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Waveguides S Notes

The document outlines a microwave engineering course on waveguides taught by Prof. Dr. Ahmad H. Abood at Misan University in 2016-2017. It covers rectangular and circular waveguides, including solving the wave equation in different coordinate systems, TE and TM modes, and examples of calculating cutoff frequencies and losses. The course content includes rectangular and circular waveguide modes, transformations between coordinate systems, the del operator, and examples problems.

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juni
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214 views

Waveguides S Notes

The document outlines a microwave engineering course on waveguides taught by Prof. Dr. Ahmad H. Abood at Misan University in 2016-2017. It covers rectangular and circular waveguides, including solving the wave equation in different coordinate systems, TE and TM modes, and examples of calculating cutoff frequencies and losses. The course content includes rectangular and circular waveguide modes, transformations between coordinate systems, the del operator, and examples problems.

Uploaded by

juni
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Microwave Engineering Course

4th Stage
Electrical Engineering Department
College of Engineering
Misan University
2016-2017
Instructor
Prof. Dr. Ahmad H. Abood
Part III
Waveguides
Outline course
Outline course
 Solution of wave equation in rectangular coordinates

 TE-modes in rectangular waveguides

 TM-modes in rectangular waveguides

 Solution of wave equation in cylindrical coordinates

 TE-modes in circular waveguides

 TM-modes in circular waveguides


Introduction
A waveguide is a structure that guides waves, such as electromagnetic
waves or sound waves. They enable a signal to propagate with minimal
loss of energy by restricting expansion to one-dimension, or two. This is a
similar effect to waves of water constrained within a canal, or why guns
have barrels that restrict hot gas expansion to maximize energy transfer
to their bullets. Without the physical constraint of a waveguide, signals
will typically dissipate according to the inverse square law as they expand
into three dimensional space. There are different types of waveguides for
each type of wave. The original and most common meaning is a hollow
conductive metal pipe used to carry high frequency radio waves,
particularly microwaves. The geometry of a waveguide reflects its
function. Slab waveguides confine energy to travel only in one dimension,
fiber or channel waveguides for two dimensions. The frequency of the
transmitted wave also dictates the shape of a waveguide: an optical fiber
guiding high-frequency light will not guide microwaves of a much lower
frequency. As a rule of thumb, the width of a waveguide needs to be of the
same order of magnitude as the wavelength of the guided wave.
Introduction

Rectangular
Waveguide
Outline course
Outline course
 Solution of wave equation in rectangular coordinates

 TE-modes in rectangular waveguides

 TM-modes in rectangular waveguides

 Solution of wave equation in cylindrical coordinates

 TE-modes in circular waveguides

 TM-modes in circular waveguides


Introduction
Introduction
Introduction
Introduction
Introduction
Introduction
Introduction
WG Theory
WG Theory
WG Theory
WG Theory
WG Theory
TEM modes
TEM modes
TEM modes
TEM modes
TEM modes
TEM modes
TE, TM & Hybrid
modes
TE, TM & Hybrid
modes
TE, TM & Hybrid
modes
Outline course
Outline course
 Solution of wave equation in rectangular coordinates

 TE-modes in rectangular waveguides

 TM-modes in rectangular waveguides

 Solution of wave equation in cylindrical coordinates

 TE-modes in circular waveguides

 TM-modes in circular waveguides


TE modes in RWG
TE modes in RWG
TE modes in RWG
TE modes in RWG
TE modes in RWG
TE modes in RWG
TE modes in RWG
TE modes in RWG
TE modes in RWG
TE modes in RWG
TE modes in RWG
TE modes in RWG
TE modes in RWG
TE modes in RWG
Outline course
Outline course
 Solution of wave equation in rectangular coordinates

 TE-modes in rectangular waveguides

 TM-modes in rectangular waveguides

 Solution of wave equation in cylindrical coordinates

 TE-modes in circular waveguides

 TM-modes in circular waveguides


TM modes in RWG
TM modes in RWG
TM modes in RWG
TM modes in RWG
TM modes in RWG
Example
Consider a length of Teflon-filled, copper K-band rectangular waveguide having
dimensions a = 1.07 cm and b = 0.43 cm. Find the cutoff frequencies of the first five
propagating modes. If the operating frequency is 15 GHz, find the attenuation due to
dielectric and conductor losses.
From Appendix G, for Teflon, er= 2.08 and tan δ = 0.0004. From (3.84) the cutoff
frequencies are given by
Example
TM modes in RWG
Outline course
Outline course
 Solution of wave equation in rectangular coordinates

 TE-modes in rectangular waveguides

 TM-modes in rectangular waveguides

 Solution of wave equation in cylindrical coordinates

 TE-modes in circular waveguides

 TM-modes in circular waveguides


Cylindrical Coordinate

Cylindrical Coordinate Systems


Cylindrical Coordinate

Cylindrical Coordinate Systems


Cylindrical Coordinate

Cylindrical Coordinate Systems


Cylindrical Coordinate

Cylindrical Coordinate Systems


Cylindrical Coordinate
Differential Volume in Cylindrical
Coordinates

dV = dddz
Cylindrical Coordinate

Point Transformations in Cylindrical


Coordinates
Cylindrical Coordinate

Dot Products of Unit Vectors in Cylindrical and


Rectangular Coordinate Systems
Cylindrical Coordinate
Example
Transform the vector, into cylindrical coordinates:

Start with:

Then:
Cylindrical Coordinate

Example: cont.
Finally:
Circular WG
Del Operator

 DEL Operator in cylindrical coordinates:

The gradient of a scalar field For Cylindrical Coordinates

 Divergence In Cylindrical Coordinates:

 Curl In Cylindrical Coordinates:


Curl Properties
Circular WG
Outline course
Outline course
 Solution of wave equation in rectangular coordinates

 TE-modes in rectangular waveguides

 TM-modes in rectangular waveguides

 Solution of wave equation in cylindrical coordinates

 TE-modes in circular waveguides

 TM-modes in circular waveguides


TE modes in
CWG
TE modes in
CWG
TE modes in
CWG
TE modes in
CWG
TE modes in
CWG
TE modes in
CWG
TE modes in
CWG
Outline course
Outline course
 Solution of wave equation in rectangular coordinates

 TE-modes in rectangular waveguides

 TM-modes in rectangular waveguides

 Solution of wave equation in cylindrical coordinates

 TE-modes in circular waveguides

 TM-modes in circular waveguides


TM modes in
CWG
TM modes in
CWG
TM modes in
CWG
TM modes in
CWG
TM modes in
CWG
TM modes in
CWG
TM modes in
CWG
Example
Find the cutoff frequencies of the first two propagating modes of a Teflon-filled
circular waveguide with a = 0.5 cm. If the interior of the guide is gold plated,
calculate the overall loss in dB for a 30 cm length operating at 14 GHz.
From Figure 3.13, the first two propagating modes of a circular waveguide are
the TE11 and TM01 modes. The cutoff frequencies can be found using (3.127) and
(3.140)
Example
Example

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