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Table of Contents

Topics Pg

Definition and Purpose of Communication

Communication in the 21st Century : Communication Models

Communication Ethics

Communication and Globalization

World Englishes

Culturally Sensitive and Bias- Free Language

Public Speaking

A Short History of Public Speaking

Sample Speeches of Public Speaking

The Tools Needed in Critical/Creative Reports

Best Practice in Public Speaking

Sample Reports

TED Talks and Critical/Creative Thinking in Today’s Society

TED Talks: Walking the Talk

Documented Essay on a Concept: Academic Research and the Documented Essay in the

21st Century

Academic Writing

Documented Essays

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Sample Documented Essay

Critical Thinking , Collaboration, and the Writing Process

Writing as a Process

The Pre-Writing Stage of the Writing Process

The Writing Stage of the Writing Process

Concepts of Social and Cultural Significance in the Philippines

Writing about Concepts

Corporate Culture and Communication: The Principles and Professional Communication

Professional Purpose

Audience of Professionals

Professional Language

The Genres of Professional Writing

The Design Principles of Professional Writing

Intercultural Issues in Workplace Communication

Communication and the 21st Century Workplace

Cultural Differences

Effective Intercultural Communication

Simulating the Philippine Workplace

Professional Correspondence

The Job Application Process

Job Interview

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Persuasive Speaking in Private and Public Institutions: The Importance of Persuasive

Speech

The Basics of Argumentation

Persuasive Speech in Private Institutions

Pitching a Project

Marketing a Product

Persuasive Speech in Public Institutions

Definition and Purpose of Communication

Communication in the 21st Century : Communication Models

Communication Ethics

Communication and Globalization

World Englishes

Culturally Sensitive and Bias- Free Language

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INTRODUCTION…

Communication for Society: Purposive Communication is a tertiary-level textbook for the

General Education course Purposive Communication, as required by the Commission on Higher

Education (CHED) of the Republic of the Philippines.

The course description is “Writing, speaking, and presenting to different audiences and for

various purposes.” The five skills of communication (listening, speaking, reading, writing, and

viewing) are studied and simulated in advanced academic settings, such as conversing

intelligently on a subject to impart, reporting on group work or assignments, writing and

delivering a formal speech, writing minutes of meetings and similar documents, preparing a

research or technical paper, and making an audio-visual or web-based presentation. In the

process, the criteria for effective communication are discussed and used as the basis for peer

evaluation of communication exercises in the class as well as for judging communication

techniques by public officials, educators, industry leaders, churches, and private individuals. The

purpose of these combined activities is “to enable students to practice strategies of

communication with a clear purpose and audience in mind, guided by the criteria of effective

communication and the appropriate language” (CHED, 2013).

In addition, “At the end of the course, students should be able to listen, comprehend, critique,

and respond to live or recorded conversations, speak in public with confidence, explain extended

texts in their own words using examples and other aids to bolster their explanation, write texts

ranging from a simple report to a full-length technical or research paper (scientific, social
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science, or literary depending on the student’s major), and prepare an audio-visual or web-based

presentation on an assigned topic” (CHED, 2013).

The course is both pragmatic and aspirational: it helps students in using English language skills

to gain and share knowledge and insights with different discourse communities in the

Philippines, as well as in using these skills to create and critique knowledge for the good of

Philippine society.

The general objectives of the course, as encapsulated in this textbook, are the following:

1. To help students become problem-solvers, change agents, and knowledge workers and

creators in Philippine society

2. To make students appreciate and articulate individual and societal concerns in the social,

academic, and corporate level

3. To encourage students to appreciate and articulate social issues and concerns in public

speaking

4. To ensure that students critically read and write texts using old and new technologies

It primarily uses the Outcomes-Based Education (OBE) approach. Dr. William Spady and Dr.

Francis Uy, in their book, Outcome-Based Education: Critical Issues and Answers, mention ten

components of the OBE paradigm in the Information Age, as opposed to the traditional

paradigms set during the Industrial Age. Although all of the ten components are important and

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will be followed in this textbook, there are several components that will be essential in the

philosophical and pedagogical approaches used in this book.

The first component is Concept Integration (rather than Content Segmentation), wherein exit

outcomes take the forms of “complex performance abilities that require students to integrate,

synthesize, and apply a range of diverse content, concepts, and competence to performance

tasks” (Spady and Uy, 2014). We also believe that Instructional Coaching is an equally important

component, where the teacher acts as a coach and mentor, to help students perform their best,

and to do this in an individualized, performance-based manner. In terms of assessment, we will

use Criterion Validation, with clear rubrics to help students understand the outcomes they are

expected to exhibit and how they will be assessed in each task. Lastly, our activities will

emphasize the creation of a Cooperative Learning environment and will rely on a Collaborative

Structure in the classroom (Spady and Uy, 2014).

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 CHAPTER I

Communication in the 21st Century

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 Lesson 1

C O M M U N I C AT I O N

MODEL

Chapter Objectives :

 Have a thorough understanding of communication models and processes

 Understand the importance of ethics in communication and academic writing

 Discover how the English language spread throughout the world , and appreciate the

differences between Standard English , World Englishes and Philippine English

5 Skills of Communication

1. Writing

2. Reading

3. Listening

4. Speaking

5. Viewing

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Effective Communication

1. Learn how to organize one’s thoughts

2. Control one’s emotions

3. Use one’s words to articulate concepts and arguments

4. Express oneself in the best way possible

Communication Model

 According to Denis Mcquail and Seven Windahl

( 2013 )

“ A model seeks to show the main elements of any structure or process and the relationship

between these elements it helps in explaining by providing in a simplified way information

which would otherwise be complicated or ambiguous ’’

Professor Ramona S. Flores ( 2016 ) in her book Oral Communication in Context , discusses

four models of communication in the chapter “Explaining the Nature of Communication ’’

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 According to James Berlin (1982)

“ In teaching writing , we are not simply offering training in a useful technical skill

that is meant as a simple complement to the more important studies of other areas .

We are teaching a way of experiencing the world , a way of ordering and making

sense of it”

FOUR TYPES OF COMMUNICATION MODEL

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 Aristotle’s Model of Communication

SPEAKER SPEECH AUDIENCE EFFECT

Occasion

In this model Aristotle explains that speakers should adjust their messages according to their

audience and the occasion to achieve a particular effect.

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 ENCODER CHANNEL DECODER RECEIVER
SENDER

FEEDBACK

Shannon-Weaver’s Model of Communication

The Shannon-Weaver model was created by Claude Shannon and Warren Weaver ( Flores , 2016

) According to the website Communication Theory.Org , in 1948 , Shannon and Weaver wrote an

article in the Bell System Technological Journal entitled “ A Mathematical Theory of

Communication ’’According to Flores ( 2016 ) , this is also often called the “ Telephone Model

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’’ since it was developed because of the technology of the telephone and the experience of “

Noise ” coming from the switchboard.

MESSAGE

ENCODER ENCODER

ENTERPRETER ENTERPRETER

DECODER DECODER

MESSAGE

Osgood-Schramn Model of Communication

 When it comes to Schramm’s model of communication, there are two primary models

involved. The first one is built on the theories of Osgood, which is why this is also known

as the Osgood-Schramm model

 Encoding and decoding are not automatic process both go through the filter of the

interpreter

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  The message may succeed or fail, based on the interpreter's appreciation of the message.

There are times when the sender and receiver may apply different it was called as “

Semantic noise ’’

 The second model is the Built this theory about the interpreter into the different fields of

experience of the sender and the receiver.

According to Sneha Mishara ( 2017 )

This Field of exeperience may constitute “ Culture , social background , beliefs , experiences ,

values and rules ”

It means for the message to reach the receiver , there must be a common field of experience

between the sender and the receiver , Although the receiver might not fully appreciate all the

nuances of the message , as there are parts of the sender’s experience that the receiver has no

knowledge of the receiver may still understand the core meaning of the message.

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 White’s Stages of Oral Communication

Thinking Symbolizing Expressing

Monitoring Transmitting

Feed backing Decoding Receiving

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According to White

 It is possible to begin at any of the stages outlined in his model . People are under the

mistaken impression that when we communicate , we usually start with thinking , but that

is not necessarily the case . Since it is a Circular model , it means that the oral

communication is a continuous process with no real beginning or end

 The most important contribution from Eugene White’s model is the concept of feedback

which can only be processed by the speaker if S/He has been monitoring the audience or

the listener

 The speaker must also pay attention to the listener’s verbal or non-verbal cues.

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 Factors that should be considered TO BE A GOOD COMMUNICATORS :

1. How the message is organized ?

2. What fields of experience it comes from should be taken into consideration ?

3. When it comes to the sender , the best communication is the one that involves feedback

4. There are several kind of “ noise ” that may severely affect the reception of the message

and should be considered and avoided

5. Cultural differences , technology , and interpretation need to be considered as well .

6. One needs to pay attention to how people are responding to the message and adjust

technology , rather than being preoccupied with simply expressing oneself.

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 LESSON II

C O M M U N I C AT I O N

ETHICS

Lesson Objectives

1. Know How to communicate in an ethical manner.

2. Apply these ethical principles to their communication process.

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The US National Communication Association ( NCA 1999 ) discusses this in their Credo for

Ethical Communication , stating that “ Ethical communication is fundamental to responsible

thinking , decision making , and the development of relationship and communities within and

across contexts , Cultures , channels , and media . Moreover , ethical communication enhances

human worth and dignity by fostering truthfulness , fairness , responsibility , personal integrity

and respect for self and others .

We believe that unethical communication threatens the quality of all communication and

consequently the well-being of individuals and the society in which we live

4 Ethical Principles of Communication

1. Advocate truthfulness, accuracy, honesty, and reason as essential to the integrity of

communication

2. Endorses “ Freedom of expression, diversity of perspective, and tolerance of dissent to

achieve the informed and responsible decision-making fundamental to a civil society

3. States that they “ Condemn communication that degrades individuals and humanity

through distortion, intimidation, coercion, and violence and through the expression of

intolerance and hatred ”

4. Lastly , states that communicators should “ accept responsibility for the short and long

term consequences of our own communication and expect the same of others ”

Every time we communicate, we should consider the consequences of our actions. If people were

more responsible in their use of communication , there would be less conflict in this world , Even

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though the four principles above are short and concise they are important, because they help us

discern between ethical and unethical communicators.

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 Lesson III

C O M M U N I C AT I O N A N D G L O B A L I Z AT I O N

GLOBALIZATION

• Globalization has affected us in numerous ways. Airfare has become cheaper, and one

can travel Internationally more than one could in the past. Many Filipinos have decided

to work or live abroad, with some of them migrating to other countries.

• Because of the internet, the World seems to be shrinking continually. One can

communicate internationally in a matter of seconds, whether one is sending an email,

chatting in social media, or sending a text message

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David Crystal (2003) Says that “a language achieves a genuinely global status when it develops

a special role that is recognized in every country.

Crystal Also say that a language is a global? He means that he considers the implications of

English having this status, especially for its many users who speak different mother tongues.

The rise of English is a remarkable success story, when JuliusCaesar landed in Britain nearly

2,000 years ago, English did not exist. Five hundred years later, English, incomprehensible to

modern ears.

Robert McCrum et al. (1986) Discuss the “success story” of the rise of English. They also

provide a variety of examples that demonstrate the global presence of English.

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McCrum say that

“we should not talk of English but of many Englishes”

Because it is now more widely accepted fact that there are many World Englishes, sometimes

referred to as “ Varieties of English’’ used in the world.

• The most two well known varieties of English are those of the colonial superpowers;

British English and American English.

• English has a particular role as official language, medium of instruction, or even

language of law and government.

• English is also studied as a foreign language in some non-English speaking countries,

such as Holland and Yugoslavia , japan and Korea.

• All of these world englishes are equal in functionality, but not all are equal in prestige.

• English is equally idiosyncratic in say, India, Jamaica, Zimbabwe, or Singapore.’’ in

other words, there is no wrong way of speaking English as long as those who speak it

understand each other.

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According to Roberts & Turgeon,1998)

This is defined as consisting of the conventional vocabulary and usage of educated speakers and

writers of English.

RACE AND ETHNICITY

Racismis a form of discrimination against to a person or persons of a different race. In general, it

is best to avoid identifying people by race or ethnic group. Race is an emotionally charged topic,

so it is best to tread carefully with the language used and to refer to race, as Patricia Arinto

(2009).

According to Kitty Locker & Donna Kienzler (2013)

One should “ refer to a group by the term it prefers. Which means some research is required to

find out about acceptable and preferred terms.

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Chapter I Lesson I Test in Purposive Communication

Name:__________________________________ Score:_________________

Section:_________________________________ Date:_________________

Test I: Multiple Choice: Encircle the letter of the correct answer.

1. Mathematical theory of communication is also known as?

A. Communication model
B. Telephone model
C. Mathematics models
D. Telephones model

2. She discussed the different models of communication.

A. Prof. Romana C. Flores
B. Prof. Ramona A. Florez
C. Prof. Ramona S. Flores
D. Prof. Ramana B. Florez

3. Chapter one is all about _________________________.

A. Community in the Twenty – First Century
B. Comunication about Twenty – First Century
C. Comuniccation in the Twenty – First Century
D. Communication in the Twenty – First Century

4. He said that The Art Of Communication is the language of leadership.

A. James Humes
B. Jaime Hums
C. James Humss
D. James Hams

5. According to him The Art Of Ones Communication Reflect the art of one thinking
A. James Verlin (1984)
B. James Berlin (1982)
C. James Yap (1984)
D. James Reid(1982)

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Test II: Enumeration:

6-10 What are the Four Models of Communication? ( Plus 1 if answered all correctly)
6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

11-15 What are the five (5) Communication Skills

11.

12

13.

14.

15.

Test III: Fill in the blanks: Choose the correct answers from the box and write your answer on
the space provided. Write also the name of the models of the communication.

Audience , Feedback , Symbolizing

Receiving , Destination , Encoder
Message , Interpreter , Occasion,
Transmitting

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 SPEAKER SPEECH
__________
EFFECT

________________

Information Transmitter
source ____________
Reception
SENDER CHANNELS DECODER RECEIVER

_-----------------
--__________
MODEL:___________________________________________________

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 Message

ENCODER
ENCODER
___________
INTERPRETER
DECODER
DECODER

MODEL: _____________________________________________________________

THINKING _____________ EXPRESSING

MONITORING _______________

___________ RECODING ____________

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MODEL:_____________________________________________________________

ESSAY: Answer the given questions and write your answers on the back page.

1. As a 21st Century learner, why communication is really a need?

2. Explain the quotation “The Art Of Communication is the Language of

Leadership.”

Chapter 1 Lesson 2 Test in Purposive Communication

Name:__________________________________ Score:_________________

Section:_________________________________ Date:_________________

Test I: Crossword Puzzle. Arrange the jumbled letters and find the correct word in the
crossword puzzle and encircle.

TIHLAEC 1.___________, UMHAINYT 2. ________, SEEHCPES 3. __________

TYSOIEC 4._____________, HICSTE 5.___________ , PRESEXSION 6._______________,PRSSEXE

7.____________________

OIMMCNNCAUTO 8. ______________________, AVOATECD 9._________________, CONMIMACETU 10.

___________________

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C Q N G H P K M I L J E V U T S J K L

B A D V O C A T E G P X Q P R E E I N

D C E F X W C E H J L P K X W F X H P

K P O C Y B S O C I E T Y O Y D P Q M

E B Z S O A D F M N I A B Z C G R S Y

T V C O M M U N I C A T I O N R E O W

H A V R T Q M C B D E E C Z H T S U V

I E T H I C S U A C L N E L X Z S X L

C E F U X O P Q N T O C A T F E D K O

A D C M Y Z W R P I X B B C H G H M P

L C V A W S S P E E C H E S J I N V O

B O G N U B T U H I C A C X W L C K P

Z P H I K L W V B G K K T C T N L A X

C N N T Q T X Z D E X P R E S S I O N

L C J Y S R A C Y B C R P T N A P B C

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Test II: Fill in the blanks. Answer the given questions and write your answer on the blanks
provided.

In their credo, there are four (4) ethical principles of communication that are especially relevant
for students today.

Firstly, they “advocate 1.______________, 2.________________ 3. ______________ and

reason as essential to the integrity of communication”

Secondly, NCA also endorses “ 4. ____________________________, 5.

___________________ , and tolerance of dissent to achieve the informed and responsible
decision-making fundamental to a civil society.”

Thirdly, the NCA (1999) states that they “ condemn communication that degrades individuals
and humanity through 6.________________, 7. ______________

8. _______________ and 9. __________ and through the expression of intolerance and hatred”

Lastly, the NCA (1999) states that communicators should “ accept 10._____________ for the
short and long term consequences of our own communication and expect the same of others.

Test III. ESSAY: Kindly answer the given question and write your answer at the back page. (5
pts each)

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 1. What is ethics?

2. Why do you think there should be ethics in communication?

Chapter I Lesson III Test in Puposive Communication

Name:__________________________________ Score:_________________

Section:_________________________________ Date:_________________

Test I: Identification. Identify the needed word and write your answer on the space provided.

________________1. He was the one who discussed the “success story” of the rise of English.

________________2. It has affected us in numerous ways .

________________3. He begins the first chapter of the book English as a Global Language with the
assertion that English is, in fact, the global language.

________________4. It is a form of discrimination against a person or persons of different race.

________________5. It is a form of discrimination against other people because of their age, or assuming
that older people are less physically, intellectually, and, emotionally able than other age groups.

________________6. Discrimination in this area often arises because of lack of understanding and
awareness.

________________7. It is a prejudice against a person or people because of their social class.

________________8. It refers to the prejudice and discrimination based on sex or gender.

________________9. What are the two most well-known varieties of English.

________________10.

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Test II. Fill in the blanks. Suffice the needed words and write your answer on the space provided.

Aspect American English (US) British English (UK)

She said, “I’ll be at work by 8 She said, “I’ll be at work by 8

a.m.” a.m.”

11._________________

Date March 2, 2017 12. __________________

Center, color, organize,program 13. ___________ 14.

____________ 15. _________
Spelling 16. ___________

Elevator, pants, diapers 17. ___________, 18. _______

19. ___________
Words

20. ________________ Knickers in a twist

Expression/Local Idiom

Do you have that book? Have you got that book?

Grammar

Vase/vas/ - sounds like VEYZ Vase /va:z/ - sounds likeVAHZ

Pronunciation

Test III: Enumeration: Suffice the needed words

21-25 What are the general principles to follow when referring to different groups or categories

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21.

22.

23.

24.

25.

Test IV: Essay. Kindly answer the given questions.

1. What is discrimination? 5 pts

2. How to overcome different discriminations? 10 pts

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 Chapter II

Public Speaking and Reports in the Information Age

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 LESSON 1: PUBLIC SPEAKING

INTRODUCTION

The introduction of public speaking cannot be denied. Great speeches have moved nations to war

and revolution; they inspired and move people to act. What people say, and how they say it can

get them elected in public office or create a new movement in society. For the Greeks, public

speaking was political in nature, and the spoken word was thought to be such an important skill

that citizens were thought the art of rhetoric.

Public speaking is an important life skill, yet few people master it, in fact, many people are afraid

of speaking in public. However, the significance of public office speaking has only gotten

stronger in contemporary times, Public speaking platforms such as TED Talks and YouTube,

have captured and disseminated public speech to an unprecedented scale, and one say at the spur

of the moment can live forever on the internet. Great speeches have created hope in perilous

situations, and have made people change their minds about the world and their places in it.

According to acclaimed public speakers Dale Carnegie and Joseph Berg Esenwein (2007).

“Public speaking is public utterance, public issuance, of the man himself: therefore, the first

thing both in time and importance is that the man should be and think and feel things that are

worthy of being given forth”

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A Short History of Public Speaking

The most well-known public speaking traditions came from the West, specifically from

the Greco-Roman tradition. The Greeks studied the art of rhetoric on the island of Sicily, and it

begin with a practical need. Their government had been overthrown, a new democracy was

formed, and Greek court were filled with clashing property claims. The Greek teacher of

rhetoric, Corax and his student, Tisias, proceeded to help citizens when it came to speaking

persuasively in courts of law, and this led to the expansion of the teaching of rhetoric to

mainland Greece. According to Corax a basic speech has three parts, the introduction, evidence,

and conclusion. And his simple organization of speeches has endured throughout the ages

(Morreale 2010).

Other famous Greek teachers were Protagoras, the father of debate, who made his students

argue for against issue of the day, to sharpen their reasoning skills and appreciate different sides

of an issue. And there was the famous philosopher, Aristotle, also known as the father of modern

communication. Aristotle wrote a treatise entitled “Rhetoric” where he discussed the use of logos

(logical argument). pathos (emotional argument), and ethos (the speaker’s character and

credibility, in the use of persuasive speaking (Morreale, 2010)

According to Grenville KLEISER (2009). In successful methods in public speaking

“Thegreatorators of the world did not regard eloquence as simply an endowment of nature, but

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applied themselves, diligently to cultivating their powers of expression “The most famous orator

in Ancient Greece was Demosthenes. In the beginning, he had many flaws when it came to

public speaking, chief among them were his stammer and weak voice. According to Kleiser

(2009), Demosthenes practiced by declaiming on the seashore with pebbles in his mouth,

walking up and downhill while reciting” and that his speeches were known for their deliberation

and forethought.

On the other hand, the most famous Roman orator was Cicero, whose eloquence was described

as a “resistless torrent” (kleiser, 2009) Cicero was statesman who argued that the teaching of

rhetoric should be considered an art form, and that this could be useful in “all practical and

public affairs” Cicero believed that in order to use certain strategies, such as using humor,

questions, etc. to engage the audience (Morreale 2010)

The Roman lawyer and educator, Quintilian, also forwarded the idea that people speakers should

be ethical. According to Morreale (2010), the ideal speaker was “a good man speaking well. a

good speaker is ethical and of high character and speaking well-meant being well-informed and

presenting the speech effectively

It is interesting to note that during these times, women were not allowed speak publicity in this

countries, and that for a long time this was true for women in other areas of the world. However,

during pre-colonial times. The Philippines was one of the few places that allow women to

speaking public for the purpose of presiding over religious rituals. These women are the warriors

were known Babaylan, priestesses of community and along with the warrior’s community. The
39
mandirigma, they were the leaders of pre-colonial Philippines (Mallari, 2013) Although most of

the babaylan were women, babaylan priests also existed, wearing feminine clothing and adopting

feminized role in Philippine society.

The Philippine actually has its own tradition of public speaking. It is called different words in

different regions in the Philippines. According to Monte mayor (n.d), among the tagalogs, the

karagatan is said to be a game where in young men and woman duel with each other using words

when it comes to talking about love, while the “Huwego de prenda … is a game to entertain

quests and the bereaved family during wakes” During the American period, the more widely

known balagtasan was also staged, on order to honor Francisco Balagtas a well-known Filipino

poet. The balagtasan is ‘like an ordinary debate, except that one has to reason and ague in verse.

Two master poets are assigned to defend the pros and cons of an issue, and a board of judges sits

to determine the winner” at first whole enterprise was scripted and staged, but theater, they were

made in a more impromptu manner.

40
 Speech of the Troops at Tilbury

Queen Elizabeth 1

My Loving people,

We have been persuaded by some that are careful of our safely, to take heed how we

commit ourselves to armed multitudes, for fear of treachery: but I assure you I do not desire to

live to distrust my faithful and loving people, let tyrants fear. I have always so behaved myself

that, under God, I have placed my heart my cheapest strength and safeguard in the loyal hearts

and good-will of my subject; and therefore I am come amongst you. As you see, at this time, not

my recreation and disport, but being resolved in the midst and heat of the bottles to live and die

amongst you all; to lay down for my God, and for my kingdom, and my people honor and my

blood even in the dust.

I know I have the body but of a weak and feeble woman; but I have the heart and stomach

of a king, and a king of England too, and think foul skarn that Parma or Spain, or any prince of

Europe, should dare to invade the boarders of my realm; to which rather than any dishonor shall

grow by me, I myself will take up arms, I myselfwill be your general, judge, and rewarder of

every one of your virtues in the field

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 I know already, for your forwardness you have deserved rewards and crow; and we do assure

you in the word of a prince. They shall be duty paid you, in the meantime, my lieutenant general

shall be in my stead, then whom never prince commanded a more noble, or worthy subject; not

doubting but by your obedience to my general, by your concord in the camp, and your velour in

the field. We shall shortly have a famous victory over those enemies of my God, of my kingdom,

and my people.

SPEECHES OF THE TROOPS AT TILBURY

( BY QUEEN ELIZABETH I)

SHORT BACKGROUND OF THE TEXT

This speech was delivered by queen ElizabethI to the troops at Tilbury on July 1588. According

to the Britishlibrary (2017), “the defeat of the Spanish armada in 1588 has long been held as one

of England’s greatest military achievements. This documents records the famous speech

delivered by queen Elizabeth to her troops who were assembled at tilbury camp to defend the

country against a Spanish invasion on such an unprecedented scale boosted the prestige of

England’s queen Elizabeth I and encouraged a sense of English pride and nationalism. In the

speech, Elizabeth defends her strength as a female leader, saying ‘I know I have the body but of

a weak and feeble woman; but I have the heart and stomach of a king, and of a king of England

too.’ “It is possible to see the historic document that recorded the speech at the website of the

website of the British library. Simply go to this link:

http://www.Bl.Uk/learning/timeline/item102878.Html(retrievedApril 11, 2017).

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 Chapter II Lesson I Test in Puposive Communication

Name:__________________________________ Score:_________________

Section:_________________________________ Date:_________________

Test I. Fill in the blanks: Fill each blank with the correct answer. Write your answer on the

blank provided.

1. Public speaking is an important skill, yet few people master it.

2. The importance of public speaking cannot be

3. The most well-known public speaking traditions come from the West, especially from

the __________________ tradition.

4-5. The studied the art of rhetoric on the island of Sicily,

and it began with a________________________ need.

Test II. TRUE OR FALSE

Directions: Read each statement below carefully. Place a T on the line if you think a

statement is TRUE. Place an F on the line if you think the statement is FALSE.

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_________1. Protagoras wrote a treatise entitled “rhetoric”.

_________2. Aristotle is the father of debate.

_________3. Protagoras known as the father of modern communication.

_________4. Fancisco Balagtas is well-known Filipino poet.

_________5. The Balagtasan is like an ordinary debate, except that one has to reason and argue

in verse.

Test III. Enumeration

1-3. The Greek teachers of rhetoric.

1.

2.

3.

4-6. Three parts of basic speech.

4.

5.

6.

7-10. What are the given examples of visual aids?

44
7.

8.

9.

10

TEST IV. ESSAY. Kindly answer the given questions. (5 pts each)

1. Why do you think it is important to know the history of public speaking?

45
 LESSON 2

THE TOOLS NEEDED IN CRITICAL/CREATIVE REPORTS

THE TOOLS NEEDED IN CRITICAL/CREATIVE REPORTS

 INTRODUCTION

Speeches can be so effective they trigger adrenaline, while other speeches, trigger a sense

of peace and calm in the midst of chaos. Great speakers have been called hypnotic,

magnetic, and charismatic, and this is not just because they have a compelling message,

but because of the captivating manner they deliver these speeches, as well.

 PERFORMANCE

Speeches are performances, and they are delivered best when they have the feel of

authenticity and earnestness. People respond when they think that the one speaking is

being honest and sincere, and they respond more strongly when they feel that they can

relate to the speaker in question.

 PLAN THE SPEECH

It is best to choose one’s words carefully, and to ensure that one’s speech builds on the

foundations of logos, pathos, and ethos.

46
 EYE CONTACT

One way of coming across as authentic is the ability to make good eye contact with the

audience, and to speak in a manner that touches them.

 SPEAKING STYLE

Different people have different speaking styles, and one can only find one’s personal style

through constant practice.

 HAND GESTURES

Hand gestures can create as much of an impact as the content of the speech itself. They must look

smooth and natural, rather than robotic or artificial. Hand gestures can be useful signposts in

making a point.

 RECORDING THE SPEECH FOR FEEDBACK

One of the best practices in public speaking is to videotape speakers. The speakers can watch it

for feedback and to assess their mannerisms and gestures during the speech

47
 PEER EVALUATION

It is not enough to be given a grade for the speech, or just be accorded high praise. Feedback from

people is important, and this will be a great tool in improving one’s speech and ones speaking

style in general.

 APPEARANCE

It is important to look credible and worthy of respect. But it depends on the kind of audience.

 CLOTHING

Traditional audiences often call for more formal clothing. For men, donning a suit and tie at most

formal level, or at the very least for the women, a formal coat and a skirt should suffice. In less

formal instances, a dress or blouse and skirt should do as well.

 GOOD GROOMING

As long as ones looks are neat and clean, that should be enough to satisfy most audiences

requirements. It is always best to know the cultural expectations of the audience and the venue.

48
 VISUAL AIDS

Since we live in a world that is more dependent on information technology, audiences expect

speeches to be accompanied with visual aids. Such as PowerPoint presentations, multimedia and

infographics. Any of these are acceptable as long as they are relevant to the topic at hand.

 POWERPOINT PRESENTATIONS

When it comes to the use of PowerPoint, the font size of the text is not too small. An acceptable

size would be 24 or larger, and the text should be in dark colors for easier reading. The best

power points are not text-heavy; instead, they are visually oriented, which is why the use of

multimedia would better serve ones use of the medium.

 HANDOUTS

It would be best to have handouts ready for one’s audience, so that the audience will not have to

scramble when taking notes during presentation.

 FEEDBACK

It is always good to read the verbal and non-verbal cues from the audience, such as whether they

agree with what one is saying or whether they are resisting to certain ideas, mirrored by their use

of body language.

49
  CONCLUSION

In the end, public speaking is a dynamic performance that is meant to disseminate information,

create gender awareness, and evoke emotions in the audience. It is utilized by teachers, lawyers,

politicians, and the like. It has been used effectively to promote human rights on the street and to

create policies in government.

SAMPLE REPORTS

• News reports are still the best samples when it comes to delivering the best reports. We will be

taking up two reports, one historical and one more recent.

Chapter II Lesson II Test in Purposive Communication

Name:__________________________________ Score:_________________

Section:_________________________________ Date:_________________

Test I: Identification. Identify the needed word and write your answer on the space

provided.

___________________1. When it comes to the use of this, one should ensure that the font of the

text is not too small.

50
___________________2. They are delivered best when they have the feel of authenticity and

earnestness.

___________________3. Traditional audiences look often for more formal ______________.

___________________4. This is a must, that extends to one’s hair to nails.

___________________5. Different people have different _____________, and one can only find

one’s personal style through constant practice.

___________________6. When it comes to this, it is important to look credible and worthy of

respect.

___________________7. It is important to have discerning teachers, coaches or peers to provide

feedback.

___________________8. It is important to engage the audience and to speak in a manner that

touches them. This will help you to connect with your audience.

___________________9. This can create as much of an impact as the content of the speech.

They must look smooth and natural than robotic or artificial.

___________________10. One of the best practices in public speaking is to videotape speakers.

___________________11. Powerpoint presentations, video clips, audio clips and infographics

are examples of this.

51
___________________12. It is important to express oneself in an expressive and articulate

manner. It is best to choose one’s words carefully.

___________________13. In the end, public speaking is a performance that is meant to

disseminate information.

___________________14. It would be best to have this ready for one’s audience, so that

members when taking notes during the presentations.

___________________15. Although the speech is a performance, it is also one where the

audience can participate.

Test II. ESSAY: Kindly answer the given question and write your answer at the back page.

(5 pts each)

1. Why public speaking is a performance?

2. Do you want to be a good public speaker? Why or why not?

3. Why is it important to match one’s appearance to one’s audience?

52
 LESSON 3

T E D TA L K S A N D C R I T I C A L / C R E AT I V E T H I N K I N G I N

T O D AY ’ S S O C I E T Y

 Sometimes, people with good public speaking skills and mediocre ideas get more

attention than people with the great ideas but average public speaking skills. That’s

actually a problem.

 According to John Bates, “I think the worlds need people with great ideas to have the

communication skills to match, because we need those ideas more than ever” (Quoted in

Clark, D.) When people have good ideas, they should be able to share it with others.

There are times when funding a good idea relies solely on one’s public speaking skills, or

times when groundbreaking ideas need to be shared to create a social revolution.

 It is important to know that content is king. Whatever one chooses to talk about, it should

come from a place passion. One’s enthusiasm for the topic should shine, and it should be

something worth sharing to the world. All the research in the world will not matter if one

does not feel strongly about the topic. After all, the slogan of TED Talks is,” Ideas Worth

Sharing,” and not, A Few O.K. Ideas.”

 When people speak in front of an audience, they are already on a place of vulnerability,

which is why some people freeze up or are afraid of showing their emotions. The

opposite should take place-speakers should use their emotions to connect to the audience-

53
 it makes them more relatable and more accessible. Personal anecdotes are great ways to

connect to an audience.

 Lastly, it is important to speak slowly so the audience can understand the concepts one

talks about. the temptation is to speak as fast as you can in order to get the experience

over and done with, but that would simply give a bad impression.

There really isn’t much more to say. The best way to know how to give a TED talk is to

watch several, and to study what makes them effective. And the best way to present a TED

talk is to practice and prepare, as much as possible.

The titles that follow are TED talks in different topics. You are to analyze each TED talk.

links are already provided for your access.

1. “What Are You Creating for Yourself?” (Isaac Lidsky)

2. “All It Takes is 10 Minutes” (Andy Puddicombie)

3. “Confessions of a Bad Feminist” (Roxanne Gray)

4. “Life, Learning and Filipino Martial Arts” (Felipe Jocano Jr.)

5. “What Makes a Good Life?” (Robert Waldinger)

54
 Chapter III

The Documented Essay on a Concept

55
Lesson 1: Academic Research and the Documented Essay in the 21st Century

Academic Writing –it is the presenting of ideas in a rational, organized, systematic, reasonable,

and also in a logic way.

Academic Writing Should Be:

 Based on facts

 Researched and not the writer’s opinion

 To critically analyse the subject matter while taking previous research into account

Academic Writing Should not be:

 Sound pompous

 Difficult to read

 Ungrammatical/Non-Standard/Informal

Process of Academic Writing:

 Posing a question

 Problematizing a concept

 Evaluating opinion and ends with;

 Answering the question

56
  Clarifying the problem

Academic Discourse–it involves how we alter our communication when engaged in academic

discussions.

Example: Textbook, Presentation, Research Articles, Lectures/Discussion, Essay Writing...

Purpose of Academic Writing:

 Inform

 Argue

 Persuade

Informal/Non-Standard Usages More Formal/Precise Equivalents

Alright, alot, discuss about, cope up with All right, a lot, result in, discuss, cope with

Good as is “good” book Entertaining, insightful, instructive

Can’t, won’t, she’s, I’ll, didn’t Cannot, will not, she is, I will, did not

Gonna, gotta Going to, have to

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Anyways, boring as hell, bored to death, major Anyway, boring or uninteresting, extremely

downer bored, depressing

I got here late: she got out of the office, he got a I arrived here late, she left the office, he

call, they got gas received a call, they loaded gas or they refuelled

ASAP, BTW, SOP As soon as possible, by the way, standard

operating procedure

University of the Philippines, Ateneo De Manila

UP, ADMU, DLSU University, De La Salle University

Hit the sack, loo, comfort room Sleep, toilet/bathroom

Laugh out loud, away from keyboard, no reply

Lol, adfk, nrn, #feels necessary, a wave of emotions

A Balanced and Credible Voice

-Besides using clear and specific languages, academic writing should not be stiff, or stilted and

somber tone.

-In academic writing, this means doing away emoting punctuation marks like exclamation

points(!) whether single or multiple (!!!), and dramatic ellipses (...) used as a way of trailing off.

58
Cluttered Writing:

-I found the dulaang UP play Haring Lear (King Lear) to be bot just entertaining, but also

insightful because I felt that the Tagalog translation effectively and humorously conveyed the

spirit of Shakespearoriginal dysfunctional family. To a contemporary Filipino audience.

Tighter Writing:

The dulaang UP play Haring Lear (King Lear) was not just entertaining but insightful because

theTagalog translation effectively and humorously conveyed the spirit of Shakespear original

dysfunctional family to a contemporary Filipino audience.

Writer Focused:

Our group conducted a survey on 100 University of the Philippines freshmen to find out their

opinions on the new academic calendar.

Focused on the Subject:

A survey on 100 University of the Philippines freshmen to find out their opinions on the new

academic calendar.

Sample Informal Paragraph:

I usually go out with someone to be relaxed and have fun. As a student, I go out to escape all the

stress of school stuff. Which is why going out with someone who talks like a research paper

wouldn’t be such a good thing. I will end up getting bored, and still stuck, with the things I get

enough of in school. It would end up in boredom instead of fun and excitement.

59
Sample Revision:

People typically engaged in dating activities in order to relax and to enjoy themselves. For

students, dating is an escape from their hectic academic lives. Thus, if one’s date turns out to be

a person who talks like a research paper, the purpose of the activity will be defeated. These

experience would be neither engaging nor interesting because one would be faced with dreaded

academic topics and discussions. Essentially, the date will be a tedious rather than enjoyable one.

Socially and Culturally Relevant Topic

-one final important myth to debunk is academic papers deals with topics that are likely to bear

both the writers and the reader.

-in reality, students writer are often allowed to select their own topic within a more general area

specified by the teachers, the course and the discipline.

Documented Essays

Academic suggests more than just the style and tone of writing.

Documented Essay/Academic Papers essential aspect is the credibility and it’s contribution to

scholarly studies.

60
Writers are required to:

1. To read and gathered information from a variety of relevant sources on a chosen

topic.

2. Clearly acknowledge the supporting sources

3. Add to scholarship by selecting, arranging, commenting on, or even debunking

the information from the sources.

Documented Essays vs. Standard Essays

1. Both consist of an introduction withexplicitly stated argument/thesis,

three or more supporting paragraphs, and conclusion.

Standard Essay- generally known facts, personal experiences of the writer.

Documented Essay-requires concrete supporting information from a relevant

sources.

2. FAILURE TO PROPERLY CITE A SOURCE RESULTS IN THE

DEADLIEST OF ACADEMIC SINS: PLAGIARISM

61
Plagiarism

1. Do not plagiarise.

2. Plagiarism is once you borrowed someone else words and make these appear as your

own.

3. When a person copies word for word, a sentence, paragraph, a whole article, a section of

book, or different sections of long article or book written by marks.

4. When a person borrows someone else ideas, rewards them to make ideas seem like

his/her own.

5. When a person translate to Filipino or other Philippine languages someone else ideas that

were expressed in English or other foreign languages and fails to be enclose the translated

material in quotation marks.

6. Even when a person frames the ideas of a writer in another way or in a different

language, and conveniently forgets to acknowledge the source of the ideas that still

constitutes plagiarism.

7. There is nothing wrong in borrowing an author’s ideas. We encourage students to

research the wealth of materials available in booms or the internet to expand their

knowledge and bolster their own critical position. But we never should forget or fail to

give recognition of who inspired us, whose conceptual framework we found applicable to

our research, or whose powerful ideas stirred us to develop our own.

8. I summarized my lecture on plagiarism with one Filipino word: KATAPATAN.

9. I liken a plagiarism to a mother who borrows a ganta of rice from a neighbour and forgets

that what saved her family for the day was kindness of the neighbour.

62
Tell tale signs of Plagiarism:

10. A plagiarist always leaves behind a trail of tell tale signs.

11. The trail begins with just a turn of phrase without the quotation marks. As human being,

we think a like but we develop and express our ideas in our own individual styles.

12. The students may become desperate and so surfs for an article in the internet in the

website she/he thinks is obscure enough.

13. A political science professor, for instance, had half of her class submitting an assignment

with exactly the same wordings.

14. Some students are not clever in plagiarising.

15. We would like to think that graduate students would already have attained sufficient

maturity and independence of thinking and would likely not commit plagiarism.

16. In UP we have been known to remove from our faculty roll a teacher who copied an

American textbook and simply change the American names to Filipino names.

Effects of Plagiarism:

17. Borrowing is not a crime. This is a statement in repeat over and over but; always warn

them to never fail use quotation mark and foot note or end note.

63
 18. Why do students copy? It begins in the way of student in the elementary and high school

are trained for lack of information.

19. For undergraduate students, I believe that their plagiarism is born more out of desperation

intent.

20. Why do I said against? It is because claiming another one’s word dishonest.

21. KATAPATAN is all that required to keep us our integrity and dignity intact.

Writing a Document Essay and Avoiding Plagiarism

 Plagiarism is actually easily avoided by finding out how to properly “borrow” someone

else word of idea.

Example on how to avoid plagiarism:

Paraphrase- read it and put it into your own words. Make sure that you did is not copying.

Cite- citing is one of the effective ways to avoid plagiarism follow the document formatting

guidelines.

Quoting-when quoting a source, use the quote exactly the way it appears. CITING QUOTES

-citing a quote can be different by citing paraphrased materials. REFERENCE

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-One of the most important ways to avoid plagiarism is including reference page or page of work

cited at the end of the research paper.

 Be aware of the purpose and style of the document essay.

Document Essay-is piece of writing in which you incorporate information –facts,

arguments, opinion taking from the writings of authorities in a particular field.

 William H. Robert and Gregoire Turgeon Authors of about language. A reader for

writers defined this as one in which the supported for their own ideas as well be evidence.

Essay is the main argument and conclusion are thinking sources or reference to develop

her claim.

 A scholarly Documented Essay should be also written using appropriate level of

language, from middleto formal which means that there should be no contraction,

colloquial word choices, profanity or slang. Idiomatic expression, localized expressions

or non English words should be explained, translated or contextualized.

 When writing an academic essay you need to keep in mind that all borrowed materials

need to be documented.

 According to Roberts and Turgeon, plagiarism lies not in what you intend but in what

you actually do.

65
Three Essential Element of Attribution:

 In text or parenthetic citation

 A list of work cited, an attribution

 Reference to all author or title of the source and it necessary brief information to the

discussion.

 At the end of the paper must list all sources that have been cited or mentioned

 Bibliographic information about these sources will appear in alphabetically arranged list

of work cited.

The following information is required:

1. Author’s name

2. Title of the text

3. Publication place

4. Publisher

5. Publication Date

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 Lesson 2

Critical Thinking, Collaboration and the Writing Process

The Writing Stage of Writing Process

The second stage of writing process. This is writing or “The act or producing a first draft”.

Which Donald Murray (1973) says is the “fastest” part of the writing process, taking up as little

as 1% of writers time. That’s because if the essay is well planned, drafting will not be difficult.

Moreover, the product of drafting is only an initial draft.

According to Educator Murray Suid and Wanda Lincoln (1989) writing or drafting is “Like

making a sketch for painting: paint’s doesn’t worry about getting all the lines perfect the first

time”. Similarly the writer does not expect to get all the words and information right in the first

draft.

The Rewriting Stage of the Writing Process

The third involves “researching, rethinking, redesigning, rewriting and finally, line by line

editing, the demanding, satisfying process of making every word right” (Murray 1972). In this

stage, the writer reviews the paper to see how it may be improved asking questions such as:

 Is the title appropriate and effective?

 Is the first paragraph interesting and compelling? Is it related to the topic?

 Does the introduction include a clearly stated main idea?

67
  Are transitions and connections between ideas smooth and signed clearly?

 What needs to be added, omitted, or reorganized?

 Is there anything confusing or unclear in the content of the essay?

 What should be edited in properly acknowledged via intext citations and bibliographic

list?

In many writing classes, the writing stage becomes collaborative, not just when the instructor

gives the student writer feedback, but also when student read one another’s essay and comments

on these in a workshop or peer review sessions. It is ideal to get concrete feedback from more

than one reader on aspects of content, grammar, mechanics, documentation and style; so that

later drafts benefit from readers suggestions.

Lesson 3:

Concept of Social and Cultural Significance in the Philippines

The final lesson focuses more specifically on how to write a document essay on a concept of

social and cultural significance. In this final lesson, you will apply what you learned in the two

previous lessons to write a documented essay on a concept of social and cultural significance,

which you will read or represent to your peers.

68
Before Reading Task

1. Consider what you think of the term “concept”. Do a free-writing exercise in which you try to

define the word (A free-writing exercise is when you are told to write anything that comes to

mind connected to the word “concept”. This means that you should keep your pen continuously

moving for ten minutes without censoring yourself.)

2. After you have came up with your own overall definition of “concept” look up the definition

from three different credible source of the term “concept”. Don’t forget to jot down bibliographic

source information.

3. Then write one of documented paragraph that explains what “concept” means from both and

others that you would enjoy writing about, especially concepts relevant to Filipinos like you.

The Writing Concept

The term “concept” is a synonym for an idea, motion or thought. More importantly thought,

“concept” may also refer to a perception about something.

69
70
 Chapter III Test in Purposive Communication

Name:__________________________________ Score:_________________

Section:_________________________________ Date:_________________

Test I. Direction: Encircle the letter of the correct answer.

1. “Writing is first and foremost a social activity; that the act of writing can be a means of learning and
discovery.”

A. Oslon 1999 B. Bolton 1998 C. Olson 1990 D. Murray 1995

2. He proposed that teachers should “Teach Writing as a Process, not a Product.”

A. Anne Murray B. Aristotle C. Donald M. Murray D. Michael Flachmann

3. Parts of writing as a process.

A. I. Introduction B. Introduction C. I. Introduction

II. Body II. Development II. Statement of the problem

III. Conclusion III. Conclusion III. Objectives

4. Is a synonym for an idea, motion or thought.

A. Concept B. Writing C. Paragraph D. Essay

5. ________ is not only a social activity but a collaborative one.

A. Speaking B. Hearing C. Concept D. Writing

Test II:Directions: Write the INITIAL OF YOUR CRUSH then write (T) if the statement is true
and write the NAME OF YOUR EX then write (F) if the statement is false.

______ 1. Documented essays are generally known facts, personal experiences of the writer.

71
______ 2. Academic suggests more than just the style and tone writing.
______ 3. Standard essay requires concrete supporting information from a relevant sources.

______ 4. Katarungan is all that required to us to keep our dignity intact.

______ 5.According to Roberts and Turgeon “plagiarism” lies not in what you intend but in what you
actually do.

Test III: Directions: Write the correct answer on the space provided. (10 points)

______ 1. It involves how we alter our communication when engaged in academic discussions.

______ 2. It is the presenting of ideas, in a rational, organized, systematic, reasonable, and also in a
logic way.

______ 3. It is the Chapter III’s main topic.

______4-6 Purposes of academic writing.

______ 4.

______ 5.

______ 6.

______ 7. Filipino word of Plagiarism

______ 8. When you borrow someone else’s words and make these appear as your own.

______ 9. Essential aspect is the credibility and its contribution to scholarly studies.

______ 10The process of reading it and putting it into your own words without copying the whole
paragraph.

Test IV: Directions: Encircle the words on the puzzle that are related to the topic we discussed
and write it down in the space provided. (10 points)

Q B P R E C I S E A
72
H U R E S D G T J C
K O O A W E U G R A
L E B T R L T F O D
F X L S I A R A V E
A C E P T N U L E M
R I M P I M G S R I
D T A K N I G H E C
E A T S G A M P A I
Z M I Y G Q Z E R R
I E Z B G Q L O V E
N T I N F O R M A L
A S N M I S S U J L
G Y G S O B A D S M
R S Z V Y P A I E C
O P I N I O N Y O F
1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

73
8.

9.

10.

74
 CHAPTER IV

Corporate Culture and Communication

75
In this chapter, you will be introduced to corporate culture and communication.

Chapter Objectives;

• know the principles of communication in the corporate workplace and the importance of

appropriate language in maintaining professionalism;

• know about work trends and corporate culture, as they relate to intercultural communication, in

the Philippines and the world;

• gain critical thinking and writing skills to adapt their communication style and language to

different professional context and;

• practice writing professional correspondence and basic workplace documents in activities that

simulate what happens in the real world

LESSON 1

THE PRINCIPLE OF PROFESSIONAL COMMUNICATION

• Increase awareness on the importance of social context in language use.

• Understand why Carol Jenny said in his book entitled Introduction to linguistic course “that

people use language differently depending on the social situation that they in.”

Lesson objectives:

By the end of this lesson, you should be able to;

1. describe the purpose and features of the register of professional communication;

76
 2. know the principles that guide professional communication; and

3. apply these principles by revising professional documents or excerpts from these

Professional Purpose

All kind of professional writing have specific purposes related to the workplace setting.

• First purpose is to record important workplace information.

• Second purpose is to give or ask for information from people within the company via memos,

outside the company via business letters, or either of the two via professional reports.

• Third purpose is to persuade readers to take action- pay a fee, buy something, accept changes,

give someone a job, etc.

A professional document may also be written will all three purpose in mind, such as in a resume,

which record a person’s skills and professional achievement, give information about these and

persuades a prospective employer to hire or her based on these.

Example: Resume

Audience Professional – Professional writing targets a specific audience, sometimes one reader,

sometimes multiple readers.

77
The audience may be homogenous one; a “discourse community” with the same level of

technical knowledge: “a group of people who share assumption about what channel, formats and

style to use for communication, what topic to discuss. And how to discuss them, and what

constitute evidence.

The Style of Professional Writing - According to Kitty Locker, effective professional writing is

reader-centered, emphasizes the positive and uses bias-free language.

Firstly, adopting a professional style means adopting a reader perspective in writing.

Secondly, important aspect of a professional style is the emphasis on the positive In order to

build a positive image and good/s.

The third aspect is its use of bias-free language.

Professional writers and speakers should use language “that does not discriminate against people

on the basis of sex, physical condition, race, age, or any other category.” (Locker and Kienzler,

2013)

Professional Language - Professional documents require language that is appropriate to the

workplace setting: polite, professional rather than overly personal, grammatically accurate.

Firstly, polite language is essential in a context wherein there are power assymetries.

78
Secondly, both personal matters and overly friendly language should not appear in workplace

correspondence in the example given.

Third, it should go without saying that professional should exhibit grammatical accuracy in the

use of standard English.

Fourth, professional writing can be made clear and direct by the avoidance of what is called

“business jargon”

Fifth, and the final point is that emojis or emoticons and shortcuts that are commonly used in the

text messages and electronic communication have no place in professional writing.

Genres of Professional Writing

MOST COMMON FORMS OF PROFESSIONAL WRITING

Letters/Business Letters

- is a document that conveys information to a member of one organization from someone

outside of the organization.

- an external communication.

- must contain an inside address and a signature block.

- also contains salutation (openings) and complimentary close (closing)

Standard Salutation Formats

79
 - consist of word “Dear” followed by Mr., Ms., Dr., Prof., etc. of the recipient, last name

and a colon.

Conventional Complimentary Closes

- includes Sincerely, Respectfully, Best regards, and Yours truly.

- letter is formatted in a way that makes the information easy to see and understand.

COMPANY LETTER HEAD

(two or more blank lines)

Date of letter

(two or more blank lines)

Name of Recipient

Position / Designation of Recipient

Address of Recipient

(one blank line)

First single-spaced paragraph

(one blank line)

Second single-spaced paragraph

80
 (one blank line) Second single-spaced paragraph

(one blank line)

Third single-spaced paragraph

(one blank line)

Complimentary close

(three blank lines for sender’s sign)

Name of Sender

Title / Designation of Sender

Memo (Memorandum)

-Is a document written by a member of an organization to one/more members of the same

organization. (William Pfeiffer)

-Is an internal communication

-Gives date, the addresses and sender, and subject of the memo in standard format.

Memo Template

(two inches of blank space)

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MEMORANDUM OR MEMO

To: Reader’s names (individual/group name) designation/job titles

(one blank line)

From: Writer’s name and designation/job title

(one blank line)

Date: Current date

(one blank line)

Subject: What the memo is about

(two blank lines)

First single-spaced paragraph:

(one blank line)

Second single-spaced paragraph:

(one blank line)

Third single-spaced paragraph:

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The Design Principles of Professional Writing

-One final feature of professional writing is that, it is very attentive to design principles.

There are keys to consider in professional writing, like:

• Good design element

- which are tied to the purpose of professional writing not only to persuade teaders to

take action, but also to record information clearly so that the key points will be easily to see.

• Negative Space or White Space

-this is essential for allowing the audience to engage with the content in an orderly

Proper arrangement of content

- lay out of the content on the page should also observe, not just only the ordering

of the paragraphs.

Font sizes, choices, effects, and line breaks

- it is use to highlight and foreground key informations.

Typography

- this includes considerations of the legibility of the typeface or font’s design.

Typefaces designed, like the simple font style such as TNR, Arial, Calibri, and Verdana are best

to use for business letters.

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 LESSON 2

Intercultural Issues in Workplace Communication

-Culture is a way of thinking and living whereby one picks up a set of attitudes, values,

norms, and fact that they share some similarity. Each individual can practice culture of the

community he grows up in.

-There is work culture at his work place.

-When two people of different cultures encounter each other, they not only have different

cultural backgrounds but their systems of turn – talking are also different. Cross cultural

communication will be more effective and easier if both the speakers have knowledge of the turn

taking system being used in the conversation.

Lesson Objectives:

By the end of this lesson you should be able to;

1. Understand the importance of considering culture in workplace communication in the

twenty-first century

2. Identify the cultural factors that influence intercultural or cross-cultural communication;

and

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3. Apply the principles of effective intercultural communication in the writing of

professional correspondence.

Communication and the Twenty-First Century Workplace

-The advances of mass media, particularly telecommunication systems like email, text

messaging, and social networking sites means that people across the planet can communicate and

share information with each other.

-“The world is getting smaller” – Gloria S. Chan

-Cross-cultural or intercultural communication – people who speak different language or

who come from different cultures will have to deal with each other.

Cultural Differences

-Having a multinational or cross-cultural communication has its challenges and benefits.

(What do you think the benefit of having different cultures? And its challenges?)

EmyPascasio (1999)

-Cross-cultural faux pas result when we fail recognize that person of other cultural

background have diferent goals, customs, traditions, thought pattern, and value, from our own.”

-“value given to time”

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 -how “no” and “yes” are said or expressed by people from different cultures.

Effective Intercultural Communication

• It should be clear how important it is to be culturally aware and culturally sensitive when

navigating intercultural communication.

• The key is to be aware of the existence of cultural differences and managing such differences.

Directness Versus Circumlocution

• Brevity, clarity, directness of communication are favored in American and British cultures.

As Chan (1999)

Explains it, “that means that a message, an idea, a request, etc. should be conveyed to the

audience or recipient clearly and in as few words as mandatory.” when communicating a refusal

or rejection to Westerns, Asians, should avoid circumlocution or indirectness and instead, state a

polite yet clear “no”.

When an American communicates in a typically direct way to a Filipino, this can be viewed as

too “brutally frank”.

Parcasio (1999)

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 Paraphrases Frank Lynch’s definition of SIR as “a facility at getting along with others in

such a way as to avoid outward signs of conflict”.

Parcasio is an American who is aware of the value of SIR can them make an attempt to

both clearly convey a rejection but also “soften” this with buffers , for instance an explanation or

good news preceding the outright “no”.

Personal/Friendly Language Versus Respectful Language

Language

-Respectful language makes communication more effective in many ways, since it

prevents misunderstanding and conflicts. It also reassures patients that you see them as people

who have personal and social needs as well medical needs respectful language . Shows attention,

uses descriptive word and is problem oriented.

Chan (1999) calls attention to emphasis in western context on using friendly on personal rather

than impersonal language in workplace.

Example:

In American workplaces colleagues are encouraged to use first name when conversing

with each other and even with their employers pascasio notes that “ informal addresses are use

only with peers or those of lower status such as rank and file”(pascasio 1999) speaker from the

rank this context are therefore conscious of addressing people with titles or labels such as Boss,

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Doctor, President, Attorney, Manager, Judge, Engineer, Commissioner, and Professor

(Pascasio,1999; chan1999)

For intercultural communication to be effective writers and speakers from both eastern.

Synthesis

-Gloria S. Chan says that “intercultural communication is more challenging than

intercultural communication because there is greater mastery of one’s own language and

culture.”

Intercultural communication to be effective, adaptations to a cultural different from one’s own

are necessary. One also needs to “abide by the cultural norms and standards English imposes on

the users of Language” (Chan 1999).

LESSON 3

Simulating the Philippine Workplace

LESSON 3

Simulating the Philippine Workplace

Lesson Objectives:

• By the end of this lesson, you should be able to:

1. Construct basic workplace documents based on the principles of corporate/ professional

communication;
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 2. Write an effective cover letter and resume based on the guidelines for the job application

process; and

3. Effectively introduce oneself and answer questions in a scenario simulating the job

interview.

Professional Correspondence

Lesson 1 of this chapter already introduced the basic format for memos and letter and gave

examples that you were asked to revised. This section will provide additional tips, evaluation

exercises, and composition exercises for memos and letters. It will also discuss the principles

guiding email communication in the workplace, followed by an email evaluation and writing

excercises.

Memos

The memo follows a specific format designed for internal communication (see the template in

lesson 1). It tends to be brief (one page is usually enough), and its contents arranged into

paragraphs.

Exercise:

1.

A. Subject: We will have an important meeting about the Proposed GE Reform on Monday

at 10 a.m

B. Subject: Proposed GE Reform Meeting on Monday at 10 a.m.

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 C. Subject: Meeting

Starpower Data Associates

Memorandum

To: Raissa Mendoza, Coordinator of Employee Relations

From: Sherwil Jose, Manager, Legal Support Services

Date: June 24, 2012

Subject: Reactions to Proposed Daycare Facilities

Here are many reactions to your inquiry in your memo of June 21 about the possibility of setting

up a daycare facility within the college premises.

• Establish a daycarecenter? I agree with you that there is a need for this. In my department

as well we have a large number of employees with young children. They have also

expressed their desire for such a facility for day when they have no option but to take

their children to work. I think setting up a center and program could definitely benefit

the company.

• Use the old employees lounge? That is a good suggestion as the space is currently being

underutilized as you pointed out. However, it will take some time to clean and refurbish

the room, perhaps two weeks.

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A daycarecenter guidelines or its use can be beneficial and improve employee morale. We

should get started immediately in setting up and drafting the guidelines. Let me know if I may

assist you further any way.

Business Letter

The business letter, like the memo, should be clear, concise, and organized. Typically , it

contains a brief introduced paragraphs establishing the context and purpose of the letter, a middle

section conveying details of the message in a logical sequence, and a brief concluding paragraph

politely requesting action, thanking the reader, or providing any additional pertinent information.

Opening should be clear and direct.

Example:

Indirect: Thank you for your email of May 11 in which you inquires about the availability of

sprinkler H640B

Direct: You will be glad to know that we have an ample supply of H640B parts.

While the closing or the concluding paragraph should wraps up the main points while building

goodwill by forward-looking final message.

Example:

“I’m glad to have been of help”

“Feel free to call me again”

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“I’m looking forward to…”

Exercise:

1.

a. Yes, the Enterprise Cruise Club is Planning a 15-day Caribbean cruise beginning

September 20.

b. This will acknowledge receipt of your letter of December 2 in which you ask our

Caribbean cruise schedule.

2.

a. We sincerely appreciate your recent order for plywood wallboard panels.

b. The plywood wallboard panels that you requested were shipped today by Jolly-Bee Cargo

Express and should reach you by November 28.

3.

a. Pursuant to your letter of Febuary 10, I am writing in regard to your inquiry about wheter

we offer our Star Wars umbrella in other coloersbesided green and blue. This unique

umbrella is a very popular item and receives a number of inquiries. The light sober

umbrella is the ultimate geek chic, cool accessory! It is 45” long and has a built-in LED

light up features that allows the user to choose between green or blue!

b. At this time, the Star Wars umbrella we are offering is available in the colors green and

blue.

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Work Email

Many companies today use as an alternative to memos. As Mary Ellen Guffey (2000) notes in

Essentials of Business Communication, email messages and memos are “standard forms of

communication within organizations” and “will probably become the most common business

communication channel”. Email messages have several advantages over print communication

The use of emails comes with challenges, however. Because of the ease of sending, one click of

the “send” button for a message that contains factual, grammatical, or typographical errors, may

result in the writer’s loss of credibility.

The use of emails comes with challenges because of the emails that contain factual, grammatical,

or typographical errors that may result for the write’s loss of credibility

In sending emails we should always be aware of the dangers. According to Guffey (2000), even

when deleted, emails “can remain in multiple servers that are backed up by companies or internet

service providers.”

Email messages should be warm and friendly, but not too conversational, emotional or intimate.

The goal is a professional tone– neither too formal nor too conversational.

There are guidelines specific to email correspondence. It is called “Netiquette”.

Netiquette- refers to etiquette on the internet or the acceptable ways of communicating on

internet platforms.

Netiquettes:

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1. Review Your Message Before You Send

After you enter your recipients' addresses, create an appropriate subject line, write your message,

and attach a couple of supporting documents, go back and make sure you did it right:

• Review the message.

• Check your sources.

• Look at the recipient names.

• Look at your address.

• Determine the message priority.

• Add supporting documents

2. Don't Always Reply All

Reply All is a handy feature when used correctly. Think of it as a need to know option. If

everyone in the original email (the one you're responding to) needs to know what you have to

say, use Reply All.

3. Write Effective Subject Lines

The subject line of your email should briefly capture the essence of your message.

4. Explain Why You Forward

When you forward an email message from someone else, explain to the new recipient why you're

doing it and how you expect them to benefit from it.

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5. Explain Why You CC

Similarly, if you cc (copy) anyone on a message, explain to the primary recipient that you're

doing so, and why.

6. Let the Sender Know Their Message Has Been Received

Email messages can get lost in the mail or in the spam filter. As a courtesy, especially with

important messages write a short note to let the sender know their message has been received.

7. Use Acronyms Sparingly

Not everybody knows every acronym, so use as few as possible. Example of acronyms use in

business:

ASAP: As Soon as Possible

BTW: By the Way

EOD: End of Day

EOM: End of Message (typically used in the subject line to indicate there is no email body to

follow)

EOW: End of Week

FYI: For Your Information

IMO: In My Opinion

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OOO: Out of Office

Y/N: Yes or No

8. Be Careful With Sarcasm and Humor

Because you don't get the context of facial expressions and tone of voice in email, it's not a good

medium for expressing sarcasm or humor, especially with recipients you don't know well.

9. Choose an Appropriate Ending

Sometimes it's hard to know how to end an email message. Here are a few suggestions, based on

the situation:

Thanks or Many Thanks: If you're asking a favor.

Cheers: If you want to wish the recipient good cheer.

Love or Hugs: If you love the recipient.

Best or Warmly: If you like the recipient.

Sincerely: If your message is formal.

Best Regards or Kind Regards: If you want to maintain a formal business tone.

Workplace emails still follow the standard format minus the automatic components.

Automatic components are: email systems automatically insert the date of incoming message, the

name of sender and the email address of the sender.

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-The writer input the name and email address of the recipient.

-The subject

-if the sender and recipient has close working relationship the titles are dropped and names are

used.

-information should be only what is necessary

-Opening fillers such as “there is, it is” long lead-ins “I am writing this memo to inform you

that…” should be avoided.

Exercises:

What email address do you mos frequently use?

____________________________________

Do you think that it is an effective one for professional correspondence?

____________________________________

Do an internet research of the meaning of “cc” and “bcc” fields in email? Why should you be

particular wary about these email features?

_____________________________________

Write an email to a workplace supervisor regarding a report on the use of zetero, bibliographic

manager app to input the company’s library files. You have also been asked to prepare a report

outlining the use of this app and your progress so far. In this email, you should:

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 1. Provide an update on the information you have gathered: You have created a Zotero

Standalone account, have learned how to input entries, and have managed to input 25%

of the company’s files.

2. Ask for the deadline of submission to be extended by one week.

3. Explain why you need more time.

The Job Application Process

This section cover documents sand guidelines specific to one area of workplace communication:

the job application process. First , the two main professional documents area discussed in detail.

Then, guidelines and tips for taking part in a job interview are outlined. Finally, preparations

required for the mock job interview are provided.

The job application is filled out offline in a pen/paper format or, increasingly, online. The job

application provides a consistent format with the same questions that must be answered by each

person who applies for an open position.

Some question in the job application forms:

• Name

• Address, city, state, zip code

• Phone number

• Email address

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 • Social security number

• Are you eligible to work in the United States?

• If you are under age eighteen, do you have an employment certificate?

• Have you been convicted of a felony within the last five years?

• Availability for the week

• Desired income

Cover Letter and Resume

Cover Letter and Resume

The first two workplace documents any person has to accomplish upon or even before graduation

are the cover letter (or letter of application) and the resume. This section gathers guidelines and

examples from Aristo’s English for Profession (2009), Wallace’s Adams Media Resume

99
Almanac (2005), and Write for College: A Student Handbook, written and compiled by Patrick

Sebranek, Verne Meyer and Dave Kemper (1997).

A Cover Letter is a “letter you write to a prospective employer to persuade him/her to give you a

job” (Arinto, 2009). It literally covers or goes on top of the applicant resume. Mostly just one

page long with massage conveyed in about 3 to 5 paragraphs and usually printed in 8.5 x 11 inch

bond paper white or ivory color depends on the company.

In the book Cover Letter Almanac by Richard J. Wallence (2006) ,A good cover letter can be

even more important than a resume. If a prospective employer isn’t impressed by your cover

letter, you won’t get that interview no matter how polished your resume is.

Remember!

In writing and to have a good cover letter

-it is important that the letter does not contain mistakes when it comes to the information about

the company and Employer.

- provide adequate information about the position you apply.

- provide top qualification of the applicant

- contact information

- how the applicant stands out from the other applicant

Format:

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First the date and inside address should be provided including the contact person’s name and

position and the company name and address.

The letter should start with “Dear” followed by appropriate courtesy (e.g., Mr., Mrs., Dr., Prof.,

Atty., Engr.,Hon., ect.)

In the first paragraph the applicant should immedietly stat his/her interest in the company.

In the second paragraph, the qualification should be supported with concrete and specific details.

In the closing paragraph , there should be a request for an interview or some follow up action.

Closing complimentary should be formal (e.g., “Sincerely,” Respectfully, or Very Truly Yours”

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Résumé

Locker and Kaczmarek (2009) define résumé as a document attached to a cover letter to serve as

“a persuasive summary of your qualifications for employment” ( as cited in Robinsin-

Easley,2013).

-Less important content should be trimmed or omitted.

-When there is more than one page, each pages should have the applicant’s name and a page

number.

There are many types of résumé depending on the requirements of the job, but only 3 main types

will be covered here.

-Chronological résumé

-Functional résumé

-Chrono-Functional

Chronological résumé

It is the traditional and most accepted résumé format. Items are listed in reverse chronological

order, with the most recent work or schooling. Names, dates, and places of employment are

listed, and education and work experience are grouped separately.

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Functional résumé

It focuses on the skills and talents developed by the applicant and does not emphasizes job titles,

employer names, and dates. This is used when the gaps in the writers work or study history ,

when such experiences are not that relevant to the position for which he/she is applying, and

when the writer wishes to combine experiences from paid jobs, activities, volunteer work, and

courses to show the extent of his/her experience in a particular are.

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Chrono-functional résumé

It is a combination of the two types: It is chronologically list job history and education but also

allows the applicant to highlight certain marketable qualifications. This is used by fresh

graduates who have some job experiences and by those who are returning to work or are

changing careers.

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The difference between the 3 format is:

Chronological résumé: For candidates with rich, consistent professional experience.

Functional résumé: For candidates with several gaps or changes in their career.

Chrono-Functional résumé: For candidates with a diverse background of experience or when

skills and abilities are more relevant than work experience.

Keep in mind that:

-For recent college graduates, education should appear first and be outlined in detail. (degrees,

honor, special awards, relevant courses or projects )

-For chronological résumé, the dates of the employment education are on the left side of the page

while the companies worked and school attended are few space to the right of dates.

-Some companies like to see personal data such as interest, hobbies, and sports.

-When including refences, there should be at least 3 listed.

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-Lastly, an effective résumé

should look good, with effective use od space, and other typeface features (e.g., font size, bold).

Information should be neatly devided into clear labeled sections.

Exercise: Provide the tight version for the items given

Wordy: Member, University Debate Team, 2013-14

Member, University Debate Team, 2014-15

Member, University Debate Team, 2015-16

Captain, University Debate Team, 2015-16

Tight:__________________________________

Wordy: Over a period of time, the cources of the months of December 2014 and January 2015, I

completely revamped the inventory system at my workplace, which resulting in a total final

savings of a large amount of money, roughly around 15,000 pesos. This also made it

considerably easier for people, not only myself, but also my co-workers at the store, to perform

tasks around the office efficiently under the new arrangements.

Tight: Dec-Jan 2014:_______________________________________

Wordy: Over a period of time, the cources of the months of December 2014 and January 2015, I

completely revamped the inventory system at my workplace, which resulting in a total final

savings of a large amount of money, roughly around 15,000 pesos. This also made it

106
considerably easier for people, not only myself, but also my co-workers at the store, to perform

tasks around the office efficiently under the new arrangements.

Tight: Dec-Jan 2014:_______________________________________

Chapter IVTest in Puposive Communication

Name:__________________________________ Score:_________________

Section:_________________________________ Date:_________________

I. IDENTIFICATION

__________1. Which are tied to the purpose of professional writing not only to persuade teaders
to take action, but also to record information clearly so that the key points will be easily to see.

__________2. This is essential for allowing the audience to engage with the content in an
orderly.

__________3. Lay out of the content on the page should also observe, not just only the ordering
of the paragraphs.

__________4. It is use to highlight and foreground key informations.

__________5. This includes considerations of the legibility of the typeface or font’s design.
Typefaces designed, like the simple font style such as TNR, Arial, Calibri, and Verdana are best
to use for business letters.

__________6. Is a document written by a member of an organization to one/more members of

the same organization. (William Pfeiffer).

__________7. It includes Sincerely, Respectfully, Best regards, and Yours truly.

__________8. It consist of word “Dear” followed by Mr., Ms., Dr., Prof., etc. of the recipient,
last name and a colon.

__________9. It is a document that conveys information to a member of one organization from

someone outside of the organization.

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__________10. Professional documents require language that is appropriate to the workplace
setting: polite, professional rather than overly personal, grammatically accurate.

__________11. These people should use language “that does not discriminate against people on
the basis of sex, physical condition, race, age, or any other category.”

__________12. All kind of professional writing have specific purposes related to the workplace
setting.

__________13. It may also be written will all three purpose in mind, such as in a resume, which
record a person’s skills and professional achievement, give information about these and
persuades a prospective employer to hire or her based on these.

_________14. Professional writing targets a specific audience, sometimes one reader, sometimes
multiple readers.

__________15. According to her, effective professional writing is reader-centered, emphasizes

the positive and uses bias-free language.

II. MODIFIED TRUE OR FALSE. (Write TRUE if the statement is correct and if
not, underline the word that is incorrect and write the correct answer on the
space provided.)

__________16.Resume is an example of Professional Document.

__________17. According toKate Luvish, effective professional writing is reader-centered,

emphasizes the positive and uses bias-free language.

__________18. People should use language “that does not discriminate against people on the
basis of sex, physical condition, race, age, or any other category.

__________19. Letters/Business Letters isan internal communication.

__________20. Good design element is essential for allowing the audience to engage with
the content in an orderly.

III. ENUMERATION

21-25. The Design Principles of Professional Writing (5pts.)

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26-29. Genres of Professional Writing(4pts.)

IV. Complete the following. (6pts.)

Memo Template

(two inches of blank space)

MEMORANDUM OR MEMO

To: _____________________________

(one blank line)

From: ___________________________

(one blank line)

Date: ___________________________

(one blank line)

Subject: _________________________

(two blank lines)

First single-spaced paragraph:

(one blank line)

Second single-spaced paragraph:

(one blank line)

Third single-spaced paragraph:

109
 CHAPTER V

Persuasive Speaking in Private and Public Institutions

110
 In the previous chapter, there was a discussion about the use of the English language,

specifically using the skills of reading and writing in the professional sphere. It tookup the basics

of business writing and gave essential tips in presenting oneself. Whether in a memo, letter, or

email.

Thus chapter, on the other hand,discusses the demands of the profession when it comes to

speaking and listening in the English language. It takes up the use persuasion,BotBoth in the

corporate sector, as well as the public sectors of government and non government organizations.

It is broadly aimed toward transforming you into a better citizen a more articulate worker, a

more discerning voter, and agent of change.

Chapter Objectives:

By the end of this chapter, you should be able to:

1.) Appreciate the fundamentals of persuasive speaking and how logos, pathos, and ethos are

used in it;

2.) Understand and detect logical fallacies in speeches and written texts;

3.) Analyze persuasive speeches and evaluate their worth;

4.) Give effective speeches for and against issues of the day;

5.) Persuade people when it comes to pitching a project, when it comes to marketing, in the

context of a corporate conference and in the public sphere as advocate; and

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6.) Initiate change or create campaigns in the public sphere.

LESSON 1

The Importance Of Persuasive Speech

In this day and age, it seems that everybody is trying to persuade everybody else. Whether it is in

order to buy a specific product, try out the newest craze, or join a political movements.

Although most people nowadays us trying to persuade using emotional means in using logic and

reasoning to persuade someone.

THE BASICS OF ARGUMENTATION

The ordinary expectation of an argument is an action that involves strong words, possibly

matched with violent acts. However, this appreciation cannot be farther from the truth. In fact, a

well - reasoned argument is no based on violence at all, but one that is based on logic and

evidence.

An argument is composed of three features: This are the assumption, evidence, and explanation.

If any of the three features are missing, these are not considered arguments. In the case of

assumptions without evidence, these are merely opinions.

In the case of evidence without assertions, these are are simply bald facts that need further

contextualization.

An assumption is an opinion that need an evidence to back up.

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For Example: The belief that all states should respect human rights used to considered a fact in

the Philippines.

An evidence can be any of the following : concrete facts and figures:

A philosophical ideology agreed upon to be true by everyone and it has a anecdotal evidence or

information. The strongest bodies of evidence are based on facts and figures and it is important

to that they are true and come from reliable sources.

An explanation tells the audience why the evidence supports the assumption. It should be clear

and concise and the relationship between the evidence and the assumption must not commit any

logical fallacies.

For Example: When it comes to the earlier assumption, that all states should observe human

rights for its citizens, The fact that this is enshrined in the United Nations Commission for the

Human Rights ( UNCHR) might not be enough for some people.

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 LESSON 2

Persuasive Speech In Private Institutions

Corporations and private institutions rely on persuasion in order to get investments, broken deals,

and find clients. Persuasion comes, not just in the words that are used, but also with audio-visual

presentation and infectious music.

In this lesson, you will learn how to use persuasion in marketing, pitching, and creating buzz

worthy events.

LESSON 3

Persuasive Speech In Public Institutions

Persuasive speeches in public institutions are important in government especially in our way of

life. They affect public policy and establish laws that citizens should follow and obey.

Persuasive speech in the public sphere is an important component of daily life, and an important

sign of a vibrant democracy.

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 Chapter V Test in Purposive Communication

Name:__________________________________ Score:_________________

Section:_________________________________ Date:_________________

Test I: Identification. Identify the word and write the answer on the space provided.

___________ 1. It is composed of three features.

_______________ 2.An opinion that need an evidence to back up.

___________ 3. It is based on facts and came from reliable resources.

______________ 4. It tells the audience the clear and concise relationship between the answer in number

2 and 3.

_________ 5. It uses emotional means in using logic and reasoning.

Test II: Enumeration.

6-7. What are the two Institutions when doing a persuasive speech?

8-10. Three features of an argument.

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Test III: Fill in the blank.

Corporations and 1______________ institutions rely on persuasion in order to get investments, broken

deals and find 2. ______________.

Persuasive speeches in 3. _________ institutions are important in 4. _________ especially in our

way of life. They affect 5. ________ policy and establish laws that citizens should follow and obey.

116
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