TASK ABOUT

COMPUTER

Arranged By:

Apriyal Irfandi

Febrelly Sabatini

Habib Maulana

Murtita Mardiah Putri

UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH RIAU

PEKANBARU

2019
A. A brief history of Computer

The history of computers is closely related to arithmetic calculations. So in ancient times, the
function of computers was as a tool for human arithmetic.

A mathematician named Charles Babbage from England was the first person in the world who
dared to send letters to experts in the kingdom of England to develop mechanical calculating
tools namely computers.

He stated this thought explicitly in a letter entitled Notes on the Use of Machines in
Astronomical Calculations and Mathematical Tables. The letter he sent on the stairs June 14,
1822.

Charles's idea was motivated by the problem of the frequent people at that time made a
calculation error despite using mathematical tables. So he wanted to develop a mechanical
calculating machine that was inspired by the development of calculating machines done by
Wilhelm Schickard, Blaise Pascal, and Gottfried Leibniz.

Since Charles continued to work on developing computer machines so that they could be
programmed by humans, they were not completed. Then the machine was continued by his
son. One part of the differential engine assembled by his son can now be seen at the London
Science Museum.

In addition to his son who helped assemble, the idea was developed by various parties to
become a sophisticated computer that we know today.

B. Definition of a computer

The computer is a tool used to process data according to procedures that have been
formulated. The word computer was originally published to translate people whose work
performed arithmetic calculations, with or without assistive devices, but the meaning of this
word was then transferred to the machine itself.

The term "computer" is "that processes information" or "information processing systems." For
more than a few years different meanings in the word "computer", and several different words
now referred to as computers.
C. Computer components as a whole

The personal computer parts consist of

1: Monitor

2: Mother board

3: Processor

4: ATA slot

5: Random Access Memory (MAA)

6: PCI slot

7: Power supply

8: Optical disc drive

9: Hard disk

10: Keyboard

11: Mouse

D. Personal Computer Parts

The computer consists of 2 major parts, namely software (hardware) and hardware (hardware).

1.Hardware

 Sedit, Processor or CPU as a data processing unit

 RAM memory, temporary data storage
 Hard drive, semi-permanent data storage media
 Input devices, media used to enter data to be processed by the CPU, such as a mouse,
keyboard, and tablet
  Output devices, media used to display CPU processing outputs, such as monitors,
speakers, headsets, plotters, projectors, and printers

2.Software

 Operating system, A basic program on a computer that connects users with computer
hardware. Operating systems commonly used are Linux, Windows, and Mac OS. The
tasks of the operating system include (but not only) implementing programs on it,
managing input, output, managing, memory, and installing software.
 Computer program, Additional applications are installed in accordance with the
operating system

3.Slot on a computer

 ISA / PCI, slot for non-graphic add-in card input

 AGP / PCIe, slot for additional graphics card input
 IDE / SCSI / SATA, slots for hard drives / ODD
 USB, a slot for plug-and-play media input (plug and play, meaning a device that can be
connected to a computer and can be used directly)

E. Computer type

 Analog computer
 Computer pulse
 Microcomputer
1. Home computer
2. Personal computer (PC)
3. Server
 Minicomputer
 Mainframe computer
 Supercomputer

F. How a Computer System Works

The computer system works with important stages that are connected to each other as follows:

1. Input
Input or entry is the initial stage of data processing with a computer system. Input stage is done
by entering raw data (raw data) into a computer system through an input device (input device).
Examples of input devices include keyboards, scanners, microphones, and others. These devices
are used to enter data that is to be processed into information. The keyboard is used to enter
letters, numbers, or symbols. Then, the scanner is used to enter data in the form of images.
Then, the microphone is used to enter data in the form of sound.

2. Process

Process or processing is the data processing stage carried out by a processing device in the form
of a CPU. There are three basic functions of data processing performed by the CPU, namely the
control function, register function, and the Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU) function. The ALU
function is in the form of arithmetic and logic calculation operations, or in other words, the CPU
processes data according to program instructions. Thus, the CPU works in accordance with the
programs contained in an application. The raw data is processed in such a way that it becomes
useful information.

3. Output

Output or expenditure is the stage of printing information that can be either a hardcopy file or
softcopy file, through an output device. Hardcopy means using media or physical objects such
as books, letters, documents, and others. While softcopy means displaying information visually,
because the information is not in the form of physical objects, but in the form of digital objects.
Examples of these output devices include printers, monitors, projectors, and others.

4. Storage

This fourth stage is the process of recording the results of data processing to a storage device
(storage device). The goal is that information can be re-used as input for the next process, it
could be that the existing information still requires additional data or will be used for other
purposes. The data processing carried out by this computer system has no end. Although the
base is the input data, the output data does not mean the end. Therefore, the information that
has been obtained can still be developed into other information.