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173 Single Phase Fully Controlled Bridge Converter

This document provides instructions and theory for experiments using a single phase fully controlled bridge converter lab demonstration board. The board contains a single phase fully controlled bridge, firing pulse generator, resistive and inductive loads, voltmeter, ammeter, and other accessories. The experiments observe the output waveforms under different load conditions and with variation of the firing angle, which controls the speed of a connected DC motor. Diagrams of the converter circuit and experimental setups are provided, along with theory of operation, procedures, observations, and safety precautions.

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Arpan Jain
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99 views10 pages

173 Single Phase Fully Controlled Bridge Converter

This document provides instructions and theory for experiments using a single phase fully controlled bridge converter lab demonstration board. The board contains a single phase fully controlled bridge, firing pulse generator, resistive and inductive loads, voltmeter, ammeter, and other accessories. The experiments observe the output waveforms under different load conditions and with variation of the firing angle, which controls the speed of a connected DC motor. Diagrams of the converter circuit and experimental setups are provided, along with theory of operation, procedures, observations, and safety precautions.

Uploaded by

Arpan Jain
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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LAB MANUAL

FOR

SINGLE PHASE FULLY


CONTROLLED BRIDGE
CONVERTER
SINGLE PHASE FULLY CONTROLLED BRIDGE CONVERTER

ACCESSORIES

1. Demonstration Board with following facilities :-


(a) Single Phase Fully Controlled Bridge
(b) Firing Pulse Generator
(c) Resistive Load (Lamp)
(d) Inductive Load (Choke)
(e) Voltmeter 0-300V
(f) Ammeter 0-5A
(g) 1:10 Attenuator for CRO
(h) Isolated 220 V AC for CRO
2. DC Motor
3. Connecting Leads
4. Lamp Holder
5. Lamp 250 Volts

INTRODUCTION
The use of Single Phase Fully Control Bridge Converter in industries for speed control of
DC motor, temperature control of electric furnace, light dimmer, generator AVRs, battery charger
etc. In all these applications the fire angle is controlled and feed back circuit is made depend upon
the necessity. The used firing circuits is tried to make simple, friendly and easily understandable.

THEORY

There are two circuits used in Single Phase Fully Control Bridge Converter.
(i) Single Phase Fully Control Bridge
(ii) Firing Circuit to fire the SCRs of the Bridge.
The circuit diagram of fully controlled firing bridge is given in Fig – ‘1’ :-
In first half positive cycle the current will flow from Ph, SCR1, Load, SCR4 to N. The
positive cycle will appear at Ph and the current will start to flow after the SCR1 and SCR4. Both
the SCRs will fire at the same time at required firing angle. The firing pulse will appear at gate of
both the SCRs from firing circuit. In the second half the positive will point N, the current will
flow from N, SCR3, Load, SCR2 to Ph. The firing process of SCR2 and SCR3 will same as SCR1
& SCR4. The RC network R1 and C1, R2 and C2, R3 and C3, R4 and C4 are used to protect the
concern SCR.

1
The firing circuit diagram to fire the SCRs is given in Fig – ‘2’ :-

Here there are two sets of circuits to fire the SCRs. One set to trigger the SCR in positive
half and another set to trigger the SCR in negative half of AC cycle. 12-0-12 AC voltage will
appear at the point A-C-B. The 12V will appear at pin No 3 of IC-1 through resistance R5. It is a
cross over detector. As the positive half will start at pin No 3 of above IC. The fix output will
appear at pin No 6 and as the positive half will become zero at pin No 3 of above IC, the voltage
at pin No 6 become also zero. We can say to it that the output square wave at pin No 6 of above
IC is synchronized with applied 12-0 (AC) Volts.

This square wave will apply through resistance R6 to the integrator circuit using resistance
R7 and R8, capacitor C5. The output of integrator will triangular and this triangular wave will
apply through capacitor C6, resistance R9 and R10 to comparator. Here the reference of
comparator is variable –12V DC to +12V DC. If we made the reference +12V, the output at pin
No 6 of above IC will zero and as we change the reference +12V to -12V, the rectangular will
appear. The ON portion of output depends upon the applied reference position i.e. depends upon
the where the reference stand in between +12V to –12V. At +12V no ON portion and at –12V
output is totally ON. This output is fed to AND gate IC No 5. A pulse train is generated in career
frequency generator using IC4, R13, R14, C7 and C8. This pulse train will also appear at the same
AND gate of IC5. Now the output of pulse train of AND gate depends the output of comparator
wave. This output of AND gate is available at pin No 8 of IC5. The selected pulse train from

2
pin No 8 of IC5 will apply to IC6 at pin No 9 & 10. Here the signal will pass through two NOT
gate. So the phase of wave will same. The IC6 is working as buffer IC. The output of buffer IC is
available at pin No 11 and will apply to the base of transistor T1. The collector of transistor T1 is
biased through pulse transformer PT1 and this pulse transformer have two secondary. One for fire
the SRC1 and another for SCR4. Resistance R12 and zener diode DZ1 to voltage limiting. The
another set of the circuit is used to work in negative half cycle and description is same as above
given.

EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE

Experiment No. 1

Observation of Bridge Converter output wave form using Resistive Load

1. Keep MCB OFF.


2. Firing angle pot should be minimum.
3. Connect the field of Motor or lamp at field point.
4. Connect the wiring diagram as given in Fig-‘3’.
5. Connect the CRO through isolated point of demo board.
6. Switch ON the MCB.
7. Increase the speed control slowly.
8. Observe the wave shape between +ve and –ve points as given in Fig-‘4’.

Experiment No. 2

Observation of Bridge Converter output wave forms using Resistive & Inductive Load

1. Keep MCB OFF.


2. Firing angle pot should be minimum.
3. Connect the field of Motor or lamp at field point.
4. Connect the wiring diagram as given in Fig-‘5’.
5. Connect the CRO main at isolated point of demo board.
6. Switch ON the MCB.
7. Increase the speed control slowly.
8. Observe the wave shape between +ve and –ve points as given in Fig-‘6’.
9. Observe the wave form across the lamp load as given in Fig-‘6’.
10. Observe the wave form across the inductor as given in Fig-‘6’.

3
Experiment No. 3

Observation of Bridge Converter full wave using free wheeling diode and Inductive Load

1. Keep MCB OFF.


2. Firing angle pot should be minimum.
3. Connect the field of Motor or lamp at field point.
4. Connect the wiring diagram as given in Fig-‘7’.
5. Connect the CRO main at isolated point of demo board.
6. Switch ON the MCB.
7. Increase the speed control slowly.
8. Observe wave form between +ve & –ve as given in Fig-‘6’.
9. Observe the wave form across the lamp load as given in Fig-‘6’.
10. Observe the wave form across the inductor as given in Fig-‘6’.

Experiment No. 4

Observation of Bridge Converter full wave using DC Motor

1. Keep MCB OFF.


2. Firing angle pot should be minimum.
3. Connect the field of Motor or lamp at field point.
4. Connect the armature and Motor at +ve and –ve points.
5. Connect the wiring diagram as given in Fig-‘8’.
6. Switch ON the MCB.
7. Increase the speed control slowly.
8. Observe that motor speed is increasing as increasing the armature voltage.

PRECAUTIONS

1. Handle carefully.
2. Output Current should not be increasing more than 02 Amp.
3. Input Voltage should not exceed more than 250V.
4. Use attenuator for CRO Observations.
5. Use main supply to CRO from right side of demo board.

4
5
Fig – ‘4’

6
Fig – ‘6’

7
8
VIVA VOCE

Q1. What is fully controlled converter?

Q2. What is the principle of phase control?

Q3. What is meant by firing angle?

Q4. What is hard switching thyristor?

Q5. Which device can be used in chopper circuit?

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