University of Swaziland

Faculty of Science and Engineering

Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering

Main Examination 2016

Title of paper: Communication System Principles

Course Number: EE442

Time allowed: 3 hours

Instructions:
1. Answer any FOUR (4) questions
2. Each question carries 25 marks
3. Marks for each question are shown at the right hand margin

This paper contains 4 pages including this one.

This paper should not be opened until permission has been granted by the invigilator.

1
Question 1

a) Draw the block diagram of a communication system and briefly describe the function of
each block [10 marks]
b) Calculate the energy and the power of each of the following signals
i) x(t) = ~cos(2rrft) [5 marks]
ii) x(t) = Aej2rrft [5 marks]

c) State and describe 2 operations on signals [5 marks]

Question 2

a) Find the Fourier Transform of the following signals

n (r) ,
1
,.,.-,.-.
• I
I ,
t I
, I
,,
,

,,
I

I I
• I

i) ~ ~ [5 marks]
ii) x(t) = cos(2rrfot) [5 marks]
b) Let the message signal be met) and the carrier signal c(t) = A cos(2rr(600)t)
i) For the DEtB-SC modulated signal u(t), find the Fourier transform uct) and
express it in terms of M(t) [5 marks]
ii) Sketch the spectrum of the signal M(t) and U(t) assuming M(t) has a
bandwidth W = 200 [5 marks]
iii) Find the power of the modulated signal u(t) [5 marks]

Question 3

a) An angle modulation (AM) system uses a carrier signal c(t) = 10 cos(2rrl0St) and a
message signal met) =6 cos(2rrl04t). Given that kf =
50, and kp = 30
i) WI ile the signal expression of the phase of the output for the phase modulated signal
[3 marks]
ii) Write the signal expression of the phase of the output for the frequency modulated signal
[3 marks]
iii) Write the signal expression ofthe phase modulated signal [4 marks]
iv) Write the signal expression of the frequency modulated signal [4 marks]
v) Find the modulation indexes {3f and {3p [4 marks]
vi) Calculate the power content ofthe carrier signal [3 marks]
b) Given that the modulated signal contains 98% ofthe signal power, calculate the
bandwidth of the signal in both FM and PM cases. [4 marks]

Question 4

a) Calculate the noise voltagl' produced in a 10ka resistance on a 1MHz bandwidth at a

temperature of 27°C [3 marks]
b) An amplifier having a bandwidth of 20MHz, a gain of20dB, generates its own noise
power of 10.2 x 10-14W measured at the output. If a signal of -lOOdBm is applied to the
amplifier input with a signal to noise ratio of20dB, Assuming a physical temperature of
290 oK, calculate
i) The noise temperature of the amplifier [5 marks]
ii) The signal to noise ratio at the output of the amplifier [5 marks]
c) An UHF receiver system is shown in Figure Q4. Given that the input power at the
antenna is 5m W, No = 6dB, and the signal has a bandwidth of 4kHz

'YAn:~~na r- ...
I' ---­ 1 - ,- - - - - - . - - - . ,

I
Pre amplifier i Co-axial cable -"--~eceiver. -~-Detector
. --)
Stage
----_.­
F~:: 5dB Lc =2dB FR =15dB
GA ;;: 20dB GR :::, SOdB

Figure Q4

Note that F, G and L represent noise figure, gain and loss respectively.

i) Calculate the power at the output of the receiver [5 marks]

ii) Calculate the noise total noise figure of the system [3 marks]

iii) Calculate the signal to noise ratio at the output [4 marks]

Question 5.

a) Define up-sampling and down-sampling [4 marks]

b) Given that the down-sampling and up-sampling rate is 2. Sketch the resulting up-sampled
and down-sampled signals of the signal in Figure 5 below [6 marks]

T
1
I
2
T
3
,..
11_

Figure 5

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 c) State the Nyquist sampling theorem [2 marks]
d) A band limited signal has a bandwidth of 3400Hz. What sampling rate should be used to
guarantee a guard band of 1200 Hz. [4 marks]
e) Define quantization [3 marks]
f) Given the signal x(t) = 10 cos(2rrft) is quantized and the quantization power of the
quantizer is 5W. Find the SQNR of the output signal. [6 marks]

Question 6

a) Apply the Gram-Schmidt Orthogonalization Procedure to the signals in Figure 6 below

[10 marks]

o
I
2 t

S2(t) J,

o 1 2 t

Figure 6

b) Draw the geometric representation following

i) Binary PAM signals [4 marks]
ii) Binary orthogonal signals [4 marks]
c) For frequency shift keying (FSK) write the expressions ofs 1 (t)and S2(t). Assuming unit
energy oetermine l/11 (t)and l/12(t). [7 marks]