Zone A: Australia, NZ, Canada, USA, South Africa and Singapore

Introduction:
It appeared that the influences in architecture of these buildings were a tribute to
the major buildings that were constructed in Europe and the UK. The influences
are very evident in the designs but always coupled with the character of the times
in which the buildings were constructed. Take for instance the Chicago’s tribune
tower. The Gothic rooftop with its flying buttresses supporting a crown were
designed after the Tour de beurre (″butter tower″) of the Rouen Cathedral in
France but the building itself took the practical requirements of a Chicago
newspaper company, the city’s building codes and the practicality of a US
business enterprise.

Hence, the piers that support a crown roof and the ribbed vaulting supporting the
ceiling, all characteristics of the tall, graceful space that is evident in Gothic
design combined the more practical art deco style for the building’s body. Indeed,
the evolution of design will always respond to the needs of the space and its
people. It is as important to understand how each of the styles can blend
together to create harmony in both form and function.

1.) Chicago’s Tribune Tower

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500x659.jpg

http://www.architecture.org/learn/resources/buildings-of-
chicago/building/tribune-tower/
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TT-611b.jpg
Building/architectural style: Gothic Revival

Location: Chicago, USA

Date: 1387-1988

Architects & Engineers: Raymond Hood and John Meade Howells

Historical influence: Art Deco with its use of vertical piers and horizontal
spandrels and streamlined base; Medieval influences for its towers; Integration of
historical European architecture with modern American styles

Characteristics:

Roof: has no spire but instead a decorative crown patterned after the Butter
Tower in France, ornate flying buttresses surrounding the peak of the tower,
towers are reminiscent of medieval castles

Building materials: limestone, concrete, iron, glass

Windows: Arched windows with tracery for the lower windows, the office
windows on the upper floor following the art-deco style with rectangular,
symmetrical patterns, flying buttresses separate the pillars, stained glass,
window trims include gables, gargoyles and other ornamentation perched on the
columns

Doors: arched portals with delicate tracery; large ornamentation frames featuring
the Aesop’s screen frame the glass entrance doors, gargoyles and howling dogs,
Oxford tracery used on the main entrance door

Structural and ornamental/decorative features: gargoyles and other carved

ornamentation featuring creatures from Aesop’s fable, howling dogs as a tribute
to its Architect (Howles), vertical lines emphasizing the height and practicality of
the office building, with the gothic style encasing the building through its arched
portals, ornate entrance door and its decorative peak
2.) Lincoln Memorial

Building/architectural style: Ancient Greek

Location: Washington, USA

Date: 1914

Architect: Francis Bacon

Historical influence: Classicism and Neo Classicism

Characteristics:

Walls and columns: Doric Order columns evidenced by simple, circular capitals
at the top, stone columns are fluted shafts with no base

Building materials: marble, concrete, iron

Entry: two columns in-antis behind the portico, the extended colonnade has a
roof supported by the columns; cella housed the statue of Abraham Lincoln

Structural and ornamental/decorative features: classic greek temple, above

the architrave of the entablature is a frieze of carved pictorial panels, name of the
states and garlands joined by ribbons and palm leaves; Lincoln statue at the cella

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+Memorial.jpg
3.) Auckland Ferry Terminal

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rminal_from_Harbour.jpg
Building/architectural style: Edwardian Baroque

Location: Auckland, New Zealand

Date: 1912

Architects & Engineers: Alex Wiseman, 1912

Historical influence: Renaissance especially in the use of geometric forms,

round arches and classical columns, Ancient Greek columns

Characteristics:

Roof: roof shingles, tower-like rooftop element at the center

Building materials: bricks, concrete, iron, glass, roof shingles, lead

Windows:, two exaggerated keystones on both sides of the building frame the
windows; segmental arched pediments, columns with engaged blocks, attached
block-like rustication to window surrounds

Doors: two exaggerated keystones on both sides of the building frame the
opening; smaller arches with block-like rustication frame the other doors

Structural and ornamental/decorative features: red-brick exteriors, central

tower provides an interesting rooftop silhouette; extensive block-like rustication in
the arches; columns in the Ionic order

4. Building on Albert Street

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Building/architectural style: Eclectic Art Nouveau

Location: Riga, Russia

Date: 1901-1906
Architects & Engineers: Mikhail Eisenstein

Historical influence: Baroque for the use of ornamentation in the building

façade. Rococo for asymmetry

Characteristics:

Roof: flat top adorned by exaggerated bulbous forms: pediment is decorated

with curved plant like designs, two Egyptian heads facing each other at the base,
two standing lions elevated above the roof on pedestals at the corners

Building materials: concrete, steel, plaster

Windows: repeating patterns of window shapes on both sides of the building

with the top in smaller vertical patterns; asymmetrical in size with the middle
windows thinner than the left and side windows; ornate decorative plant-like
patterns on the framing the windows

Doors: contrasting shape (oval) for the upper and lower doors. The upper door
with a highly ornate ached frame leading to the balcony; main door framed with
and arch, with medusa heads, lions and griffins flanking the entrance

Structural and ornamental/decorative features: several large sculptures ,

asymmetrical window shapes, plant-like designs and curvilinear forms on the
building facade, entrances, windows and doors, bulbous form at the top of the
building; it has a strong vertical orientation on the façade; richly decorated

5. Bruder Klaus field Chapel

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examples/
Building/architectural style: Minimalist

Location: Mechernick, Germany

Date: 2007

Architects & Engineers: Peter Zumthor

Historical influence: Bauhaus; Modernism

Characteristics:

Roof: simple, flat with well defined corners showing a rigid rectangular exterior

Building materials: timber, concrete, steel, lead, tree trunks

Windows: no windows are seen from this perspective

Doors: metallic triangle without any decoration

Structural and ornamental/decorative features: the façade of the building is a

basic geometric form without any decoration; the slabs of concrete creates an
illusion of rocks or marble atop each other as the walls; the pyramid-shaped door
provides it with a feature of interest; the color of the building blends with the field
around it creating a sense of order and a monochromatic theme

Duomo Di Milano

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Cathedral-Milan-Italy.jpg

Duomo di Milano

Building/architectural style: Gothic

Location: Milan, Itay

Date: 1387-1988

Architects & Engineers: (source: Wikipedia)

 1387 Simone da Orsenigo
 1387 Zeno da Campione
 1387 Marco da Campione detto da Frixono
 1389 Akash O' Cooper
 1389 Nicola Bonaventura o da Benaventis di Francia
 1389 Stefanino o Tavannino di Castelseprio
 1391 Silva De' Sriram
 1391 Giovannino de Grassi
 1391 Lorenzo degli Spazii da Campione o di Laino
 1391 Marco da Carona
 1391 Enrico di Gamodia (Gmüden)
 1394 Beltramo da Conigo
 1394 Ulrico Füssingen di Ulma
 1398 Salomone de Grassi
 1399 Antonio o Antonino da Paderno
 1399 Gasparino da Carona
 1399 Giacomolo da Venezia di Parigi
 1399 Giovanni Mignoto
 1399 Giovanni Cona o Cova di Bruges
 1399 Arasmino de Sirtori
 1400 Filippo degli Organi
 1401 Polino da Orsenigo
 1404 Antonio da Paderno
 1406 Cristoforo de Chiona
 1407 Leonardo da Sirtori
 1409 Giovanni Magatto
 1415 Antonio da Muggiò
 1416 Bartolomeo di Modena
 1420 Antonio da Gorgonzola
 1430 Franceschino da Cannobio
 1451 Giorgio degli Organi da Modena
 1451 Giovanni Solari
 1452 Antonio da Firenze detto il Filarete
 1458 Donato de Sirtori
 1459 Boniforte o Guinforte Solari
 1476 Pietro Antonio Solari
 1483 Giovanni Nexemperger di Graz
 1486 Giovanni Antonio Amadeo
 1490 Gian Giacomo Dolcebuono
 1506 Cristoforo Solari detto il Gobbo
 1512 Gerolamo della Porta
 1519 Bernardo Zenale di Treviglio
 1524 Giangiacomo della Porta
 1526 Cristoforo Lombardo
 1539 Baldassarre Vianelli
 1547 Vincenzo da Seregno o Seregni
 1567 Pellegrino Pellegrini, called il Tibaldi
 1587 Martino Bassi
 1591 Lelio Buzzi
 1598 Aurelio Trezzi
 1609 Alessandro Bisnato
 1617 Fabio Mangone
 1617 Giovanni Paolo Bisnato
 1631 Francesco Maria Ricchino
 1638 Carlo Buzzio o Buzzi
 1658 Girolamo Quadrio
 1679 Andrea Biffi
 1686 Giambattista Quadrio
 1723 Antonio Quadrio
 1743 Bartolomeo Bolla o Bolli
 1760 Francesco Croce
 1773 Giulio Galliori
 1795 Felice Soave
 1801 Giovanni Antonio Antolini
 1803 Leopoldo Pollak
 1806 Giuseppe Zanoja
 1806 Giuseppe Pollak
 1806 Carlo Amati
 1813 Pietro Pestagalli
 1854-1860 Carica vacante
 1861 Giuseppe Vandoni
 1877 Paolo Cesa-Bianchi
 1904 Gaetano Moretti
 1907 Luca Beltrami
 1912 Adolfo Zacchi
 1963 Antonio Cassi Ramelli
 1964 Carlo Ferrari da Passano
 1988 Benigno Mörlin Visconti Castiglione

Historical influence: Lombard Gothic; French Style, Medieval influences in its

pointed towers, Ancient Greek in the use of the human figure as ornamentation
of the structure

Characteristics:
Roof: steeped pyramidal shaped roofs and pointed towers and pinnacles, spires
with the madonnina made of gilded copper as the highest point, sharp gable,

Building materials: Iron, marble, brick, granite, bronze

Windows: With tracery, flying buttresses separate the pillars, stained glass,
window trims include gables

Doors: Tall bronze doors with sculpture of biblical events and personalities

Structural and ornamental/decorative features: arches with buttresses

crowned with statues of saints and obelisks, statues/ gargoyles all over adorning
the façade