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Motors Types

The document provides an overview of different types of motors used in industry, including DC series, DC shunt, induction, synchronous permanent magnet, and stepper motors. It discusses the torque equations, characteristics, and common applications of DC series, DC shunt, and induction motors. DC series motors produce high starting torque and are used where high torque is needed. DC shunt motors maintain constant speed and are used for applications like lathe machines. Induction motors come as squirrel cage or wound rotor types, with squirrel cage providing simpler construction and higher efficiency.

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Soham Desai
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156 views6 pages

Motors Types

The document provides an overview of different types of motors used in industry, including DC series, DC shunt, induction, synchronous permanent magnet, and stepper motors. It discusses the torque equations, characteristics, and common applications of DC series, DC shunt, and induction motors. DC series motors produce high starting torque and are used where high torque is needed. DC shunt motors maintain constant speed and are used for applications like lathe machines. Induction motors come as squirrel cage or wound rotor types, with squirrel cage providing simpler construction and higher efficiency.

Uploaded by

Soham Desai
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Introduction

The following document would provide a brief overview of the different types of motors used in the
industry to formulate a better understanding of the suitability of each type to the applications as
intended by the designer.

The various types of motors we would be looking at are-

1) DC series motor
2) DC shunt motor
3) Induction motor (squirrel cage)
4) Induction motor (wound rotor)
5) Synchronous permanent magnet motor
6) Stepper motor

1. DC motor

As we can see the armature is connected in series with the field winding, hence

1.1 Torque equation


Let,

r=average armature radius

L=effective length of each conductor

Z=total number of armature conductors

A=number of parallel paths


Ia =armature current

I=current through each conductor= Ia /A

B=average flux density

Φ=flux per pole

P=number of poles

a=cross-sectional area of flux path per pole at radius r = (2πrL / P)

Force on each conductor = BIL

Torque due to one conductor = BILr

Therefore, Ta α ØIa

Now, for a DC series motor Ø α If, but If=Ia. Therefore T α Ia2

Whereas for a DC shunt motor Ø=constant. Therefore T α Ia


1.2 Characteristics

Characteristics of a DC shunt motor

1.3 Applications
1) DC series motor used in applications where high starting torque is required, eg; traction. Speed
control is difficult.

2) DC shunt motor is a constant speed motor used in applications where constant speed is desirable
,eg; lathe machine. Speed control is easier.
2. Induction motor
2.1 Torque equation

2.2 Characteristics

2.3 Applications

Basis For
Slip Ring Motor Squirrel Cage motor
Comparison

Definition The rotor of the motor is The rotor of the motor is a squirrel cage
constructed as a slip ring type.
type.

Rotor Cylindrical laminated core The slots of the rotor are not parallel,
with parallel slots and each but are skewed.
slot consist one bar.

Other name Phase wound rotor Cage motor

Construction Complicated Simple


Basis For
Slip Ring Motor Squirrel Cage motor
Comparison

Resistance Added external to the rotor The rotor bar is permanently shorted at
the end of the ring, thus it is not
possible to add any external resistance.

Starter The rotor resistance starter Rotor resistance starter cannot be used.
can be used.

Starting High Low


Torque

Brushes Present Absent

Maintenance Frequent maintenance Less maintenance required


required

Copper Loss High Low

Efficiency Low High

Speed Control Possible Not Possible

Power Factor Low High

Cost Costly Cheap

Starting Low High


Current
Basis For
Slip Ring Motor Squirrel Cage motor
Comparison

Uses Use in hoist, cranes, elevator Use in lathe machines, fan, blower,
where high torque is profiting machines, etc.
required.

3. Synchronous PMM
3.1 Torque equation
3.2 Characteristics
3.3 Applications

4. Stepper motor
4.1 Torque equation
4.2 Characteristics
4.3 Applications

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