VERB TENSES

PRESENT SIMPLE OF THE VERB TO BE (= ser/estar)

AFIRMATIVA NEGATIVA INTERROGATIVA RESPUESTAS CORTAS

I am (I’m) I am not (I’m not) Am I…? Yes, I am. / No, I’m not.
You are (You’re) You are not (You aren’t) Are you…? Yes, you are. / No, you aren’t.
He is (He’s) He is not (He isn’t) Is he…? Yes, he is. / No, he isn’t.
She is (She’s) She is not (She isn’t) Is she…? Yes, she is. / No, she isn’t.
It is (It’s) It is not (It isn’t) Is it…? Yes, it is. / No, it isn’t.
We are (We’re) We are not (We aren’t) Are we…? Yes, we are. / No, we aren’t.
You are (You’re) You are not (You aren’t) Are you…? Yes, you are. / No, you aren’t.
They are (They’re) They are not (They aren’t) Are they…? Yes, they are. / No, they aren’t.

PAST SIMPLE OF THE VERB TO BE (= ser/estar)

AFIRMATIVA NEGATIVA INTERROGATIVA RESPUESTAS CORTAS

I was I was not (I wasn’t) Was I…? Yes, I was. / No, I wasn’t.
You were You were not (You weren’t) Were you…? Yes, you were. / No, you weren’t.
He was He was not (He wasn’t) Was he…? Yes, he was. / No, he wasn’t.
She was She was not (She wasn’t) Was she…? Yes, she was. / No, she wasn’t.
It was It was not (It wasn’t) Was it…? Yes, it was. / No, it wasn’t.
We were We were not (We weren’t) Were we…? Yes, we were. / No, we weren’t.
You were You were not (You weren’t) Were you…? Yes, you were. / No, you weren’t.
They were They were not (They weren’t) Were they…? Yes, they were. / No, they weren’t.

PRESENT SIMPLE OF THE VERB HAVE GOT (= tener)

AFIRMATIVA NEGATIVA INTERROGATIVA RESPUESTAS CORTAS

I have got (I’ve got) I have not (haven’t) got Have I got…? Yes, I have. / No, I haven’t.
You have got (You’ve got) You have not (haven’t) got Have you got…? Yes, you have. / No, you haven’t.
He has got (He’s got) He has not (hasn’t) got Has he got…? Yes, he has. / No, he hasn’t.
She has got (She’s got) She has not (hasn’t) got Has she got…? Yes, she has. / No, she hasn’t.
It has got (It’s got) It has not (hasn’t) got Has it got…? Yes, it has. / No, it hasn’t.
We have got (We’ve got) We have not (haven’t) got Have we got…? Yes, we have. / No, we haven’t.
You have got (You’ve got) You have not (haven’t) got Have you got…? Yes, you have. / No, you haven’t.
They have got (They’ve got) They have not (haven’t) got Have they got…? Yes, they have. / No, they haven’t.

VERB TENSES
PRESENT SIMPLE OF THE VERB LISTEN (= escuchar)

AFIRMATIVA NEGATIVA INTERROGATIVA RESPUESTAS CORTAS

I listen I do not (don’t) listen Do I listen? Yes, I do. / No, I don’t.
You listen You do not (don’t) listen Do you listen? Yes, you do. / No, you don’t.
He listens He does not (doesn’t) listen Does he listen? Yes, he does. / No, he doesn’t.
She listens She does not (doesn’t) listen Does she listen? Yes, she does. / No, she doesn’t.
It listens It does not (doesn’t) listen Does it listen? Yes, it does. / No, it doesn’t.
We listen We do not (don’t) listen Do we listen? Yes, we do. / No, we don’t.
You listen You do not (don’t) listen Do you listen? Yes, you do. / No, you don’t.
They listen They do not (don’t) listen Do they listen? Yes, they do. / No, they don’t.

USOS: EJEMPLOS: EXPRESIONES DE TIEMPO:

- Hábitos, rutinas y estilos de vida (con - I usually get up at 7 o’clock. - Adverbios de frecuencia: always, usually,
adverbios de frecuencia). often, sometimes, hardly ever, never.
- Situaciones permanentes. - Peter lives in London. - Expresiones de frecuencia: every day,
- Hechos generales, estados y verdades - Water boils at 100 degrees. every week/month/year/summer/winter…,
universales. once/twice/three times a week/month…,
- Condicional 0. - If you heat water, it evaporates. on Mondays/Tuesdays, at the weekend, etc.
- Condicional 1. - If you study hard, you will pass the exam.
- Horarios (*valor de futuro). - The train arrives at 11:15.
ORTOGRAFÍA:
 En general, a todos los verbos se les añade “-s” a la 3ª persona del singular (Ejemplo: He/She/It helps) excepto a los acabados
en “-o, -s, -x, -sh, -ch”, a los cuales se les añade “-es” (Ejemplos: He/She/It goes / kisses / mixes / washes / watches).
 En el caso de los verbos acabados en “-y” precedida de consonante, no solo añadiremos “-es”, sino que también
cambiaremos la “-y” por “-i” (Ejemplo: I study → He/She/It studies).
 Los verbos acabados en “-y” precedida de una vocal siguen la norma general y añaden “-s” (Ejemplo: I play → He/She/It plays).

PRESENT CONTINUOUS OF THE VERB LISTEN (= escuchar)

AFIRMATIVA NEGATIVA INTERROGATIVA RESPUESTAS CORTAS
I am (I’m) listening I am not (‘m not) listening Am I listening? Yes, I am. / No, I’m not.
You are (You’re) listening You are not (aren’t) listening Are you listening? Yes, you are. / No, you aren’t.
He is (He’s) listening He is not (isn’t) listening Is he listening? Yes, he is. / No, he isn’t.
She is (She’s) listening She is not (isn’t) listening Is she listening? Yes, she is. / No, she isn’t.
It is (It’s) listening It is not (isn’t) listening Is it listening? Yes, it is. / No, it isn’t.
We are (We’re) listening We are not (aren’t) listening Are we listening? Yes, we are. / No, we aren’t.
You are (You’re) listening You are not (aren’t) listening Are you listening? Yes, you are. / No, you aren’t.
They are (They’re) listening They are not (aren’t) listening Are they listening? Yes, they are. / No, they aren’t.

USOS: EJEMPLOS: EXPRESIONES DE TIEMPO:

- Acciones que están sucediendo en el - You are studying English now. -Now, right now, just now, at the moment,
momento de hablar. nowadays, today, still.
- Acciones temporales. - We are spending a few days in London. -*Always (para quejarse o enfatizar).
- Acciones muy repetitivas o molestas. - My sister is always using my mobile phone
- Planes de agenda (*valor de futuro). - I’m seeing my dentist at 12.30 tomorrow.
ORTOGRAFÍA:
Al añadir ‘-ing’ a ciertos verbos se producen algunos cambios ortográficos.
 Los verbos acabados en consonante + ‘e’ pierden esta vocal al añadir ‘ing’ (Ejemplo: live – living).
 Los verbos de una sola sílaba acabados en consonante + vocal + consonante duplican la consonante final (Ejemplo: run –
running).
 Los verbos de 2 ó 3 sílabas acabados en consonante + vocal + consonante, duplican la consonante final si el acento recae en
la última sílaba (Ejemplos: refer – referring / occur – ocurring).
 Los verbos acabados en vocal + ‘l’ duplican la ‘l’ final delante de ‘ –ing’, en inglés británico (Ejemplo: travel – travelling).