Automated Street Light System

1
Acknowledgments

Many People have helped to make this project work possible.

It is my pleasure to acknowledge and thank them for their
valuable co-operation at various stages of this work.

First and foremost I like to offer my gratitude to “The

Almighty God” to send me his blessings and to give me an
opportunity to reach up to this level.

I would like to express my intense feeling of gratitude towards

my Guide Prof. “AMI PATEL” for his extremely good
suggestions, guidance and constant inspiration.

Then I would like to express my sincere thanks to my Head of

Department Mr. Tushar Oza and our Principal Mr. Anand.
J. Patel for their valuable and timely co-operation.

I express my obligations and thanks to all the faculty members

of C.E. Department as well as my parents for the kind support
and motivation that they offered me during my work.

“SHAH TIRTH M”:

(166540307097)

“SUREJA CHIRAG N”:

(166540307108)

“SURYAVANSHI
MAHIRAJ K “:
(166540307109)
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Introduction To Our Project

Project name: Automated Street Light System

Guided by: Mrs. Ami J Patel

Prepared by: Shah Tirth M (166540307097)

SURYAVANSHI MAHIRAJ K(166540307109)
SUREJA CHIRAG N(166540307108)

 In the present days automated system have less manual operations, high
flexibility, and accurate.

 Especially in the field of electronics automated systems are giving good

performance.

 Our project is to control the switching of street light automatically.

 IR’s Which detect the vehicle with the Micro controller are used.

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Objectives:-

 We have set multiple objectives for ourselves to make our project as

better as possible.

 This project aim to design streetlight that works in both conventional

(electrical) as well as non-conventional (solar) energy resource.

 Using LDR we control the streetlight, when the LDR value falls above the
threshold value the light are switch on and when the value falls below
the threshold value the light are switched off.

 By using this system energy consumption is reduced.

 IR sensor and microcontroller are main component of the project.

 IR sensor is like our EYE which detect the presence of an object.

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Aim of project:-

 The aim of this project is to design a street light control system using
microcontroller, which automatically turns on or off the street lights by
detecting the movement of vehicles. The working of the project is
explained here.

 The IR transmitter is placed directly in line of sight with IR receiver, so

that the IR receiver continuously receives infrared rays. Once the IR
receiver receives infrared rays, the microcontroller will detect Logic 1. If
the infrared rays are blocked by some means, the microcontroller will
detect logic 0.

 So, the program for the microcontroller must be written in such a way
that it will turn ON the LEDs, which means here the street lamp, when it
detects Logic 0 and it will turn OFF the LEDs, when it detects Logic 1.

 Consider the two IR sensors i.e. IR Transmitter and IR Receiver are

placed on the either side of the road. As per the circuit diagram, the IR
receivers are connected to the PORT0 and the LEDs are connected to the
PORT2 of the microcontroller.

 At the beginning, when there is no obstacle, the IR receiver continuously

detects IR light transmitted by the IR Transmitter. When a car or any
other vehicle blocks any of the IR sensor, the microcontroller will turn
ON the immediate three LEDs.

 If the car blocks the first IR sensor, the first three LEDs are turned ON by
the microcontroller. As the car moves forward and blocks the second IR
sensor, the corresponding next three LEDs will be turned ON and the
first LED of the previous set is turned OFF. The process continues this
way for all the IR Sensors and LEDs.

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 This project is used to detect the movement of a vehicle on highways or
roads to turn ON the lights when the vehicle is ahead of the lights, and
to turn OFF the glowing light when the vehicle passes away from the
lights. By using this project we can conserve the energy.

 During the night time all the lights on the highway road remain on
throughout the night, so the energy loss will be high when there is no
movement of vehicles. This project gives a solution for saving the
energy. This is attained by detecting an approaching vehicle by turning
ON the street lights. As the vehicle passes away from the street light,
then the lights get turn OFF. If there are no vehicles on the road, then all
the lights will turn OFF.

 The infrared sensors are placed on each side of the road that are used to
detect the vehicle movement and send the logic signals to a
microcontroller (AT89S52 series) to turn on/ off the LEDs for a specific
distance. Therefore, this way of dynamically switching ON and OFF the
street lights helps in reducing the power consumption.

 By using this project a lot of energy can be saved. The proposed system
uses LEDs instead of other lamps. The project is especially designed for
street lighting in remote rural and urban areas where the traffic is low at
times. The system is multipurpose, extendable and totally variable to
user needs.

 The applications of this street light that glows on detecting vehicle

movement mainly involve in highways, real time street lights, hotels,
parking areas and restaurants, etc. The advantages are; low cost, more
life span and energy can be saved.

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PROBLEM DEFINATION AND BENEFITS:-

DRAWBACK AND PROBLEM WITH EXISTING SYSTEM

 The initial investment is very high.

 Rechargeable batteries have to be replaced from time to time.

 Non availability of sunlight during rainy and winter season is problem.

 Dust accumulation on the surface of panel create a problem.

 Iot is depended on Internet.

 Can be more complicated to align detector pairs.

 It has a limitation of power.

 LED is a voltage device.

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ADVANTAGE:-

 Energy saving.

 Low cost.

 Automated operation.

 Power consumption is much lower.

 Maintainance cost is low compare to convencial street light.

 The longer life compare to street light.

 Reducing physical effort.

 Efficient method.

 Cheap and economical.

 If the lighting system implements all LED lights, the cost of the
maintenance can be reduced as the life span and durability of LEDs is
higher than Neon based lights which are normally used as street lights.

 As the lights are automatically turned ON or OFF, huge amount of

energy can be saved

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SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS:-

 HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS

Basic Hardware requirements are:-


 PROCESSOR:- 1GHz or Faster Processor INTEL PENTIUM 4 or
HIGHER

 RAM:-1 GB RAM

 HARD DISK:- 20 GB or MORE

A working computer system with legal and certified operating
 System.

 Battery for Uninterrupted power supply.




 SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS

Basic Software requirements are:-





 Arduino Software (IDE)

Proteus

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Hardware Section:-

1. NodeMcu:-

NodeMCU is an open source IoT platform. It includes firmware which runs on

the ESP8266 Wi-Fi SoC from Espressif Systems, and hardware which is based
on the ESP-12 module. The term "NodeMCU" by default refers to the firmware
rather than the development kits. The firmware uses the Lua scripting
language. It is based on the eLua project, and built on the Espressif Non-OS
SDK for ESP8266. It uses many open source projects

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Advantages:-

 Inexpensive: Arduino boards are relatively inexpensive compared to

othermicrocontroller platforms. The least expensive version of the
Arduino module can be assembled by hand, and even the pre-assembled
Arduino modules cost less than $50.


 Cross-platform: The Arduino Software (IDE) runs on Windows,
MacintoshOSX, and Linux operating systems. Most microcontroller
systems are limited to Windows.


 Simple, clear programming environment: The Arduino
Software (IDE) iseasy-to-use for beginners, yet flexible enough for
advanced users to take advantage of as well. For teachers, it's
conveniently based on the Processing programming environment, so
students learning to program in that environment will be familiar with
how the Arduino IDE works.


 Open source and extensible software: The Arduino software
is published asopen source tools, available for extension by experienced
programmers. The language can be expanded through C++ libraries, and
people wanting to understand the technical details can make the leap
from Arduino to the AVR C programming language on which it's based.
Similarly, you can add AVR-C code directly into your Arduino programs if
you want to.


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2. RELAY MODULE
 A relay is an electrically operated switch of mains voltage. It means that
it can be turned on or off, letting the current go through or not.

 Controlling a relay with the Arduino is as simple as controlling an output

such as an LED.

 COM: common pin


 NO (Normally Open):there is no contact between the common pin
and thenormally open pin. So, when you trigger the relay, it connects to
the COM pin and supply is provided to a load

 NC (Normally Closed):there is contact between the common pin
and thenormally closed pin. There is always connection between the
COM and NC pins, even when the relay is turned off. When you trigger
the relay, the circuit is opened and there is no supply provided to a load.


 The Relay Board can be used to turn lights, fans and other devices on/off
while keeping them isolated from your microcontroller.


 The Relay Board allows you to control high-power devices (up to 10 A)
via the on-board relay.

 Control of the relay is provided via a 1 x 3 header – friendly to servo
cables and convenient to connect to many development boards.

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3. IR SENSOR (INFRARED SENSOR)

 An infrared sensor is an electronic device, that emits in order to sense

some aspects of the surroundings.

 An IR sensor can measure the heat of an object as well as detects the

motion.
 These types of sensors measures only infrared radiation, rather than
emitting it that is called as a passive IR sensor.
 Usually in the infrared spectrum, all the objects radiate some form of
thermal radiations.
 These types of radiations are invisible to our eyes, that can be detected
by an infrared sensor.
 The emitter is simply an IR LED (Light Emitting Diode) and the detector is
simply an IR photodiode which is sensitive to IR light of the same
wavelength as that emitted by the IR LED.
 When IR light falls on the photodiode, The resistances and these output
voltages, change in proportion to the magnitude of the IR light received.

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 IR Sensors work by using a specific light sensor to detect a select light

wavelength in the Infra-Red (IR) spectrum.


 By using an LED which produces light at the same wavelength as what
the sensor is looking for, you can look at the intensity of the received
light.


 When an object is close to the sensor, the light from the LED bounces off
the object and into the light sensor.


 This results in a large jump in the intensity, which we already know can
be detected using a threshold.


 It is capable of measuring heat and detection of moving object







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
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

4.LDR SENOSR:-

 It stand for LIGHT DEPENDENT RESISTOR

 Light Dependent Resistor (LDR) is made from a piece of exposed

semiconductor material such as cadmium sulphide that changes its
electrical resistance from several thousand Ohms in the dark to only a
few hundred Ohms when light falls upon it by creating hole-electron
pairs in the material.

 An ldr offers the resistance in the response to the ambient light.

 The registance of the ldr increase as the intensity of light increase

 It can act as a sensor,since a varying voltage drop can be obtained in

accordance with the varying light.

 The net effect is an improvement in its conductivity with a decrease in

resistance for an increase in illumination. Also, photoresistive cells have
a long response time requiring many seconds to respond to a change in
the light intensity.

 Materials used as the semiconductor substrate include, lead sulphide

(PbS), lead selenide (PbSe), indium antimonide (InSb) which detect light
in the infra-red range with the most commonly used of all photoresistive
light sensors being Cadmium Sulphide (Cds).

 Cadmium sulphide is used in the manufacture of photoconductive cells

because its spectral response curve closely matches that of the human
eye and can even be controlled using a simple torch as a light source.
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Typically then, it has a peak sensitivity wavelength (λp) of about 560nm

to 600nm in the visible spectral range. 15

5.ESP8266 WIFI MODULE:

 The ESP8266 is a low-cost Wi-Fi microchip with full TCP/IP
stack and microcontrollercapability produced by Shanghai-based
Chinese manufacturer Espressif Systems Manufacturer

Espressif
Systems

Type 32-bit microcontroller

CPU @ 80 MHz (default) or 160

MHz

Memory 32 KiB instruction, 80 KiB

user data

Input 16 GPIO pins

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Successor ESP32 16

The chip first came to the attention of western makers in August 2014 with
the ESP-01module, made by a third-party manufacturer Ai-Thinker. This small
module allows microcontrollers to connect to a Wi-Fi network and make
simple TCP/IP connections using Hayes-style commands. However, at the time
there was almost no English-language documentation on the chip and the
commands it accepted.

[2] The very low price and the fact that there were very few external
components on the module, which suggested that it could eventually be very
inexpensive in volume, attracted many hackers to explore the module, chip,
and the software on it, as well as to translate the Chinese documentation.
[3]The ESP8285 is an ESP8266 with 1 MiB of built-in flash, allowing for single-
chip devices capable of connecting to Wi-Fi

 It is mostly used for development of IOT(internet of Things) embedded

application.

 Esp8266 module is low cost standalone wireless transceiver that can be

used for end-point IOT developers.
 This will be used to integrate the system onto cloud and facillities
storage&analysis of data collected.

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6.LED:-
 It stand for LIGHT EMITTING DIODES.
 A light-emitting diode is a two-lead semiconductor light source. It is a p–
n junction diode that emits light when activated.
 A LED is semiconductor light source.
 LED are used as indicator lamps in many devices,and are increasignly
used for lighting.
 Led are intorduced as a practical electronic component in 1962

 A diode is a component that only allows electricity to flow one way. It

can be thought as a sort of one way street for electrons. Because of this
characteristic, diode are used to transform or rectify AC voltage into a
DC voltage. Diodes have two connections, an anode and a cathode. The
cathode is the end on the schematic with the point of the triangle
pointing towards a line. In other words, the triangle points toward that
cathode. The anode is, of course, the opposite end. Current flows from
the anode to the cathode.

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 Light emitting diodes, or LEDs, differ from regular diodes in that when a
18
voltage is applied, they emit light. This light can be red (most common),
green, yellow, orange, blue (not very common), or infa red. LEDs are
used as indicators, transmitters, etc. Most likely, a LED will never burn
out like a regular lamp will and requires many times less current.
Because LEDs act like regular diodes and will form a short if connected
between + and -, a current limiting resistor is used to prevent that very
thing. LEDs may or may not be drawn with the circle surrounding them.

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Software Section:-

1. Arduino Software (IDE)

 Arduino is an open-source electronics platform based on easy-to-use

hardware and software.

 Arduino boards are able to read inputs - light on a sensor, a finger on a

button, or a Twitter message - and turn it into an output - activating a
motor, turning on an LED, publishing something online. You can tell your
board what to do by sending a set of instructions to the microcontroller on
the board. To do so you use the Arduino programming language(based
on Wiring), and the Arduino Software (IDE), based on Processing.--

 The open-source Arduino Software (IDE) makes it easy to write code and
upload it to the board. It runs on Windows, Mac OS X, and Linux. The
environment is written in Java and based on Processing and other open-
source software.
 The Arduino Integrated Development Environment - or Arduino Software
(IDE) - contains a text editor for writing code, a message area, a text
console, a toolbar with buttons for common functions and a series of
menus. It connects to the Arduino hardware to upload programs and
communicate with them.



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 Writing Sketches

Programs written using Arduino Software (IDE) are called sketches. These
sketches are written in the text editor and are saved with the file
extension .ino. The editor has features for cutting/pasting and for
searching/replacing text. The message area gives feedback while saving
and exporting and also displays errors. The console displays text output
by the Arduino Software (IDE), including complete error messages and
other information.

 Tabs, Multiple Files, and Compilation

Allows you to manage sketches with more than one file (each of which
appears in its own tab). These can be normal Arduino code files (no
visible extension), C files (.c extension), C++ files (.cpp), or header files
(.h).

 Uploading

Before uploading your sketch, you need to select the correct items from
the Tools > Board and Tools > Port menus. Theboards are described
below. On the Mac, the serial port is probably something like
/dev/tty.usbmodem241 (for a Uno or Mega2560 or Leonardo) or
/dev/tty.usbserial-1B1 (for a Duemilanove or earlier USB board),

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LAYOUT OF Arduino Software (IDE)

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3. Proteus

o The Proteus Design Suite is a proprietary software tool suite used

primarily for electronic design automation.

o The software is used mainly by electronic design engineers and

electronic technicians to create electronic schematics and
electronic prints for manufacturing printed circuit boards.

o It was developed in Yorkshire, England by Labcenter Electronics Ltd

and is available in English, French, Spanish and Chinese languages.

o Proteus is a software package for computer-assisted design,

simulation and design of electronic circuits.

o It consists of two main parts, the ISIS, the circuit design

environment, which also includes the simulator VSM, and the
ARES, the circuit board designer.

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LAYOUT OF Proteus Software (IDE)

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Defining IOT:-

 The Internet of Things, also called The Internet of Objects, refers to a

wireless network between objects.

 Usually the network will be wireless and self-configuring, such as

household appliances.

 It is a system of interrelated comupting device ,digital

machines,objects,animals or people that are provide with unique
identifiers and abiltity to transafer data over a network

 Internet of Things refers to the concept that the Internet is no longer

just a global network for people to communicate with one another
using computers, but it is also a platform for devices to communicate
electronically with the world around them.

 The Internet of Things (IOT) is the network of physical objects—

devices, vehicles, buildings and other items which are embedded
with electronics, software, sensors, and network connectivity, which
enables these objects to collect and exchange data.

 The Internet of Things allows objects to be sensed and controlled

remotely across existing network infrastructure, creating
opportunities for more direct integration of the physical world into
computer-based systems, and resulting in improved efficiency,
accuracy and economic benefit.

 IOT (Internet of Things) is an advanced automation and analytics

system which exploits networking, sensing, big data, and artificial

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intelligence technology to deliver complete systems for a product or

service. 25

 These systems allow greater transparency, control, and performance

when applied to any industry or system.

 IOT systems have applications across industries through their unique

flexibility and ability to be suitable in any environment. They enhance
data collection, automation, operations, and much more through
smart devices and powerful enabling technology.

IOT − Key Features

 The most important features of IOT include artificial intelligence,

connectivity, sensors, active engagement, and small device use. A
brief review of these features is given below –

 AI: IOT essentially makes virtually anything “smart”,meaning

itenhances every aspect of life with the power of data collection,
artificial intelligence algorithms, and networks. This can mean
something as simple as enhancing your refrigerator and cabinets
to detect when milk and your favorite cereal run low, and to then
place an order with your preferred grocer.

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 Connectivity − New enabling technologies for networking,

andspecifically IOT networking, mean networks are no longer 26
exclusively tied to major providers. Networks can exist on a much
smaller and cheaper scale while still being practical. IOT creates
these small networks between its system devices.

 Sensors − IOT loses its distinction without sensors. They act

asdefining instruments which transform IOT from a standard
passive network of devices into an active system capable of real-
world integration.

 Active Engagement − Much of today's interaction with

connectedtechnology happens through passive engagement. IOT
introduces a new paradigm for active content, product, or service
engagement.

Future of IOT:

 According to NASSCOM, the global market size of IOT is expected to

touch USD 3 trillion by 2020. In this landscape, startups are playing the
biggest role in enabling IOT services in the consumer as well as the
industrial segment. In India, there are more than 60 percent start-ups
working on the lines of IOT with their highly technical and technological
skills.

 ~7 devices per person

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 Huge demand for IOT developers

 IOT proves to have a huge scope as it provides a unique opportunity for

businesses to turn data into insights. There are a number of contributing
factors as well that drive the adoption of IOT such as improved sensors,
device connections, the evolution of lifestyle and mobility. These factors
alone will drive the adoption of IOT in India. By 2020, India’s IOT market
is expected to reach by USD 15 billion as per NASSCOM’s report. To
provide an improved internet experience, many companies and start-ups
have emerged as big players in the IOT market. In India, nearly 120
companies and 70 % start-ups are offering IOT enabled solutions. From
2015 till now, around 60 USD million has been invested in IOT which has
given birth to a new way of working and living.

 If we talk about IOT applications in an organized manner, these are

broadly divided into Industrial and Consumer segments. The industrial
segment covers industrial and retail automation which largely
contributes to the development of smart cities. On the other hand, the
consumer segment is mainly driven by personal interest and covers
smart lifestyle, home, health & fitness automation. Likewise, enterprises
and consumers using IOT solutions will be complementing the IOT
growth in our country.

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IOT – Advantages:-

The advantages of IOT span across every area of lifestyle and business. Here is
a list of some of the advantages that IOT has to offer-

 Improved Customer Engagement− Current analytics suffer

fromblind-spots and significant flaws in accuracy; and as noted,
engagement remains passive. IOT completely transforms this to
achieve richer and more effective engagement with audiences.

 Technology Optimization − the same technologies and data

whichimprove the customer experience also improve device use,
and aid in more potent improvements to technology. IOT unlocks
a world of critical functional and field data.

 Reduced Waste −IOT makes areas of improvement clear.

Currentanalytics give us superficial insight, but IOT provides real-
world information leading to more effective management of
resources.

 Enhanced Data Collection − Modern data collection suffers from

itslimitations and its design for passive use. IOT breaks it out of
those spaces, and places it exactly where humans really want to
go to analyse our world. It allows an accurate picture of
everything.

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IOT – Disadvantages:-

 Though IOT delivers an impressive set of benefits, it also presents a

significant set of challenges. Here is a list of some its major issues −

 Security − IOT createsan ecosystem of constantly connected

devicescommunicating over networks. The system offers little control
despite any security measures. This leaves users exposed to various
kinds of attackers.

 Privacy − the sophistication of IOT provides substantial personal

datain extreme detail without the user's active participation.

 Complexity − Some find IOT systems complicated in terms of

design,deployment, and maintenance given their use of multiple
technologies and a large set of new enabling technologies.

 Flexibility − Many are concerned about the flexibility of an

IOTsystem to integrate easily with another. They worry about finding
themselves with several conflicting or locked systems.

 Compliance − IOT, like any other technology in the realm of

business,must comply with regulations. Its complexity makes the issue of
compliance seem incredibly challenging when many consider standard
software compliance a battle.

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Introduction to Front-End

 Front End of system is very much necessary because by this the

customer or the user can interact with it. It is also known As GUI
(Graphical User Interface).

 Project becomes more attractive when GUI is used. It can be known as
only factor by which user gets attracted.


 In our project GUI is on cloud, which user store data on cloud



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Introduction to Back-End

 There is Back-End of every system. Back-End part is necessary because

by these the developer applies his/her logic to develop the product.

 Back-End is also called Database in computer language, but we are using
Arduino IDE to develop.

 Without Back-End, a system is just a prototype which cannot be worked.

 Without it a page or an application is static which cannot be worked
further with better functionalities.

 In IOT there is also database but Arduino is board level programming by
which the actual project works.

 With the help of Arduino the particular sensor will work.

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Cloud storage:- 32

 Cloud storage is a model of computer data storage in which the digital

data is stored in logical pools. The physical storage spans muliple servers
(sometimes in multiple locations), and the physical environment is
typically owned and managed by a hostingcompany. These cloud storage
providers are responsible for keeping the data available and accessible,
and the physical environment protected and running. People and
organizations buy or lease storage capacity from the providers to store
user, organization, or application data.

 Cloud storage services may be accessed through a colocated cloud

computing service, a web service application programming
interface(API) or by applications that utilize the API, such as cloud
desktop storage

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Cloud Computing

 Cloud computing is an information technology (IT) paradigm, a model for

enabling ubiquitous access to shared pools of configurable resources.

 Resources such as computer networks, servers, storage, applications and
services, which can be rapidly provisioned with minimal management
effort, often over the Internet.


 Cloud computing allows users and enterprises with various computing

capabilities to store and process data either in a privately-owned cloud,
or on a third-party server located in a data centre – thus making data-
accissing mechanism more efficient and reliable.


 Cloud computing relies on sharing of resource to achieve coherence and

economy of scale, similar to a utility.



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Flowchart:-

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Architecture Design:-

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Data Flow Diagram:-

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
37

Layout of project:-

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Further Enhancement

 We can make this system work in Highways and road


 With the concept of ‘Digital India’ and ‘Make in India’ we could make
this project on big scale for smart city purpose

 Pole damage detection with the addition of a suitable sensor


 If the system has traffic speed sensor then this information could be
used to manage traffic speed via the dimming of the street light

 With the added intelligent in the lamp you can add further features to
increase hid lamp life such as softer star-up and protection against re-
lighting











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Bibliography

1. www.wikipedia.com

2. http://www.engineersgarage.com

3. www.instructables.com

4. www.arduino.cc

5. http://www.atmel.com

6. https://www.sparkfun.com/products/13678

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7. http://www.nodemcu.com/index_cn.html

Reference Books

1) Arduino Home Automation Projects by Marco Schwartz.

2) Getting started with Arduino: The Open Source by Massimo Banzi.

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