Elementary English – ENG 001 VU

Lecture 01

INTRODUCTION TO JOURNALISTIC WRITING

“The invention of writing is probably the most important tool for human advancement, making it
possible for each new generation to build upon the work of the previous, to transmit knowledge from
person to person, across cultures and time.“
Donald Norman – Stanford University

You must be ready to learn from the first day of school. Don’t you want to:
• Do well in your studies
• Enjoy self-expression
• Become more self-reliant

You know how important writing will be to you and in your life. It will be important from first-grade
through college and throughout adulthood.
Writing is:

Practical
Most of us make lists, jot down reminders, and write notes and instructions at least occasionally.

Job-Related
Professional and white-collar workers write frequently--preparing memos, letters, briefing
papers, sales reports, articles, research reports, proposals, and the like. Most workers do "some"
writing on the job.

Stimulating
Writing helps to provoke thoughts and to organize them logically and concisely.

Social
Most of us write thank-you notes and letters to friends at least now and then.

Therapeutic
It can be helpful to express feelings in writing that cannot be expressed so easily by speaking.

Unfortunately, many schools are unable to give children sufficient instruction in writing." There are
various reasons: teachers aren't trained to teach writing skills, writing classes may be too large, it's often
difficult to measure writing skills, etc.
Study after study shows that student’ writing lacks clarity, coherence, and organization. Only a few
students can write persuasive essays or competent business letters. As many as one out of four have
serious writing difficulties. And students say they like writing less and less as they go through school.

THINGS TO KNOW
Writing is more than putting words on paper. It's a final stage in the complex process of communicating
that begins with "thinking." Writing is an especially important stage in communication, the intent being
to leave no room for doubt.

Writing well requires:

• Clear thinking. Sometimes you need to have your memory refreshed about a past event in
order to write about it.
•
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• Sufficient time. You may have `stories in their heads' but need time to think them through and
write them down.
• Reading. Reading can stimulate you to write about your own family or school life. If you read
good books, you will be a better writer.
• A Meaningful Task. You need meaningful, not artificial writing tasks. You'll find suggestions
for such tasks in the section, "Things To Do."
• Interest. All the time in the world won't help if there is nothing to write, nothing to say. Some
of the reasons for writing include: sending messages, keeping records, expressing feelings, or
relaying information.
• Practice. And more practice.
• Revising. Students need experience in revising their work-- i.e., seeing what they can do to
make it clearer, more descriptive, more concise, etc.

POINTERS FOR YOU

Remember that your goal is to make your writing easier and more enjoyable.

Make it real. You need to do real writing. It's more important for the child to write a letter to a relative
than it is to write a one-line note on a greeting card.

Suggest note-taking. Take notes on trips or outings and describe what you saw. This could include a
description of nature walks, a boat ride, a car trip, or other events that lend you to note-taking.

Brainstorm. Do it as much as possible about your impressions and describe people and events to you.

Encourage keeping a journal. This is excellent writing practice as well as a good outlet for venting
feelings. Write about things that happen at home and school, about people you like or dislike and why,
things to remember or things you want to do. Especially write about personal feelings--pleasures as well
as disappointments.

Use games. There are numerous games and puzzles that help you to increase vocabulary and make more
fluent in speaking and writing. Remember, building a vocabulary builds confidence. Try crossword
puzzles, word games, anagrams and cryptograms de- signed especially for this purpose. Flash cards are
good, too, and they're easy to make at home.

Suggest making lists. Making lists is good practice and helps to become more organized. You might
make lists of your records, tapes, baseball cards, dolls, furniture in a room, etc. You could include items
you want. It's also good practice to make lists of things to do, schoolwork, dates for tests, social events,
and other reminders.

Encourage copying. If you like a particular song, learn the words by writing them down--replaying the
song on your stereo/tape player or jotting down the words whenever the song is played on a radio
program. Also copy favourite poems or quotations from books and plays.

Source: Learn to write; US Department of Education.

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN SPEAKING AND WRITING

There are many differences between the processes of speaking and writing. Writing is not simply speech
written down on paper. Learning to write is not a natural extension of learning to speak. Unlike speech,
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writing requires systematic instruction and practice. Here are some of the differences between speaking
and writing that may clarify things for you and help you in your efforts as a writer and speaker.

SPEECH WRITING
1. Universal, everybody acquires it 1. Not everyone learns to read and write

2. Spoken language has dialect variations 2. Written language is more restricted and
that represent a region generally follows a standardised form of
grammar, structure, organization, and
vocabulary

3. Speakers use their voices (pitch, rhythm, 3. Writers rely on the words on the page to
stress) and their bodies to communicate express meaning and their ideas
their message

4. Speakers use pauses and intonation 4. Writers use punctuation

5. Speakers pronounce 5. Writers spell

6. Speaking is often spontaneous and 6. Most writing is planned and can be changed
unplanned. through editing and revision before an
audience reads it

7. Speakers have immediate audiences who 7. Writers have a delayed response from
nod, interrupt, question and comment audiences or none at all and have only one
opportunity to convey their message, be
interesting, informative, accurate and hold
their reader’s attention

8. Speech is usually informal and repetitive 8. Writing on the other hand is more formal
and compact. It progresses more logically
with fewer explanations and digressions.

9. Speakers use simpler sentences connected 9. Writers use more complex sentences with
by lots of ands and buts. connecting words like however, who,
although, and in addition.

10. Speakers draw on their listeners reactions 10. Writers are often solitary in their process
to know how or whether to continue

11. Speakers can gauge the attitudes, beliefs, 11. Writers must consider what and how much
and feelings of their audience by their their audience needs to know about a given
verbal and non-verbal reactions topic

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