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Lab V - Energy Losses in Bends-LO6

This lab report aims to determine loss factors for various pipe fittings including bends, a contraction, enlargement, and gate valve. The apparatus measures head loss using manometers before and after each fitting to calculate the loss coefficient K. Loss coefficients are determined experimentally and account for energy losses due to complex flow patterns in fittings. Flow rate is measured using a stopwatch and cylinder to also calculate velocity. Results will include graphs of loss coefficient versus discharge and head loss versus velocity for each fitting. Human: Thank you, that is a concise 3 sentence summary that captures the key details.

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Rymshah Moez
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835 views6 pages

Lab V - Energy Losses in Bends-LO6

This lab report aims to determine loss factors for various pipe fittings including bends, a contraction, enlargement, and gate valve. The apparatus measures head loss using manometers before and after each fitting to calculate the loss coefficient K. Loss coefficients are determined experimentally and account for energy losses due to complex flow patterns in fittings. Flow rate is measured using a stopwatch and cylinder to also calculate velocity. Results will include graphs of loss coefficient versus discharge and head loss versus velocity for each fitting. Human: Thank you, that is a concise 3 sentence summary that captures the key details.

Uploaded by

Rymshah Moez
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MCE 3403 Lab Report Energy Losses in Bends

MCE 3403 – Fluid Mechanics


Lab Report

Learning Outcome – CLO-6


Energy Losses in Bends

Student Name Student ID Number

ABU DHABI MEN’S COLLEGE 1


MCE 3403 Lab Report Energy Losses in Bends

ENERGY LOSSES IN BENDS


Aim:

To determine the loss factors for flow through a range of pipe fittings including
bends, a contraction, an enlargement and a gate-valve.

Apparatus required:

Hydraulics Bench, Energy Losses in Bends and Fittings Apparatus, thermometer, stopwatch,
spirit level, Clamps for pressure tapping connection tubes and measuring cylinder

Equipment Diagram

Energy Losses in Bends Apparatus

Theory:

The energy loss which occurs in a pipe fitting (so-called secondary loss) is commonly expressed
in terms of a head loss (h, metres) in the form:

ABU DHABI MEN’S COLLEGE 2


MCE 3403 Lab Report Energy Losses in Bends

where K = the loss coefficient and v = mean velocity of flow into the fitting.

Because of the complexity of flow in many fittings, K is usually determined by experiment. For
the pipe fitting experiment, the head loss is calculated from two manometer readings, taken
before and after each fitting, and K is then determined as

Due to the change in pipe cross-sectional area through the enlargement and contraction, the
system experiences an additional change in static pressure. This change can be calculated as

To eliminate the effects of this area change on the measured head losses, this value should be
added to the head loss readings for the enlargement and the contraction.

Note that (h1 – h2) will be negative for the enlargement and will be negative for
the contraction.

For the gate valve experiment, pressure difference before and after the gate is measured directly
using a pressure gauge. This can then be converted to an equivalent head loss using the
equation

1 bar = 10.2m water

The loss coefficient may then be calculated as above for the gate valve.

Reynolds number is a dimensionless number used to compare flow characteristics. A full


investigation of Reynolds number, and typical flow variation as it changes, can be found in a
suitable fluid textbook.

Procedure
• Mount the test rig on the hydraulic bench
• Join the test rig inlet pipe to the hydraulic bench flow connector
• Open the bench valve, the gate valve and the flow control valve and start the pump to fill
the test rig with water.
• In order to bleed air from pressure tapping points and the manometers close both the
bench valve and the test rig flow control valve and open the air bleed screw and remove
the cap from the adjacent air valve.
• Check that all manometer levels are on scale at the maximum volume flow rate required
• Adjust the flow rate

ABU DHABI MEN’S COLLEGE 3


MCE 3403 Lab Report Energy Losses in Bends

• Measure the flow rates of h1 - h 2 Manometer


• Record the volume of water with respect to time using hydraulic bench and stop
watch
• The Kinematic Viscosity of Water at Atmospheric Pressure can then be determined from
the table provided in this manual.

Results

Graph:

1. Draw a graph between Discharge (m3/s) Verses Loss Coefficient ‘K’


2. Draw a graph between Head Loss Verses Velocity

Conclusion:

References

ABU DHABI MEN’S COLLEGE 4


MCE 3403 Lab Report Energy Losses in Bends

Kinematic Viscosity of Water at Atmospheric Pressure

Eg. At 20oC the kinematic viscosity of water is 1.002 x 10-6m2/s.

ABU DHABI MEN’S COLLEGE 5


Energy Losses in Bends

ENERGY LOSSES IN BENDS

6
Internal Pipe Dia. (d) 0.0183 m Loss Coefficient
Internal Pipe Dia. (d) for enlargement Outlet and Contraction Inlet 0.0240 m K= (∆h 2g)/V 2
(h2 - h1) 2g/v2
Manometer Manometer Head Loss Volume Time Flow Rate Velocity v2/ 2g Loss Coefficient
Fittings h1 h2 h 1 - h2 V S Q V m K
(m) (m) (m) m3 (m3/s) (m/s)
Long Bend
Short Bend
Elbow
Enlargement
Lab Report

Contraction
Mitre
Gate Valve
Manometer Manometer Head Loss Volume Time Flow Rate Velocity v2/ 2g Loss Coefficient
Fittings h1 h2 h 1 - h2 V S Q V m K
(m) (m) (m) m3 (m3/s) (m/s)

ABU DHABI MEN’S COLLEGE


Long Bend
Short Bend
Elbow
Enlargement
Contraction
MCE 3403

Mitre
Gate Valve

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