LABORATORY MANUAL

SIMULATION LAB

Electrical Engineering Department

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 CONTENTS

S. No. Title of Experiment Page No.

Single phase half controlled converter using R and

1 RL load and obtain the corresponding waveforms 1-4
using MATLAB / SIMULINK
Single phase fully controlled converter using R and
2 RL load and obtain the corresponding waveforms 5-7
using MATLAB / SIMULINK
To simulate the 1Ø semi converter circuit with R &
3 RL load and obtain the corresponding waveforms 8-10
using MATLAB/SIMULINK
Three phase fully controlled converter using R and
4 RL load and obtain the corresponding waveforms 11-13
using MATLAB / SIMULINK
Single phase AC voltage regulator and obtain the
5 corresponding waveforms using MATLAB 14-15
/SIMULINK
To simulate the 1Ø half wave inverter with R load
6 and obtain the corresponding waveforms using 16-17
MATLAB/SIMULINK
To simulate the 1Ø full wave inverter with R load
18-19
7 and obtain the corresponding waveforms using
MATLAB/SIMULINK
To simulate the three phase full wave inverter with R
load for mode 180 and 120 degree and obtain the
8 20-23
corresponding waveforms using MATLAB/
SIMULINK
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 Experiment No. - 1
Object: To simulate the 1Ø half controlled rectifier circuit for firing angle < 900 with R &
RL load and obtain the corresponding waveforms using MATLAB/SIMULINK.

Matlab Simulink Library browser

Library
S.No. Component Description Symbol browser
Sim
Thyristor It is a semiconductor device that can be Power
1
(SCR) turned on via a gate signal. System
AC Voltage Source block implements an
ideal AC voltage source. The generated
AC Voltage voltage V is described by the following Electrical
2
Source relationship: Sources
V = Vmsin(𝜔𝑡 + ∅ ) where 𝜔 = 2𝜋𝑓,
∅= phase in radian.
The Voltage Measurement block measures
the instantaneous voltage between two Measure
Voltage
3 electric nodes. The output provides a
Measurement ments
Simulink signal that can be used by other
Simulink blocks.
The Current Measurement block is used to
measure the instantaneous current flowing
Current in any electrical block or connection line. Measure
4
Measurement The Simulink output provides a Simulink ments
signal that can be used by other Simulink
blocks
The Pulse Generator block generates
square wave pulses at regular intervals.
Pulse The block's waveform parameters,
5 Amplitude, Pulse Width, Period, and Phase Sources
generator
delay, determine the shape of the output
waveform. The following diagram shows
how each parameter affects the waveform.

6 Scope The Scope block displays its input with Sinks

respect to simulation time.

The Series RLC Branch block implements Sim

7 RLC Branch a single resistor, inductor, or capacitor, or a power
series combination of these. Use the System
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 Branch type parameter to select elements
you want to include in the branch

The Powergui block allows you to choose

one of the following methods to solve your
circuit:
 Continuous method, which uses a
8 Powergui variable step Simulink solver Powerlib
 Ideal Switching continuous method
 Discretization of the electrical system
for a solution at fixed time steps
 Phasor solution method

Theory:- In half wave rectification of a single-phase supply, either the positive or negative
half of the AC wave is passed, while the other half is blocked. Because only one half of the
input waveform reaches the output, mean voltage is lower. Half-wave rectification requires a
single diode in a single-phase supply, or three in a three-phase supply. Rectifiers yield a
unidirectional but pulsating direct current; half-wave rectifiers produce far more ripple than
full-wave rectifiers, and much more filtering is needed to eliminate harmonics of the AC
frequency from the output.

Fig. 1 Circuit diagram for have wave R load. Fig.2 Circuit diagram for have wave RL load

Procedure:
(half wave rectifier)
1. Open Matlab and select simulink file to built required circuit.
2. Collect required blocks from simulink library like diodes, ac source, voltmeter etc.
3. Connect the circuit as it circuit diagram and start the simulation for required time.
4. Measure Dc voltage and Ac voltage in output of half wave rectifier and save the file.
5. Repeat same steps for RL load and calculate required parameters.

Simulink block diagram and Result:

1. R Load
Taken Value of R=5 ohm, Vm = 100 V
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Waveform:-
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 2. RL Load
Taken Value of R=5 ohm, L=1 H, Vm = 50 V

Waveform:
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 Experiment No.2
Object: -
To simulate the 1Ø full controlled rectifier circuit for firing angle < 900 with R & RL
load and obtain the corresponding waveforms using MATLAB/SIMULINK.
Apparatus Required:-

Matlab Simulink Library browser (Explained in exp.1)

1. 4 - Thyristor
2. 1 - AC Voltage Source
3. 1 - Voltage Measurement
4. Current Measurement
5. Pulse generator
6. Scope
7. Powergui
Theory:-
The phase controlled rectifiers using SCRs are used to obtain controlled dc output
voltages from the fixed ac mains input voltage. The circuit diagram of a fully controlled
converter is shown in Figure 2. The output voltage is varied by controlling the firing angle of
SCRs. The single phase fully controlled converter consists of four SCRs. During positive half
cycle, SCR1 and SCR 2 are forward biased. Current flows through the load when SCR1 and
SCR2 is triggered into conduction. During negative half cycle, SCR3 and SCR4 are forward
biased. If the load is resistive, the load voltage and load current are similar.

Fig. 1 Single phase fully controlled converter

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Simulation Block Diagram and Results:-
1. R Load

Waveform
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 Experiment -3
Object: -
To simulate the 1Ø semi converter circuit with RLE load and obtain the
corresponding waveforms using MATLAB/SIMULINK.
Apparatus Required:-
Matlab Simulink.
1. 2 - Thyristor
2. 1 - AC Voltage Source
3. 1 - Voltage Measurement
4. Current Measurement
5. Pulse generator
6. Scope
7. Powergui
8. 2 - diode
Theory:-
The semi converter using SCRs and two diode are used to obtain controlled dc output
voltages from the fixed ac mains input voltage. The circuit diagram of a semi converter is
shown in Figure 2. The output voltage is varied by controlling the firing angle of SCRs. The
single phase semi converter consists of two SCRs and two diode. During positive half cycle,
SCR1 and diode 1 are forward biased. Current flows through the load when SCR1 and diode
1 is triggered into conduction. During negative half cycle, SCR2 and diode 2 are forward
biased. If the load is resistive, the load voltage and load current are similar.

Fig.1 Single Phase Semi converter

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Result:-
1:-Single phase semi converter with RLE load.
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 Experiment - 4
Object: -
To simulate the three full controlled bridge rectifier circuit with R & RL load and
obtain the corresponding waveforms using MATLAB/SIMULINK.

Apparatus Required:-
Matlab Simulink
1. Current Measurement
2. Pulse generator
3. Scope
4. Powergui
5. Synchronized 6-Pulse Generator
6. Universal Bridge
7. Three-Phase Programmable Voltage Source
8. Three-Phase V-I Measurement

Theory:-
The three phase full bridge converter works as three phase AC-DC converter for
firing angle delay 00<α≤900 and as three phase line commutated inverter for 900<α<1800 . The
numbering of SCRs 1, 3, 5 for the positive group and 2, 4, 6 for negative group. This
numbering scheme is adopted here as it agrees with the sequence of gating of six thyristors in
a 3-phase full converter. Here each SCR is conduct for 1200. At any time two SCRs, one from
positive group and other from negative group must conduct together and this combination
must conduct for 60 0.this means commutation occurs for every 60 0. For ABC phase sequence
of three phase supply thyristors conduct in pairs: T1 and T2, T2 and T3, T3 and T4, T4 and
T5, T5 and T6, T6 and T1.

Fig. 1 Three Phase Fully Controlled Rectifier.

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Result:-
1. Three phase full wave bridge controlled rectifier with R load.

2. Waveform of three phase full wave bridge controlled rectifier with R load. For firing
angle is 30 degree.

3. Waveform of three phase full wave bridge controlled rectifier with R load. For firing
angle is 60 degree.
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 Experiment -5
Object: -
Single phase AC voltage controller and obtain the corresponding waveforms using
MATLAB / SIMULINK.

Apparatus Required:-
Matlab Simulink

1. Thyristor
2. AC Voltage Source
3. Voltage Measurement
4. Current Measurement
5. Pulse generator
6. Scope
7. Powergui

Theory:
A voltage controller, also called an AC voltage controller or AC regulator is an
electronic module based on either thyristors, TRIACs, SCRs or IGBTs, which converts a
fixed voltage, fixed frequency alternating current (AC) electrical input supply to obtain
variable voltage in output delivered to a resistive load. This varied voltage output is used for
dimming street lights, varying heating temperatures in homes or industry, speed control of
fans and winding machines and many other applications, in a similar fashion to an
autotransformer.[1][2] Voltage controller modules come under the purview of power
electronics. Because they are low-maintenance and very efficient, voltage controllers have
largely replaced such modules as magnetic amplifiers and saturable reactors in industrial use.
Fig. 1 Circuit diagram of Single Phase AC Voltage Controller
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Result:
Waveform of single phase Ac voltage controlled with R load. For firing angle < 90 degree.
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 Experiment – 6
Object:
To simulate the 1Ø full wave inverterwith R & RL load and obtain the corresponding
waveforms using MATLAB/SIMULINK.

Apparatus Required:-
Matlab Simulink.
1. Gto
2. AC Voltage Source
3. Voltage Measurement
4. Current Measurement
5. Pulse generator
6. Scope
7. Powergui
8. diode

Theory:-
A power inverter, or inverter, is an electronic device or circuitry that changes direct
current (DC) to alternating current (AC).The input voltage, output voltage and frequency,
overall power handling, are dependent on the design of the specific device or circuitry.

Half-bridge inverter

1. Also known as the “inverter leg”.

2. Basic building block for full bridge, three phase and higher order inverters.
3. G is the “centre point”.
4. Both capacitors have the same value. Thus the DC link is equally “spilt”into two.
5. The top and bottom switch has to be “complementary”, i.e. If the top switch is closed
(on), the bottom must be off, and vice-versa.
6. In practical, a dead time as shown below is required to avoid “shoot-through” faults.

Fig. 1 Circuit diagram of single phase half wave inverter

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Result:
Waveform of output voltage of single phase half wave inverter with R load.
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 Experiment – 7
Object:
To simulate the 1Ø full wave inverter with R load and obtain the corresponding
waveforms using MATLAB/SIMULINK.

Apparatus Required:-
Matlab Simulink.
1. Gto
2. AC Voltage Source
3. Voltage Measurement
4. Current Measurement
5. Pulse generator
6. Scope
7. Powergui
8. diode

Theory:-
A power inverter, or inverter, is an electronic device or circuitry that changes direct
current (DC) to alternating current (AC).The input voltage, output voltage and frequency,
overall power handling, are dependent on the design of the specific device or circuitry.

Single Phase full bridge inverter

1. Full bridge (single phase) is built from two half-bridge leg.

2. •The switching in the second leg is “delayed by 180 degrees” from the first leg.
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Result:
Waveform of output voltage of single phase full wave inverter with R load.
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 Experiment – 8
Object:
To simulate the three phase full wave inverter with R load for mode 180 and 120 degree and
obtain the corresponding waveforms using MATLAB/SIMULINK.

Apparatus Required:-
Matlab Simulink.
1. Gto
2. AC Voltage Source
3. Voltage Measurement
4. Current Measurement
5. Pulse generator
6. Scope
7. Powergui
8. diode

Theory:-
In the three phase inverter mode 180 degree, each SCR conducts for 180 degree .Thyristor
pair in each arm , i.e. T1,T4;T3,T6;T2,T5 are turned on the with a time interval of 180
degree.
In the three phase inverter mode 120 degree, each SCR conducts for 120 degree. Like
180 mode , 120 mode inverter also requires six steps , each of 60 degree duration , for
completing one cycle of the output.

Fig. 1 Circuit diagram of three phase inverter.

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Simulation Diagram of three phase inverter

Result:
1. Waveform for phase voltage of three phase full wave inverter with RL load for mode
180 degree.

2. Waveform for phase voltage of line phase full wave inverter with RL load for mode
180 degree.
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Simulation Diagram of three phase full wave inverter with RL load for
mode 120 degree.
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Result:
1. Waveform for phase voltage of line phase full wave inverter with RL load for mode
120 degree.
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