How to build a network of Linux routers

using quagga
This post lists the commands required on each node to build a network of three Ubuntu Linux routers.
Each router is connected to the other two routers and is running quagga. Each router is also connected to
a PC running Ubuntu Linux.

I use this network configuration to evaluate network emulators and open-source networking
software in a simple scenario. Readers may find these commands useful in building their own
configuration scripts.

I provide “copy and paste” commands so the network can be configured quickly.

Creating a basic topology

The physical — or virtual — network installation and the management network setup is outside
the scope of this post. The method used to build the lab topology depends on the equipment,
and/or the network emulator and hypervisor technology you are using.

I assume you already have six machines running and connected in a network as shown above,
and I assume you have a management network set up so that each machine can communicate
with the host computer and with the Internet. I assume the management interface is the first
Ethernet interface on each node, enp0s3.
Router configuration

Each router needs to install the quagga router package, configure quagga, and then configure the
network using the quagga VTY shell. Optionally, quagga daemon configuration files may be
created.

Router-1

Skip to Copy-and-paste shell commands below if you want to quickly configure the node Router-
1. This section shows the commands to configure Router-1 step by step.

Install the quagga package and then configure the Quagga VTY shell. This will create the basic
setup for a router.

Enter the commands:

$ sudo su
# apt-get update
# apt-get install quagga quagga-doc

Then, configure the Quagga daemons by editing the file /etc/quagga/daemons and start the zebra
and ospfd daemons.

# nano /etc/quagga/daemons

Modify the file so it looks like:

zebra=yes
bgpd=no
ospfd=yes
ospf6d=no
ripd=no
ripngd=no
isisd=no
babeld=no

Save the file and quit the editor.

Create config files for the zebra and ospfd daemons.

# cp /usr/share/doc/quagga/examples/zebra.conf.sample /etc/quagga/zebra.conf
# cp /usr/share/doc/quagga/examples/ospfd.conf.sample /etc/quagga/ospfd.conf
# chown quagga.quaggavty /etc/quagga/*.conf
# chmod 640 /etc/quagga/*.conf

Start Quagga:

# /etc/init.d/quagga start
Set up environment variables so we avoid the vtysh END problem. Edit the /etc/bash.bashrc file:

# nano /etc/bash.bashrc

Add the following line at the end of the file:

export VTYSH_PAGER=more

Save the file and quit the editor. Then, edit the /etc/environment file:

# nano /etc/environment

Then add the following line to the end of the file:

VTYSH_PAGER=more

Save the file and quit the editor.

Start the Quagga shell with the command vtysh on Router-1:

# vtysh

Enter the following Quagga commands:

configure terminal
router ospf
network 192.168.1.0/24 area 0
network 192.168.100.0/24 area 0
network 192.168.101.0/24 area 0
passive-interface enp0s8
exit
interface enp0s8
ip address 192.168.1.254/24
exit
interface enp0s9
ip address 192.168.100.1/24
exit
interface enp0s10
ip address 192.168.101.2/24
exit
exit
ip forward
write
exit
Router-1 copy-and-paste shell commands

If you wish to copy-and-paste commands to quickly configure Router-1, then skip the previous
section and enter the following commands. We use the here documents feature of the Bash shell
to redirect the pasted block of input to the bash shell command line:

bash <<EOF2
apt-get update
apt-get install quagga quagga-doc traceroute
cp /usr/share/doc/quagga/examples/zebra.conf.sample /etc/quagga/zebra.conf
cp /usr/share/doc/quagga/examples/ospfd.conf.sample /etc/quagga/ospfd.conf
chown quagga.quaggavty /etc/quagga/*.conf
chmod 640 /etc/quagga/*.conf
sed -i s'/zebra=no/zebra=yes/' /etc/quagga/daemons
sed -i s'/ospfd=no/ospfd=yes/' /etc/quagga/daemons
echo 'VTYSH_PAGER=more' >>/etc/environment
echo 'export VTYSH_PAGER=more' >>/etc/bash.bashrc
cat >> /etc/quagga/ospfd.conf << EOF
interface enp0s8
interface enp0s9
interface enp0s10
interface lo
router ospf
passive-interface enp0s8
network 192.168.1.0/24 area 0.0.0.0
network 192.168.100.0/24 area 0.0.0.0
network 192.168.101.0/24 area 0.0.0.0
line vty
EOF
cat >> /etc/quagga/zebra.conf << EOF
interface enp0s8
ip address 192.168.1.254/24
ipv6 nd suppress-ra
interface enp0s9
ip address 192.168.100.1/24
ipv6 nd suppress-ra
interface enp0s10
ip address 192.168.101.2/24
ipv6 nd suppress-ra
interface lo
ip forwarding
line vty
EOF
/etc/init.d/quagga start
exit
EOF2

I will configure the remaining routers with the quick shell commands so you can copy and paste
the configuration for each router.

Router-2

On Router-2, install quagga and configure OSPF on the router’s interfaces. Copy-and-paste the
following commands into the Router-2 terminal window:

bash <<EOF2
apt-get update
apt-get install quagga quagga-doc traceroute
cp /usr/share/doc/quagga/examples/zebra.conf.sample /etc/quagga/zebra.conf
cp /usr/share/doc/quagga/examples/ospfd.conf.sample /etc/quagga/ospfd.conf
chown quagga.quaggavty /etc/quagga/*.conf
chmod 640 /etc/quagga/*.conf
sed -i s'/zebra=no/zebra=yes/' /etc/quagga/daemons
sed -i s'/ospfd=no/ospfd=yes/' /etc/quagga/daemons
echo 'VTYSH_PAGER=more' >>/etc/environment
echo 'export VTYSH_PAGER=more' >>/etc/bash.bashrc
cat >> /etc/quagga/ospfd.conf << EOF
interface enp0s8
interface enp0s9
interface enp0s10
interface lo
router ospf
passive-interface enp0s8
network 192.168.2.0/24 area 0.0.0.0
network 192.168.100.0/24 area 0.0.0.0
network 192.168.102.0/24 area 0.0.0.0
line vty
EOF
cat > /etc/quagga/zebra.conf << EOF
interface enp0s8
ip address 192.168.2.254/24
ipv6 nd suppress-ra
interface enp0s9
ip address 192.168.100.2/24
ipv6 nd suppress-ra
interface enp0s10
ip address 192.168.102.2/24
ipv6 nd suppress-ra
interface lo
ip forwarding
line vty
EOF
/etc/init.d/quagga start
exit
EOF2
Router-3

On Router-3 install quagga and configure OSPF on the router’s interfaces. Copy-and-paste the
following commands into the Router-3 terminal window:

bash <<EOF2
apt-get update
apt-get install quagga quagga-doc traceroute
cp /usr/share/doc/quagga/examples/zebra.conf.sample /etc/quagga/zebra.conf
cp /usr/share/doc/quagga/examples/ospfd.conf.sample /etc/quagga/ospfd.conf
chown quagga.quaggavty /etc/quagga/*.conf
chmod 640 /etc/quagga/*.conf
sed -i s'/zebra=no/zebra=yes/' /etc/quagga/daemons
sed -i s'/ospfd=no/ospfd=yes/' /etc/quagga/daemons
echo 'VTYSH_PAGER=more' >>/etc/environment
echo 'export VTYSH_PAGER=more' >>/etc/bash.bashrc
cat >> /etc/quagga/ospfd.conf << EOF
interface enp0s8
interface enp0s9
interface enp0s10
interface lo
router ospf
 passive-interface enp0s8
network 192.168.3.0/24 area 0.0.0.0
network 192.168.101.0/24 area 0.0.0.0
network 192.168.102.0/24 area 0.0.0.0
line vty
EOF
cat > /etc/quagga/zebra.conf << EOF
interface enp0s8
ip address 192.168.3.254/24
ipv6 nd suppress-ra
interface enp0s9
ip address 192.168.101.1/24
ipv6 nd suppress-ra
interface enp0s10
ip address 192.168.102.1/24
ipv6 nd suppress-ra
interface lo
ip forwarding
line vty
EOF
/etc/init.d/quagga start
exit
EOF2
PC configuration

Each PC in the network needs to configured with an IP address and a default route.

PC-1

Skip to copy-and-paste shell commands below if you want to quickly configure the node PC-1.
This sections shows the commands step by step, for clarity.

In the PC-1 xterm window, use a text editor to add the following lines to the
/etc/network/interfaces file:

$ sudo su
# nano /etc/network/interfaces

Add the following lines to the file:

auto enp0s8
iface enp0s8 inet static
address 192.168.1.1
netmask 255.255.255.0

Then, add a static route the sends all traffic in the 102.168.0.0/16 network out enp0s3. Enter the
following in teh same /etc/network/interfaces file:

up route add -net 192.168.0.0/16 gw 192.168.1.254 dev enp0s8

Restart the networking service to make the configuration change operational:

If you wish to copy-and-paste commands to quickly configure PC-1, then enter the following
commands:

bash <<EOF2
cat >> /etc/network/interfaces << EOF
auto enp0s8
iface enp0s8 inet static
address 192.168.1.1
netmask 255.255.255.0
up route add -net 192.168.0.0/16 gw 192.168.1.254 dev enp0s8
EOF
/etc/init.d/networking restart
exit
EOF2

The remaining PC nodes are configured in the same way, with different IP addresses. I list shell
commands that may be copied and pasted to quickly configure the nodes:

PC-2

On PC-2, add the interface configuration to the network interfaces file and set up a static route:

bash <<EOF2
cat >> /etc/network/interfaces << EOF
auto enp0s8
iface enp0s8 inet static
address 192.168.2.1
netmask 255.255.255.0
up route add -net 192.168.0.0/16 gw 192.168.2.254 dev enp0s8
EOF
/etc/init.d/networking restart
exit
EOF2
PC-3

On PC-3, add the interface configuration to the network interfaces file and set up a static route:

bash <<EOF2
cat >> /etc/network/interfaces << EOF
auto enp0s8
iface enp0s8 inet static
address 192.168.3.1
netmask 255.255.255.0
up route add -net 192.168.0.0/16 gw 192.168.3.254 dev enp0s8
EOF
/etc/init.d/networking restart
exit
EOF2
Conclusion

We listed commands that you can copy and paste to set up a simple network consisting of
Ubuntu Linux computers. We can use this network to test open-source network emulators and
open source networking software.