 (d) ¼ (e) ½ (f) ¼
1 1 2
6. (a) /20 (b) /5 (c) ½ (d) /5 (e) ¼ (f) ¼
7. Diagram
1 1
8. (a) /6 (b) ½ (c) ½ (d) /3 (e) 1/3
1 5
9. (a) /8 (b) /8 (c) ½
2 2 4
10. (a) /13 (b) /13 (c) 0 (d) /13
4 7 2
11. (a) /11 (b) /11 (c) /11
1 3
12. (a) ½ (b) /8 (c) /8
1 1
13. (a) ½ (b) /10 (c) 0 (d) /5
7 1 1
14. (a) /8 (b) /10 (c) /8
1 3
15. (a) /20 (b) ¼ (c) /5
3 15 1 3
16. (a) /8 (b) /32 (c) /16 (d) /32
Applying statistical skills to representing and analysing data and to probability
EXAM QUESTIONS

1. (a) 51 (b) (i) 50·5 (ii) 50 (iii) 9

2. 0·2 3. 72 winning squares 4. 26/55 5. 20; 30

6. 5/24 7. (a) 1·2 (b) 8/95

8. (a) 8, 27 (b) 3/15 or 1/5

9. 3·6 10. (a) 15 (b) 12 (c) above the mean

11. (a) 1/5 (b) 5/14 12. Angles 60o, 120o, 60o, 30o, 90o 13. 1/5

14. frequencies 5, 5, 8, 10, 5, 4, 3 3/10 15. 3/5

16. (a) 49·8 (b) (i) 50·5 (ii) 51 (iii) 15

17. ¼ 18. ½ 19. 13 years
20. 69˚, 120˚, 63˚, 51˚, 57˚ 21. (a) 2, 4, 8, 3, 3, 7, 9, 3 (b) 7/39
22. 28·5; 48 23. Head and even number with reason
24. 13·0, 13, no mode, 6
25. (a) 1/3 (b) 4/17
26. 56; 27 27. 15·2 hours

28. (a) – 2oC (b) – 4oC

29. 72o, 54o, 84o, 54o, 48o, 48o

30. 2/3