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History of First Aid

This document presents information about first aid. It begins with a brief history of first aid, noting its origins in medieval knights and the development of organizations like the Red Cross to treat injuries. It then outlines the main objectives of first aid as preserving life, preventing worsening of injuries, relieving pain, promoting recovery, and protecting the unconscious. The document proceeds to provide details on symptoms, causes, and dos and don'ts for five common emergency situations in schools: fractures/sprains, asthma attacks, food allergy reactions, nosebleeds, and heatstroke. It concludes by listing sources consulted.

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466 views

History of First Aid

This document presents information about first aid. It begins with a brief history of first aid, noting its origins in medieval knights and the development of organizations like the Red Cross to treat injuries. It then outlines the main objectives of first aid as preserving life, preventing worsening of injuries, relieving pain, promoting recovery, and protecting the unconscious. The document proceeds to provide details on symptoms, causes, and dos and don'ts for five common emergency situations in schools: fractures/sprains, asthma attacks, food allergy reactions, nosebleeds, and heatstroke. It concludes by listing sources consulted.

Uploaded by

nihal
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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NIHAL LUTHRA 10C

GEOGRAPHY TECH PROJECT RESEARCH


FIRST AID

CONTENTS

HISTORY OF FIRST AID


AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
FIRST AID DO’S AND DON’T’S, SYMPTOMS
AND CAUSES FOR 5 EMERGENCY
SITUATIONS IN SCHOOL
BIBLIOGPAPPHY

HISTORY OF FIRST AID

• “First Aid” is the help and assistance given to


sick or injured people until full medical
treatment is available.
• The origin of First Aid can be dated back to
1099 when religious knights who are trained in
medical care organised the Order of St. John
and began treating battlefield injuries
• Later in 1792, A French Military Surgeon formed
the first official military medical group who
would give First aid treatment to injured
soldiers.
NIHAL LUTHRA 10C
• Next came Red Cross, in 1860 Henry Dunant, a
Swiss person who saw soldiers dying due to
unattended injuries, took the initiative to start
an organisation called Red Cross. They and other
organisations began training civilians in “pre
medical treatment”.
• In 1878 people began using the term “first aid”
commonly in Britain. It is thought to be derived
from “first treatment” and “National Aid”.
• During the next few years the ideology of First
Aid spread throughout the world.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES

• First aid applies to a wide range of medical


situations — It involves the ability to determine
the right response to a certain injury.
• The 5 main objectives of First Aid:
- Preserve life.
- Prevent illness or injury from becoming worse.
- Relieve pain, if possible.
- Promote recovery.
- Protect the unconscious.
• Contents of First Aid Kit:
NIHAL LUTHRA 10C
- Alcohol or non alcohol antiseptic wipes
- Bandaids
- Cotton Balls
- Cotton Swabs
- Iodine
- Bandages
- Sterile gauze
- Saline
- Dressings
- Tweezers

FIRST AID DO’S AND DON’T’S, SYMPTOMS


AND CAUSES FOR 5 EMERGENCY
SITUATIONS IN SCHOOL

1. Fractures/Sprains

Symptoms:
• Numbness and swelling near the site of the injury
• Difficulty moving the injured body part
• Immense pain
Causes:
NIHAL LUTHRA 10C
• While playing a sport or running without properly
warming up
• Falling down the Stairs.
• Fighting with someone
Do’s:
• DO place a rigid material (splint) next to the
injury, and tie or tape it in place. Secure the
splint above and below the injury.
• DO place ice or a cold pack on the injury for 20
minutes every 3 to 4 hours to limit swelling and
pain. Use a barrier, like a thin towel, between the
ice or cold pack and the skin to prevent cold
injury to the skin.
• DO raise the injury above the heart, if possible,
to reduce swelling.
Don’t’s:
• DON’T increase damage by straightening an
injury.
• Don’t’s: secure the splint too tight. If toes or
fingers become pale, cold, or numb, loosen the
splint immediately.
• DON’T increase the damage by pressing on the
swelling directly.

2. Asthma Attacks
NIHAL LUTHRA 10C
Symptoms:
• Immense coughing
• Trouble sleeping
• Losing your breath
Causes:
• Pollen, pets, mold and dust mites
• Upper respiratory infections
• Tobacco smoke
• Inhaling cold, dry air
• Stress
Do’s:
• DO sit the person upright and loosen any tight
clothing.
• DO immediately give 6 separate puffs of
prescribed inhaler with gap of 6 breaths in
between each puff.
• DO repeat the second step while waiting for the
ambulance.
Don’t’s:
• DON’T aggravate the situation by panicking.
• DON’T stay outdoors.

3. Food Allergy Reactions

Symptoms:
• Hives (reddish, swollen, itchy areas on the skin)
NIHAL LUTHRA 10C
• Eczema flare (a persistent dry, itchy rash)
• Redness of the skin, particularly around the
mouth or eyes
• Nausea or vomiting
• Diarrhoea
• Stomach pain
• Nasal congestion or a runny nose
• Sneezing
• Slight, dry cough
• Odd taste in mouth
• Trouble swallowing
• Shortness of breath or wheezing
• Turning blue
• Drop in blood pressure (feeling faint, confused,
weak, passing out)
• Loss of consciousness
• Chest pain
Causes:
• Eating the certain food that one is allergic to
• Smelling the certain food that one is allergic to
Do’s:
• DO ask the person if he or she is carrying an
epinephrine auto-injector (EpiPen, Auvi-Q,
others) to treat an allergic attack.
• DO try to keep the person calm.
• DO help the person lie on their back.
NIHAL LUTHRA 10C
• DO raise their feet about 12 inches and cover
them with a blanket.
• DO turn them on their side if they are vomiting
or
• DO make sure that their clothing is loose so they
can breathe.

Don’t’s:
• DON’T try to “tough out” a reaction; treat
symptoms quickly!
• DON’T assume the reaction is over as soon as
symptoms begin to resolve. A second reaction,
also known as a biphasic reaction, could occur up
to 4 hours after the initial symptoms go away.

4. Nose-bleeds

Symptoms:
• Blood comes out of your nose.
Causes:
• foreign object stuck in the nose
• chemical irritants
• injury to the nose
• repeated sneezing
• picking the nose
• Immense heat
NIHAL LUTHRA 10C
Do’s:
• DO keep your head upright
• DO pinch down on the bottom of the nose
• DO wrap tissue around an ice cube and hold it at
the top of your nose
• DO remain calm
Don’t’s:
• DON’T pick or blow your nose
• DON’T bend down for several hours after the
bleeding episode.

5. Heatstorke

Symptoms:
• Throbbing headache
• Dizziness
• Lack of sweating despite the heat
• Red, hot, and dry skin
• Muscle weakness or cramps
• Nausea and vomiting
• Rapid heartbeat
• Confusion or disorientation
Causes:
• Exposure to a hot environment
• Strenuous activity
NIHAL LUTHRA 10C
Do’s
• DO fan air over the patient while wetting his or
her skin with water.
• DO apply ice packs to the patient's armpits,
groin, neck, and back.
• DO give them a lot of cooling fluids

Don’t’s:
• DON’T drink caffeine, alcohol, or sodas
• DON’T stay outdoors

BIBLIOGPAPPHY

• https://www.safework.sa.gov.au
• http://www.magnifiedts.com
• https://greatonlinetrivia.wordpress.com
• https://www.nhs.uk
• https://en.wikipedia.org
• https://www.healthxchange.sg
• https://www.joybynature.com
• https://www.webmd.com
• http://www.asthma.org.nz
• https://www.foodallergy.org
• https://www.healthline.com
• http://www.parenting.com
NIHAL LUTHRA 10C
• http://www.lifescript.com
• https://www.healthline.com
• http://wowscience.io

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