SL Week 6 Revision - Probability and Statistics Questions

1a. [2 marks]

The following box-and-whisker plot shows the number of text messages sent by students in a school on
a particular day.

Find the value of the interquartile range.

1b. [4 marks]

One student sent k text messages, where k > 11 . Given that k is an outlier, find the least value of k.

2a. [2 marks]

A data set has n items. The sum of the items is 800 and the mean is 20.

Find n.

2b. [1 mark]

The standard deviation of this data set is 3. Each value in the set is multiplied by 10.

Write down the value of the new mean.

2c. [3 marks]

Find the value of the new variance.

3a. [3 marks]

Pablo drives to work. The probability that he leaves home before 07:00 is .

If he leaves home before 07:00 the probability he will be late for work is .

If he leaves home at 07:00 or later the probability he will be late for work is .

Copy and complete the following tree diagram.

Find the probability that Pablo leaves home before 07:00 and is late for work.

3c. [3 marks]

Find the probability that Pablo is late for work.

3d. [3 marks]

Given that Pablo is late for work, find the probability that he left home before 07:00.

3e. [3 marks]

Two days next week Pablo will drive to work. Find the probability that he will be late at least once.

4a. [2 marks]

A biased four-sided die is rolled. The following table gives the probability of each score.

Find the value of k.

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4b. [2 marks]

Calculate the expected value of the score.

4c. [2 marks]

The die is rolled 80 times. On how many rolls would you expect to obtain a three?

5a. [2 marks]

Two events A and B are such that P(A) = 0.62 and P = 0.18.

Find P(A ∩ B′ ).

5b. [4 marks]

Given that P((A ∪ B)′ ) = 0.19, find P(A | B′ ).

6a. [3 marks]

The following table shows values of ln x and ln y.

The relationship between ln x and ln y can be modelled by the regression equation ln y = a ln x + b.

Find the value of a and of b.

6b. [3 marks]

Use the regression equation to estimate the value of y when x = 3.57.

6c. [7 marks]

The relationship between x and y can be modelled using the formula y = kxn, where k ≠ 0 , n ≠ 0 , n ≠ 1.

By expressing ln y in terms of ln x, find the value of n and of k.

7a. [2 marks]

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 The weights, in grams, of oranges grown in an orchard, are normally distributed with a mean of 297 g.
It is known that 79 % of the oranges weigh more than 289 g and 9.5 % of the oranges weigh more than
310 g.

Find the probability that an orange weighs between 289 g and 310 g.

7b. [2 marks]

The weights of the oranges have a standard deviation of σ.

Find the standardized value for 289 g.

7c. [3 marks]

Hence, find the value of σ.

7d. [3 marks]

The grocer at a local grocery store will buy the oranges whose weights exceed the 35th percentile.

To the nearest gram, find the minimum weight of an orange that the grocer will buy.

7e. [5 marks]

The orchard packs oranges in boxes of 36.

Find the probability that the grocer buys more than half the oranges in a box selected at random.

7f. [2 marks]

The grocer selects two boxes at random.

Find the probability that the grocer buys more than half the oranges in each box.

8a. [3 marks]

The following table shows the mean weight, y kg , of children who are x years old.

The relationship between the variables is modelled by the regression line with equation .

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 Find the value of a and of b.

8b. [1 mark]

Write down the correlation coefficient.

8c. [2 marks]

Use your equation to estimate the mean weight of a child that is 1.95 years old.

9a. [2 marks]

The mass M of apples in grams is normally distributed with mean μ. The following table shows
probabilities for values of M.

Write down the value of k.

9b. [2 marks]

Show that μ = 106.

9c. [5 marks]

Find P(M < 95) .

9d. [3 marks]

The apples are packed in bags of ten.

Any apples with a mass less than 95 g are classified as small.

Find the expected number of bags in this crate that contain at most one small apple.

9e. [2 marks]

Find the probability that at least 48 bags in this crate contain at most one small apple.

10a. [3 marks]

A bag contains 5 green balls and 3 white balls. Two balls are selected at random without replacement.

Complete the following tree diagram.

Find the probability that exactly one of the selected balls is green.

11a. [4 marks]

A discrete random variable has the following probability distribution.

Find the value of .

11b. [1 mark]

Write down .

11c. [3 marks]

Find .

12. [7 marks]

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 The heights of adult males in a country are normally distributed with a mean of 180 cm and a standard
deviation of . 17% of these men are shorter than 168 cm. 80% of them have heights between

and 192 cm.

Find the value of .

13a. [3 marks]

Adam is a beekeeper who collected data about monthly honey production in his bee hives. The data for
six of his hives is shown in the following table.

The relationship between the variables is modelled by the regression line with equation .

Write down the value of and of .

13b. [2 marks]

Use this regression line to estimate the monthly honey production from a hive that has 270 bees.

13c. [1 mark]

Adam has 200 hives in total. He collects data on the monthly honey production of all the hives. This
data is shown in the following cumulative frequency graph.

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 Adam’s hives are labelled as low, regular or high production, as defined in the following table.

Write down the number of low production hives.

13d. [3 marks]

Adam knows that 128 of his hives have a regular production.

Find the value of ;

Find the number of hives that have a high production.

13f. [3 marks]

Adam decides to increase the number of bees in each low production hive. Research suggests that there
is a probability of 0.75 that a low production hive becomes a regular production hive. Calculate the
probability that 30 low production hives become regular production hives.

14a. [2 marks]

In a group of 20 girls, 13 take history and 8 take economics. Three girls take both history and
economics, as shown in the following Venn diagram. The values and represent numbers of girls.

Find the value of ;

14b. [2 marks]

Find the value of .

14c. [2 marks]

A girl is selected at random. Find the probability that she takes economics but not history.

15a. [6 marks]

The following table shows the probability distribution of a discrete random variable , in terms of an
angle .
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 Show that .

15b. [3 marks]

Given that , find .

15c. [6 marks]

Let , for . The graph of between and is rotated 360° about the -
axis. Find the volume of the solid formed.

16a. [1 mark]

Jim heated a liquid until it boiled. He measured the temperature of the liquid as it cooled. The following
table shows its temperature, degrees Celsius, minutes after it boiled.

Write down the independent variable.

16b. [1 mark]

Write down the boiling temperature of the liquid.

16c. [2 marks]

Jim believes that the relationship between and can be modelled by a linear regression equation.

Jim describes the correlation as very strong. Circle the value below which best represents the
correlation coefficient.

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16d. [2 marks]

Jim’s model is , for . Use his model to predict the decrease in

17a. [1 mark]

The random variable is normally distributed with a mean of 100. The following diagram shows the
normal curve for .

Let be the shaded region under the curve, to the right of 107. The area of is 0.24.

Write down .

17b. [3 marks]

Find .

17c. [2 marks]

Find .

18a. [2 marks]

A city hired 160 employees to work at a festival. The following cumulative frequency curve shows the
number of hours employees worked during the festival.

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 Find the median number of hours worked by the employees.

18b. [1 mark]

Write down the number of employees who worked 50 hours or less.

18c. [1 mark]

The city paid each of the employees £8 per hour for the first 40 hours worked, and £10 per hour for
each hour they worked after the first 40 hours.

Find the amount of money an employee earned for working 40 hours;

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18d. [3 marks]

Find the amount of money an employee earned for working 43 hours.

18e. [3 marks]

Find the number of employees who earned £200 or less.

18f. [4 marks]

Only 10 employees earned more than £ . Find the value of .

19a. [1 mark]

Consider the following frequency table.

Write down the mode.

19b. [2 marks]

Find the value of the range.

19c. [2 marks]

Find the mean.

19d. [2 marks]

Find the variance.

20a. [2 marks]

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 In a large university the probability that a student is left handed is 0.08. A sample of 150 students is
randomly selected from the university. Let be the expected number of left-handed students in this
sample.

Find .

20b. [2 marks]

Hence, find the probability that exactly students are left handed;

20c. [2 marks]

Hence, find the probability that fewer than students are left handed.

21a. [2 marks]

A random variable is normally distributed with mean, . In the following diagram, the shaded region
between 9 and represents 30% of the distribution.

Find .

21b. [3 marks]

The standard deviation of is 2.1.

Find the value of .

21c. [5 marks]

The random variable is normally distributed with mean and standard deviation 3.5. The events

and are independent, and .

Find .
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21d. [5 marks]

Given that , find .

22a. [2 marks]

The following table shows a probability distribution for the random variable , where .

Find .

22b. [2 marks]

Find .

22c. [1 mark]

A bag contains white and blue marbles, with at least three of each colour. Three marbles are drawn
from the bag, without replacement. The number of blue marbles drawn is given by the random variable
.

Write down the probability of drawing three blue marbles.

22d. [1 mark]

Explain why the probability of drawing three white marbles is .

22e. [3 marks]

The bag contains a total of ten marbles of which are white. Find .

22f. [4 marks]

A game is played in which three marbles are drawn from the bag of ten marbles, without replacement.
A player wins a prize if three white marbles are drawn.

Grant plays the game until he wins two prizes. Find the probability that he wins his second prize on his
eighth attempt.
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23a. [3 marks]

The maximum temperature , in degrees Celsius, in a park on six randomly selected days is shown in
the following table. The table also shows the number of visitors, , to the park on each of those six
days.

The relationship between the variables can be modelled by the regression equation .

Find the value of and of .

23b. [1 mark]

Write down the value of .

23c. [3 marks]

Use the regression equation to estimate the number of visitors on a day when the maximum
temperature is 15 °C.

24. [2 marks]

Jill plays the game nine times. Find the probability that she wins exactly two prizes.

25a. [2 marks]

Events and are independent with and .

Find .

25b. [4 marks]

Find .

26a. [3 marks]

The weights, , of newborn babies in Australia are normally distributed with a mean 3.41 kg and
standard deviation 0.57 kg. A newborn baby has a low birth weight if it weighs less than kg.

Given that 5.3% of newborn babies have a low birth weight, find .

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26b. [3 marks]

A newborn baby has a low birth weight.

Find the probability that the baby weighs at least 2.15 kg.

27a. [1 mark]

A jar contains 5 red discs, 10 blue discs and green discs. A disc is selected at random and replaced.
This process is performed four times.

Write down the probability that the first disc selected is red.

27b. [5 marks]

Let be the number of red discs selected. Find the smallest value of for which .

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