SPE/IADC 118806

Use of Liner Drilling Technology as a Solution to Hole Instability and Loss

Intervals: A Case Study Offshore Indonesia
Liao Jianhua, SPE, Andrias Darmawan, SPE, and Zhao Chao, SPE, CNOOC SES Ltd., and Steve Rosenberg,
SPE, Keith Hillis, SPE, and Budi Utama, Weatherford International Ltd.

Copyright 2009, SPE/IADC Drilling Conference and Exhibition

This paper was prepared for presentation at the SPE/IADC Drilling Conference and Exhibition held in Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 17–19 March 2009.

This paper was selected for presentation by an SPE/IADC program committee following review of information contained in an abstract submitted by the author(s). Contents of the paper have
not been reviewed by the Society of Petroleum Engineers or the International Association of Drilling Contractors and are subject to correction by the author(s). The material does not
necessarily reflect any position of the Society of Petroleum Engineers or the International Association of Drilling Contractors, its officers, or members. Electronic reproduction, distribution, or
storage of any part of this paper without the written consent of the Society of Petroleum Engineers or the International Association of Drilling Contractors is prohibited. Permission to
reproduce in print is restricted to an abstract of not more than 300 words; illustrations may not be copied. The abstract must contain conspicuous acknowledgment of SPE/IADC copyright.

Abstract
The Banuwati field offshore South East Sumatra, Indonesia presents major challenges to both drilling and liner running
operations, because of the problematic Lower Baturaja limestone formation, which is a carbonate reef structure known for
severe lost circulation conditions. The operator had previously experienced severe losses with wellbore stability issues while
drilling this formation with the inability to set the 7-in. drilling liner at the planned depth in well A-3. The liner had to be
pulled out of the hole leading to the eventual abandonment of the existing open hole section and resulted in the sidetracking
of the well. Liner-while-drilling technology was identified as the most suitable solution for setting the planned 7-in. drilling
liner through the loss interval because:
• Documented lost circulation problems have been minimized or eliminated through the use of liner drilling
technology possibly attributed to the "smear effect"1 phenomenon.
• The liner system selected provided for high torsional capability as well as the requirement for both a mechanical and
a pressure event to release the setting tool, thus minimizing the chances of premature release.
• A drill shoe with a displaceable PDC cutting structure was used to drill the 8 1/2-in. hole section and subsequently
displaced prior to cementing so as to allow drill out with a conventional drill bit and BHA.
This paper will discuss the implementation of liner drilling technology in the Banuwati field project. This technology was
used to drill successfully through the known lost circulation zone with the 7-in. liner cemented in place allowing the operator
to reach their completion objectives while realizing a savings of more than US$1 million.

Introduction
The Banuwati Field is located in the Java Sea some 40 miles off the east coast of Sumatra Island, and approximately 75 miles
northeast of Jakarta, in 71 ft of water (See Fig. 1). Gas accumulation in the Banuwati area was not discovered until the late
1970s, even though there were exploration drillings as early as 1970. Banuwati-1, drilled in 1970, encountered oil in the
Banuwati Formation but failed to reveal gas potential because the gas bearing Talang Akar intervals were faulted out in the
well. Banuwati-2 was drilled in 1979 and discovered the Banuwati Gas Field, a major gas pool. The gas potential of this
field was further confirmed through a full-scale delineation campaign during 1992-1993 consisting of the drilling of
Banuwati-3, 4 and 5 and Martini-1, an up thrown fault block adjacent to the Banuwati Field.

Currently there are five producing gas wells in the field. Banuwati A-3 production comes from the 10,000–10,300’
MD/5450’ TVD Lower Batu Raja Limestone and Gita A Sand formations, where is original Banuwati -4 exploration well
targets.(See Fig. 2). However, because the well track intersected a NW-SE fault twice, and also due to the presence of
reactive shale formations, and in particular the lower Miocene Batu Raja limestone formation which is a zone of total lost
circulation overlaying the productive Gita Sand, the drilling and completion of the wells has to overcome both well bore
instability and total lost circulation challenges in one hole section. Conventional drilling methods and attempts to deal with
the hole problems that existed in the A-3 well lead to extended well construction time resulting in three sidetracking
operations, incurring costly non-productive time (NPT). In early 2007 during the drilling of the A-3 well, 9 5/8-in. casing
was set at 8,487 ft MD. Attempts to drill an 8 1/2-in. section through the problem zones with the objective of setting a 7-in.
liner to cover the Lower Baturaja lost circulation zone , where is the first pay zone interval, were unsuccessful. As a result
the well was temporarily abandoned, while alternative methods of drilling through the trouble zones were considered.
2 SPE/IADC 118806

Plans for Re-Drilling Well A-3.

After a full review of the problems encountered in drilling well A-3, it was concluded that a different approach would be
needed to combat the severity of the hole conditions and it was decided to re-enter the well and use Drilling with Liner
(DwL) technology to drill through the problem zones. While making this decision, the following features of DwL were
considered to offer the best opportunity of achieving the desired result of setting the 7-in. liner at the target depth:
• A history of minimizing or even eliminating lost circulation problems using DwL has been established in the
industry. This is thought to be due in part to the existence of the “smear effect”1, a phenomenon wherein it is
conjectured that the proximity of the casing wall to the borehole results in cuttings being smeared against the
formation creating an impermeable wall cake.
• This same proximity results in considerably higher annular velocities for a given circulation rate as compared to
conventional drilling, leading to better hole cleaning while drilling—a necessity when drilling through unstable
shale sections.
• Minimal or no hole preparation is required as in regular drilling practices because the liner can be landed and
cemented almost immediately on reaching target depth with minimal delay for circulation.
• The rigidity of the liner being used as part of the drill string would lead to maintenance of both deviation and
azimuth within the parameters of the existing 8 1/2- in. hole.

Equipment Selection.
Because of the demanding nature of the proposed DwL operation with the extremes of loads and torques to which the liner
and the liner hanging equipment would be exposed on a long term basis, the choice of equipment was critical to the success
of the project. Following are descriptions of the equipment components chosen and the reasons for so doing:
• A 7-in., 26 lb-ft, L80, 13% Cr, Vam TOP liner connection was used following fatigue analysis of estimated loads
and number of cycles to failure (see Fig. 3) based on the maximum dogleg severity (DLS) of 4.86º/100 ft. and the
development of a torque and drag model based on projected drilling parameters (see Fig. 4 and 5). This connection
satisfied fatigue as well as the torque, tensile, compression and bending load requirements for the planned liner
drilling operation in a high-angle hole (67º).
• After review of bit performance in offset wellbores, the 7 × 8 1/2-in. DrillShoe III2 was selected as the most suitable
to drill the required interval. The 7 × 8 1/2-in. DrillShoe III (DS III) was selected as the cutting structure most
suitable for the subject application. No samples of the problem formation had been circulated to the surface in
previous attempts, so it was decided to go with a cutting structure with more than sufficient integrity to drill the
proposed hole interval. The DS III is a five-bladed PDC bit with features that allow it to be converted to a drillable
casing shoe at total depth (TD) to enable shoe-track drill-out with conventional drill bits–either PDC or roller cone.
The cutting structure is designed for formations with confined compressive strengths (CCS) of 15,000 psi and as
much as 20,000 psi CCS for limited intervals (see Fig. 6). The DS III uses 13-mm PDC cutters and tungsten
carbide gauge protection. The gauge section is designed to allow back-reaming capability. Additionally, it can be
fitted with drillable copper or ceramic nozzles instead of the tungsten carbide nozzles used in conventional bits
which can severely damage the subsequent shoe-track drill-out bit.

The DS III performs as a PDC bit until TD is reached, at which time a ball is dropped into the liner running string,
allowed to fall to the ball-funnel inside the bit, blocking the drilling nozzles from fluid flow. The casing string is then
pressured up to approximately 2,000 psi, and shear pins are sheared, forcing the tool's inner piston downward. This
action displaces the steel blades and PDC cutting structure into the casing-open hole annulus. At the same time,
cementing circulation ports are exposed. Fluid circulation is reestablished through these cementing ports as the tool's
inner sleeve slides down with a latching mechanism engaging at full stroke. The stroke of the tool is engineered to fully
displace the entire cutting structure to the annulus, which eventually is cemented in place. The center piston exposed is
fully drillable with conventional roller-cone and PDC bits (a special bit or mill run is not required, thus eliminating a
costly milling trip).3 (see Fig. 7).
• Located 10.77 ft above the DS III was a double-flapper float collar (see Fig. 8) which allowed the passage of both
the 1.75-in. OD bit conversion ball and the 2 1/8-in. OD liner setting tool release ball. This float collar served two
purposes: 1) as a mechanical well control barrier in the same way as a drill pipe float valve in normal drilling
operations. 2) As a one-way check valve system to prevent U-tubing of the primary cement job. The landing collar
was placed one joint above the float collar to accept the liner wiper plug at the end of the primary cementing
procedure.
• The liner hanger system used for these types of demanding installations has to be able to withstand the same extreme
dynamic forces that are encountered by open hole drilling tools, while still being able to perform its designated
functions at the final installation depth. Conventional hydraulic liner hanger systems on the market are usually set
when a differential pressure is placed across a piston, and/or cylinder—a shear-pinned ball seat typically determines
the setting pressures of all hydraulically activated components which can be problematic when this type of system is
run in a wellbore with hole stability issues and severe losses. The shear pin ratings can be down rated due to
SPE/IADC 118806 3

constantly changing fluid levels within the wellbore. Couple this with hole stability issues, and this can lead to
unexpected events when running a hydraulic liner hanger. In the earlier attempt to drill well A-3, severe losses and
hole stability issues were encountered so, in order to control the losses and to retain well control while allowing for
the highest of flow rates and pressures to be used for drilling purposes, an alternative liner hanger activation system
was indicated. The solution was a mechanically expanded ball seat, which is a patent-pending hydraulic liner setting
system that prevents the ball seat from being sheared out with a pressure event before the liner hanger is set and
released (See Fig. 9). Because the ball seat does not open with pressure there is no resultant surge, which gives the
option to pin the hydraulic liner hangers to a higher activation pressure than previously possible, which in turn can
prevent premature setting from pressure events during run in and liner drilling operations. The ability to go to
higher setting pressures also enhances slip-to-casing engagement in challenging well conditions, increasing the
probability of setting the liner hanger successfully. The mechanically expanded ball seat also uses mechanical
manipulation of the running tools after the liner hanger is set to open up the ball seat providing unrestricted drill pipe
dart passage. Coupled to the mechanically expanded ball seat is a hydraulically locked, mechanically released liner
hanger setting tool (see Fig. 10). This type of tool is run as part of the liner hanger running tool assembly and
supports the liner as it is deployed allowing rotation as required when running in the well. When the liner hanger is
set using hydraulic pressure, the cylinder on the setting tool is sheared and the tool can then be mechanically
released by set-down weight coupled with right-handed rotation.
• The operational requirements dictated the use of a heavy-duty liner hanger system complete with a liner hanger,
liner top packer, and tie back completion PBR. These components would not only have to be competent enough to
suspend the liner load and seal the annulus after cementing operations, but also be capable of transmitting the
required torque and dynamic forces needed to drill the open hole section of this wellbore. The liner hanger system
chosen was a premium hydraulic set rotating liner hanger, which was designed for use in deep, high-angle
applications, for extended rotation periods, and to allow for maximum workability during deployment (See Fig. 11).
This type of liner hanger is equipped with special mechanical locking devices, which are deactivated when the
hydraulic setting pressure is reached, to prevent premature setting while running in the hole - this allows for the
highest of flow rates and pressures to be used, further aiding the workability of the system. The hanger is set by
applying hydraulic pressure to shear the pins in the cylinder which forces the connector ring and slips up the cone
and into the host casing and the liner weight is then transferred to the slips by lowering the running string. Once set,
the premium hydraulic rotating liner hanger is designed to be rotated during well cleaning and cementing operations
to ensure debris removal and the even distribution of cement.
• The liner top packer chosen was a mechanically set premium design which allows for extended rotation periods, and
maximum workability during deployment (See Fig. 12). The packing element is designed so that atmospheric
pressure is trapped under the element so, as the liner system is lowered into the wellbore, the hydrostatic pressure of
the fluid within the wellbore acts to simply vacuum it to the liner top packer mandrel. This acts to prevent swabbing
and premature setting, while keeping debris from under the packing element as it is circulated past, all of which can
affect the packer’s performance. The packer is set by simply raising the running string to expose the packer
actuator, forming a no-go which is set down on the PBR, and the weight transferred through the PBR shears the pins
in the packer allowing the element and slips to be set in the host casing and the ratchet rings to lock in the
compressive forces. It was supplied with a Tie Back Completion PBR utilizing a patented locking mechanism
designed to prevent the PBR from backing off when a liner system is manipulated through tight dogleg sections of a
wellbore or in high debris environment which can lead to costly fishing operations.
• Again, due to the application requiring optimum flow rates and pressures, concerns were raised about a conventional
wiper plug system that is typically reliant on being held in position by a series of shear screws. The extended
periods of flow could easily disrupt the holding capabilities of the shear screws allowing for an unexpected event
and so to mitigate this risk, a wiper plug was used with inbuilt mechanical locking devices to prevent premature
release. The operation of this type of wiper plug is simple—cement spacers are pumped, followed by the cement,
and the drill-pipe dart is then released and followed by a displacement fluid. Continued displacement then lands and
latches the drill-pipe dart in the wiper plug shear sleeve, the sleeve is sheared downward releasing the wiper plug
which eventually lands and latches in the landing collar profile.

The DrillShoe III and liner tool operating sequence is illustrated in Fig. 13.

Liner Drilling and Cementing Operations.

After the initial attempts to drill A-3 ST#2 were abandoned due to wellbore instability issues, the A-3 ST#3 commenced with
drilling an 8 1/2-in. hole with 67º of inclination to a depth of 9,968 ft MD (5,404 ft TVD) with 11 ppg synthetic base drilling
fluid. The Bohai IV independent leg slot jackup drilling rig with its top drive torque rating of 60,000 ft-lbs was used for the
A-3 ST#3 sidetrack and subsequent 7-in. liner drilling operation. The first operation conducted was a run to bottom with
drill pipe and a BHA with an 8 1/2-in. bit. This was carried out successfully and a 30 BBL hi-vis sweep was pumped and
circulated out of the well. A wiper trip was then made back to the 9 5/8-in. casing shoe at 8,487 ft MD (4,719 ft TVD) with
4 SPE/IADC 118806

the hole slick. The well was circulated bottoms up before running back to bottom and then three further bottoms up were
pumped before pulling out of the hole. All indications were that the hole was slick and in good condition and so the liner
drilling assembly was then run in the well consisting of the following components, amounting to a total length of 1,999.79 ft
from the DrillShoe III shoe to the top of the PBR:

• 8 ½-in. DrillShoe III with 5 × 14/32 nozzles × 7-in. 26 lb/ft New Vam Box.
• Crossover to 7-in. 26 lb/ft, 13% Cr, L-80 Vam TOP box up
• 7-in., 26 lb/ft, 13% Cr, L-80 Vam TOP pup joint ( with solid body centralizer - no stop rings)
• 7-in., 26 lb, L-80 New Vam Double Flapper Valve Float Collar with 7-in. New Vam to 7-in. Vam TOP Crossover.
• One joint of 7-in. 26lb/ft, 13% Cr, Vam TOP casing. (with solid body centralizer - no stop rings)
• 7-in., 26 lb, L-80 Landing Collar.
• 43 joints of 7-in. 26lb/ft 13% Cr, Vam TOP casing–the liner was filled every five joints when running in.
• Liner Hanger assembly size 7 × 9-5/8-in. 47 lb complete with hydraulically locked/mechanically released running
tool, 7 × 9 5/8-in., 47 lb liner top packer and 15.97 ft long PBR.

The hydraulic lock sleeve component of the running tool was shear pinned to 1,680 psi and the DrillShoe III was shear
pinned to 2,100 psi. Normal DwL procedures with hydraulic running tools dictate that circulating pressures not exceed
50%-60% of the hydraulic running tool's shear pin value. This will allow for sufficient safety factor should hole conditions
rapidly deteriorate and severe lost circulation and/or hole pack off occur as the running tool is sensitive to the differential
pressure created inside and outside the liner.
The 7-in. liner assembly was then run in the well on 5-in, 19.5 lb S-135, NC50 drill pipe filling the string every five
stands with no fluid losses being observed to a depth of 8,598 ft MD where the 7-in. liner began taking weight. The liner
was rotated at 20 rpm while pumping at 100 gpm, enabling the liner to be run to the existing 8 1/2-in. hole TD of 9,968 ft
MD. Circulation was continued at 350 gpm with 1,100 psi pump pressure while the liner was drilled to 10,110 ft MD with
the following drilling parameters:

RPM 80-100
WOB 2-20 Klb
Torque 10-20 Kft-lb
Flow Rate 350 GPM
Pump Pressure 1,100 psi
ROP 30 FPH

Severe mud losses were encountered at a depth of 10,110 ft MD with fluid loss estimated at 600 BPH. Liner drilling
continued, reducing pump rate to 100 gpm for the next five feet and then increasing pump rate to 200–300 gpm at a pump
pressure of 600 psi with the synthetic drilling fluid being changed to sea-water for the rest of the drilling process to the target
depth of 10,317 ft MD. Although massive losses were incurred while drilling without returns, the annulus was kept full with
8.6 ppg water base mud, 11.5 ppg synthetic base fluid and seawater. The ability to manage the annular fluid level is an
occurrence seen in DwL operations where massive losses occur. It is theorized this benefit results from the fact that the
smaller annular clearance between the 7-in. liner and 9 5/8-in. casing, and especially the tighter clearance at the liner top
between the PBR OD (8.25-in), liner top packer OD (8.276-in) and 9 5/8-in. casing ID is acting as a funnel restriction. This
geometry is thought to have significantly slowed down the fluid otherwise free-falling into the lost circulation zone. Also the
"smear effect"1 phenomenon, many times seen in casing and liner drilling as a mechanism for reduced losses, is thought to
have figured in the reduced rate of annular fluid loss.

The average rate of penetration (ROP) during the entire liner drilling operation was 31.7 FPH in 11 hrs. over a total DwL
distance of 349 ft.

Upon reaching target depth, the cement head and lines were installed and the 1 3/4-in. phenolic ball was dropped and pumped
down the 5" drill pipe and 7" liner with seawater to seat in the DrillShoe's ball seat. The PDC cutter blades were displaced
into the annulus with a surface pressure of 2,500 psi with a positive surface indication of the inner piston moving down and
opening up the 2.44 in2 of cementing ports. The 2 1/4-in. composite ball was then dropped and pumped to the liner setting
tool where it seated and the pressure was raised to 2,500 psi to set the hanger–this was verified by picking up and observing a
55 klb loss in liner weight. Subsequently the liner was cemented in place with 131 BBLS. of a 15.8 ppg Class G cement
slurry with partial returns seen at the surface after pumping 70 BBLS. of the cement slurry and during the displacement
process. The liner top packer was set with 80,000 lb. of set down weight and the liner lap and liner top packer were pressure
tested to 2,500 psi.
SPE/IADC 118806 5

A re-run 6-1/8-in., 4 blades/22 mm PDC bit with IADC S121 and conventional drilling BHA was run in the hole and cement,
landing collar and float collar were drilled out. The 9 5/8-in. casing, 7-in. liner and liner lap were pressure tested to 3,000 psi
successfully. The remaining shoe track and 7 × 8 1/2-in. DS III shoe was drilled out, and the rat hole was cleaned out to
10,317 ft MD, all in 1.5 hrs, without problem. This bit drilled the 6-1/8-in. production hole to 10,882 ft MD without problem
Fig. 14 shows the final wellbore schematic.

Liner Drilling Results.

This liner drilling operation was successfully completed and met expectations in combating the wellbore instability problems
associated with lost circulation and previous drilling operations associated with the A-3 well. It provides a means of getting a
liner to planned depth while mitigating the severe hole problems that conventional drilling techniques often encounter. The
following achievements and results are noted:
• Successfully drilled 7-in. liner 349 ft through a severe lost circulation zone enabling the liner shoe to be set at
planned depth where previous conventional drilling attempts were unsuccessful.
• Despite severe fluid losses through the DrillShoe III, the annular fluid level could be managed by filling the annulus
from surface.
• The DrillShoe III drill bit successfully drilled the required hole section.
• The DrillShoe III was successfully converted to a cementing shoe via a ball drop and pressure sequence.
• The liner was cemented in place within 5.5 hrs. of reaching TD with the liner hanger and packer set without
incident.
• The use of the liner drilling system saved a minimum of three days of rig time compared against the AFE for
conventional drilling, resulting in a savings of more than $1 million US.
• Subsequent directional surveys indicated that the liner drilling process had enabled maintenance of inclination
within 4º and azimuth to within 0.17º over the liner drilled section.
• The DrillShoe III was drilled out using the PDC bit planned for the next hole section (no dedicated mill run or
special drill out bit was expected or required)

Conclusions
• DwL can enable setting liner at planned depth through severe lost circulation and unstable wellbore intervals.
• The Drillshoe III is a proven tool for drilling with liner or casing, consistently drilling the required hole section, and
displacing PDC cutters to enable subsequent drillout with conventional bits.
• Liner drilling significantly reduces the fluid losses in the annulus when compared with conventional drilling,
possibly due to the "smear effect"1 and/or the reduced annular clearance created by the liner and related liner tools.
• Liner drilling systems are proven to maintain high-angle tangential sections over hundreds of feet.

Acknowledgements
The authors wish to thank CNOOC SES Ltd. for their permission to publish this paper and Weatherford International Ltd. for
their encouragement and assistance in doing so.

Nomenclature
BHA = Bottom Hole Assembly
BBLS = Barrels
CCS = Confined Compressive Strength
DLS = Dogleg Severity
DwC = Drilling with Casing
DwL = Drilling with Liner
DSIII = DrillShoe III
DwL = Drilling with Liner
FPH = Feet per Hour
GPM = Gallons per Minute
MD = Measured Depth
OD = Outside Diameter
PBR = Polished Bore Receptacle
ROP = Rate of Penetration
TD = Total Depth
TVD = True Vertical Depth
WOB = Weight on Bit
6 SPE/IADC 118806

References

1. Fontenot, K., Strickler, R and Molina P.: "Improved Wellbore Stability Achieved with Casing Drilling
Operations through Drilling Fluids "Smear Effect", paper WOCDWD-0431-04 presented at the World Oil 2004
Casing while Drilling Technical Conference, Houston, 30-31 March 2004.
2. McKay, D., Galloway, G., Dalrymple, K., “New Developments in the Technology of Drilling with Casing:
Utilizing a Displaceable DrillShoe Tool,” WOCD-0306-05, Presented World Oil Casing Drilling
Conference , Houston, TX, 6 March 2003
3. Robinson, R., Rosenberg, S., Lirette, B., Odell, A., "Combination of Drilling with Casing and Stage Tool
Cementing, a Unique Approach to Mitigating Downhole Conditions," SPE/IADC 105457, Presented SPE/IADC
Drilling Conference, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 20-22 February 2007

List of Figures
Fig. 1 Map of Banuwati area.
Fig 2 Banuwati A Wells' Spider
Fig. 3 Load and cycles to failure for 7 in. 26 lb/ft Vam TOP - 4.86º/ft DLS.
Fig. 4 Torque at depth plot from T&D analysis.
Fig. 5 Weight on bit plot from T&D analysis.
Fig. 6 DrillShoe III
Fig 7 DrillShoe III displacement process
Fig. 8 Double flapper float collar.
Fig. 9 Mechanically expanded ball seat.
Fig. 10 Liner Hanger setting tool.
Fig. 11 Liner Hanger.
Fig. 12 Liner top packer.
Fig. 13 Schematic of liner drilling and cementing system
Fig. 14 Banuwati A-3 ST#3 Wellbore Schematic

Figure 1 Banuwati Field Map

SPE/IADC 118806 7

Figure 2 Banuwati A Wells' Spider

8 SPE/IADC 118806

Figure 3 Stress Cycles Plot for 7 in., 26 lb, 13 Cr, Vam Top for 4.86º/100' DLS

Torque at Depth (ft-lbf)

0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000 16000 18000 20000 22000 24000 26000 28000 30000 32000 34000 36000 38000

2000

L EG EN D
R u n D e p th (ft)

4000 Rotate On Bottom - CHFF 0.20, OHFF 0.35

Rotate On Bottom - CHFF 0.20, OHFF 0.45
Rotate On Bottom - CHFF 0.20, OHFF 0.55
Rotate On Bottom - CHFF 0.30, OHFF 0.35
Rotate On Bottom - CHFF 0.30, OHFF 0.45
Rotate On Bottom - CHFF 0.30, OHFF 0.55
Make-up Torque
6000

8000

10000

Figure 4 Torque at Depth for Rotating on Bottom with CHFF 0.20 - 0.30 / OHFF 0.35 - 0.55; 10 Kips WOB , 1,000ft-lbf Torque at Bit
SPE/IADC 118806 9

Weight on Bit (kip)

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130

2000

L EG END
WOB to Sinusoidal Buckle (Rotating)
WOB to Helical Buckle (Rotating)
R u n D e p th (ft)

4000

6000

8000

10000

Figure 5 WOB Plot for Drilling with 10 Kips; 1,000 ft-lb Torque at Bit, CHFF 0.20 -0.30/OHFF 0.35 - 0.55

Figure 6 7 × 8 1/2-in. DrillShoe III is a 5-bladed PDC bit with 13 mm cutters

10 SPE/IADC 118806

Figure 7 DrillShoe III blade displacement process; left) Drill to TD, then right) Drop ball, pressure up to shear pins and displace
blades to the annulus.

Figure 8 Double Flapper Valve Float Collar

Pick-Up Sub Expander Mandrel

Expander Mandrel

Expandable Ball Seat

Figure 9 MX Ball Seat Sequence

SPE/IADC 118806 11

Figure 10 Liner Hanger Setting Tool

Figure 11 Rotating Liner Hanger

Figure 12 Mechanical Set Liner Top Packer

12 SPE/IADC 118806

1. Drill to TD

2. Drop DrillShoe (DS) conversion ball , convert DS; drop hanger setting ball, set hanger

3. Expand ball seat and release setting ball. Commence cement job, pump displacement, release DP wiper
dart and latch wiper dart in liner wiper plug (LWP)

4. Land LWP in landing collar. Check float valves.

5. Set and test liner top packer.

6. PU liner setting string and reverse out cement. POOH.

Figure 13 DrillShoe and Liner System Operational Sequence

SPE/IADC 118806 13

Figure 14 Banuwati A-3 ST#3 Wellbore Schematic