1|Page T.L.

E – Outline 1st Grading YANI GCEL

Chapter 1 – The Entrepreneur dress and tailoring shops; recreation

centers; entertainment businesses; and
Lesson 1 : Income Opportunities at Home information technology – related
and in the Community businesses (e.g. call centers, internet
Entrepreneur shops, computer hardware and
identifies the different factors for software shops, business solutions
product and service opportunities and programming companies etc.)
starts searching for unique ideas before
entering a business. These opportunities Lesson 2 : Products and Services
help create and innovate new products Products
or services for additional income. are results of different materials made,
The knowledge and understanding of the grown, processed, and innovated into
product features will give you the opportunity something sold or used. These are
to become aware of their benefits. The tangible goods that can be seen.
features of a product include the following: touched, smelled, and tasted.
o Uniqueness and physical characteristics
Types of Products
( size, color, materials, chemical
contents, labeling, packaging, etc.) 1) GOODS
o Function or use and its contribution to are beneficial, physical products
the customer’s satisfaction. manufactured for the customers.
As a future entrepreneur, the following These are tangible things that can be
questions will help you process your thoughts: measured and evaluated through their
physical development.
1. What features to include in the
product? Two Types of Goods
2. Can I sell more than one product and Durable Goods or Hard Goods
develop a product line? are products that are useful over long
( Product Line – a group of related products periods of time. These are usually costly
produced by one manufacturer. It is like selling or expensive because of the quality of
concentrated calamansi juice in addition to materials.
mango and pineapple juice ) Examples :
3. Is there a need to change the features  cars household goods
of the product or the product line? how  books  appliances
often will this change occur?  sports  electronics
Car business – models change once a year; equipment  furniture
Ice cream business – flavors change once a  jewelry
month; in furniture business, there are themes  medical
like antique look, country look, and continental supplies
look.  toys
Different types of products and services that it can also be rented and invested
will allow you to earn an additional income for
the family and community. Nondurable Goods or Soft Goods
are products that are easily consumed,
1. Product Industry – a product created
worn out, unfashionable, and have a
and manufactured for the mass market
lifespan of less than three years
or for specialized or individual demands.
Examples :
Examples of goods produced for mass
market are processed food, toys, and food medication or
ready – to – wear garments. condiments medicines
Examples of specialized products are office supplies packaging and
made to order garments and cleaning products containers
customized furniture. paper products
plastic products
2. Service Industry – a service provided to clothing
customers. footwear
Examples of service businesses are :
repair and maintenance shops; printing they are fast-moving consumer goods
and machine shops; food retailing and since these are cheaper yet easily
catering establishments; beauty parlors; damaged than durable goods.
2|Page T.L.E – Outline 1st Grading YANI GCEL

2) SERVICES transport and delivery

are paid activities provided by cleaning
employees or professionals to repair and maintenance
customers. 2) Personal Services
are paid nonphysical goods or functions  these are personalized activities
provided by experts, professionals or provided to individuals according
skilled people. to their needs.
examples of services are dressmaking,  the service is extremely
laundry, cleaning, food catering, personalized to the customer;
among others. thus each service is unique.
these are intangible services that you Examples are :
can offer : food catering
1) RENTAL GOODS hotel and
 these are rented by the customer accommodation
for a certain period of time. health and medical
2) OWNED GOODS beauty and hair
 these are repair and artistic endeavors
maintenance services to the (painting, sculpting, etc)
products. courtier ( attendant )
3) NON-GOODS tourist and recreational
 these are personal services from
professionals or experts. 3) Social Services
 these are public services by the
Characteristics of Services government or nonprofit
1) Intangible organizations. These are not for a
 the services cannot be touched, profit motive but for a social
stored, transported, packaged, cause ( social equality ).
or tested before buying. The Examples are :
credibility of the product or education
service is important. sanitation
medical
2) Inconsistent or Varied housing
 the services are difficult to
standardize because each Sincerity, Willingness to work and Patience –
service provider has varied are some of the virtues needed to be
performance and unique. successful in any business.
3) Inseparable The following are current and trendy products
 the services cannot be and services offered that are profitable:
separated from the person who
offers it. 1) Technology – related business
 electronic gadgets
4) Perishable
 computer ICT equipment
 the services cannot be stored for
2) Travel – related business
future use. The skills of the
 souvenir items
provider are important to better
3) Health – related business
serve the clients.
 organic food
Types of Services  alternative medicines
the service industry can be divided in  food supplements business
many ways. These are some of the 4) Education – related business
classifications:  tutorials
 school supplies
1) Business services
5) Food – related business
 these activities support the daily
 food stalls
functioning and management of
any business. Examples are:
banking
warehousing
insurance
communications and
information technology (IT)
3|Page T.L.E – Outline 1st Grading YANI GCEL

TYPES OF CONSUMERS Good Practices for Online Chat

Loyal Consumers The following are reminders on how to
this type of buyers gives support or use online chat safely and responsibly:
loyalty to a company once they
received or have a good experience o Respect your friends’ availability. Always
with that company. ask if he or she has the time to chat. If
Discount Consumers he or she says no, accept it with
this type of buyers is always on the look kindness.
or hunt for discounts, sales, and o Use chat shortcuts to make
promotions ( promos ) because this is conversations more convenient and
when they make a purchase. acceptable. Also use acronyms,
Impulsive Consumers symbols, emoticons, or stickers to easily
this type of buyers makes purchases convey ideas.
without definite plans or decisions. o Keep conversation light. Instant
Need – Based Consumers or Seasonal messages should be light because
Consumers serious conversations are best in person
this type of buyers only makes or on the phone.
purchases when there is a reason, o Be careful and as much as possible, do
purpose, and/or problem to solve. not give personal information online.
o Visit and join chat rooms that are
Chapter 2 : Information and Communications appropriate for kids or minors your age.
Technology o Do not meet a person you have only
met online.
LESSON 2 : Communicating and Collaborating o Use proper punctuation. Avoid typing
Using ICT your messages in uppercase as they
mean to be a shout – out.
Online Chat o Always say goodbye, or leave a
is talking to someone over the internet farewell message before ending any
by typing a message that is displayed to conversation.
everyone in the chat room or, if
privately, in a chat box. Internet Forum
Chat rooms, news groups, and also, message board – is an online
discussion forums are examples of discussion website where its members
meeting new friends through the can create conversations using posted
internet. messages.
Chatting is talking to someone by typing all forum members are allowed to post
statements over a virtual room. Similar to and start new topics. Messages in
e-mail, a chat involves real-time typed internet forum can be longer than in
messages that take place on computers chat rooms and can be temporarily
connected to a network. archived.
Google Hangouts, Facebook Using the Internet Forum
Messenger, Viber , and WhatsApp are o fill out the registration form to become a
common examples of chat or member of the internet forum
messanging applications. o read carefully the forum’s rules. Breaking
them can get you banned from the site.
Google Hangouts o respect and be thoughtful whenever
you post messages.
o be careful in giving personal opinions
especially if the discussion topics are
based on political and religious issues.
is an application used to communicate
between an individual and group of Log – in, Start a Discussion Thread, and Post
people. Messages
it lets you share files; send photos and o you must register and agree with the
texts; and video chat. rules and policies in navigating and
it can be accessed online through a signing in the internet forum. Posted
Google account or downloaded in an messages are approved by the
electronic device. moderators before it can be published.
4|Page T.L.E – Outline 1st Grading YANI GCEL

Threads can be seen in a newsgroup, File Formats File Extentions

which is an internet textual discussion, 1. Plain Text Files .html or .htm
on a given topic of interest. .txt
Threads – these are specific set of messages in
2. Formatted Documents .doc
the forum that are usually comments on a
.pdf
given topic.
3. Compressed and .exe
Computer Files Encoded Files .zip
a shared file can be a document,
spreadsheet, or slide presentation. 4. Image .bmp .png
there are several websites that allow .gif .svg
sharing of information or files. Registered .jpeg or .tif or .tiff
users can get access to the resources .jpg
that are downloadable either for free or 5. Audio .aac .mp3
with a fee. .flac .wav
.midi or .wma
Digital Media File .mid
Digital media – is any media encoded 6. Video .avi .mpg or
or stored in a computer. .mov .mpeg
Digital media files include videos, digital .mp4 wmv
images or audio, video games, websites vlc
and web pages, e – books (electronic
books), and that are stored in File Sharing
computers and hard drives. is the distribution, transmission, or
these are created, viewed, distributed, provision of access to any digital media
modified, and preserved in electronic on computers and/or electronic
devices like a computer. devices. There are two ways of file
File Format sharing :
a standard way of encoding or storing 1. Peer – to – peer (P2P) file sharing
information in the hard drive.  the shared files on the user’s
it is a file layout that defines and computers are indexed on
categorizes a particular computer directory servers. It was used by
document. popular services like Napster,
it also tells how to display, print, process Limewire, and BitTorrent.
and save the encoded and stored 2. Cloud – based file syncing and sharing
information.  the shared files are stored and
Document File Format updated in folders or a directory
it is a text or twofold file format used to on the user’s networked devices.
read documents in a word processing  the files can be accessed
program. through a website and a mobile
DOC and DOCX are the most known app.
document file extensions created by  Some of the popular files hosting
Microsoft for its Word Documents. DOC services are Dropbox and Google
stands for document file. Drive.
Microsoft Office document format  Cloud Storage – is a model of
contains formatted text, images, tables, storing computer files or data in
graphs, charts, page formatting, print accessible, multiple, and
settings, and pictures embedded in XML connected resources.
markup.
Google Drive
File Extension
or filename suffix is a three – or four –
letter code at the end of a filename
and is used to identify a file. Google Drive allows you to store,
synchronize, and share files across
Mylesson. doc
filename file extension devices. It is developed by Google and
n. x launched in 2012. It is also accessible in
The table below shows the most common list of any internet browser and mobile app.
file extensions suffixes :
5|Page T.L.E – Outline 1st Grading YANI GCEL

news and events, entertainment,

Sharing Media Files Through a Website health and etc.
6. www.webcrawler.com
1. Google Drive
brings users the top results from
provides 15 gigabyte. It uses for
google and yahoo
cloud storage and file back up
7. www.aol.com
for the different photos.
delivers comprehensive web
2. Dropbox results with quick and relevant
one of file hosting sites. videos
maybe saved in the inbox 8. www.infospace.com
3. Mediafire provider of white label search
it has user friendly feature and monetization solutions
allows you to put all the data in 9. www.info.com
one system power search platform together
with the web
4. WeTransfer 10. www.contenko.com
offers 10 gb narrows the search down to a
5. Filecrop single page of 10 result
a professional file sharing site 11. www.dogpile.com
also used for business returns all the best results from the
transactions leading search engines including
Google and Yahoo
Lesson 2 : Using the Advanced Features of a
Search Engine World Wide Web (WWW, W3, or Web)
invented by Sir Timothy John Berners –
Search Engine Lee also known as TimBL in 1989
is a powerful tool that provides a quick HTTP
and convenient way to retrieve vast Hypertext Transfer Protocol – a set of
amounts of information from the World rules for exchanging text, graphic,
Wide Web. sound, video, and other multimedia files.
it is a software designed to find to support multimedia, the Web relies on
information in various websites and web http
pages on the internet. It makes the Web also uses the client-server
gathering information easier and faster. concepts.
popular search engines examples are : Client – is a software program that
Google, Bing, and Yahoo requests information from another
Websites and web pages – are found by a software program on another
search engine. computer.
Spiders ( automated programs ) and robots Server – is a software program that
will copy everything they find on the internet interacts with client software in a client-
and send it back to the search engine server environment.
database that stores and indexes each item. URL
Examples of Search Engines Uniform Resource Locator
Bookmarks
1. www.google.com are saved shortcuts that will direct your
searching for music, news and browser to a specific web page.
word meanings and etc. Domain
2. www.yahoo.com it is the last part of the web address.
searching for email, finance, domain names provide easy – to –
news, style shopping. property remember, recognizable, and
and etc. memorizable names to internet
3. www.ask.com resources. They also establish a unique
quick access to sports, scores, identity.
movie times and etc.
4. www.msn.com Common Credible Domains:
searching for outlook.com, skype
.com
and maps
Commercial site
5. www.wow.com
it is used by businesses, private
individuals or groups intended for profit
6|Page T.L.E – Outline 1st Grading YANI GCEL

the information will generally promote 2. Shared workbook

the products or services a business is  it allows editing and viewing by
trying to sell or promote. The information multiple users.
might not necessarily be false; however,
it should be given scrutiny and criticism. 3. Worksheet
 it contains rows and columns. It is
.edu
also known as spreadsheet.
Educational institution
4. Active worksheet
it is used by schools ranging from
 it is the worksheet you are
kindergarten to higher education
currently working on.
the information is generally considered
credible.
5. Cell range
.gov  it is a collection or block of
Government selected cells.
it is used by all the branches of the 6. Cell address
government ( departments, agencies,  it is composed of a column letter
etc ) and a row number. It is located
The information is also considered on the top left corner of a
credible. worksheet. Example: A1
.org 7. Grid
Organization  it is formed when rows and
it is used by organizations, usually columns intersect or laid upon
nonprofit organizations. each other.
The information may show advocacies 8. Row headings
or points of view that an organization  these contain a horizontal line of
adheres or pushes to. Be careful when cells. Each row is numbered by
accessing information from these succession from the top.
websites as they can be biased toward 9. Column headings
their own agenda or goals.  These contain a vertical line of
cells identified by an
.net alphabetical letter for each
Network column.
it serves as a catch – all for sites that do 10. Cell
not fit into any of the mentioned  it is where a row and a column
domain suffixes. intersect.
the information should also be given 11. Title bar
careful criticism and research.  it displays the name of the
Spreadsheet or worksheet workbook or document.
is a computer software used in 12. Ribbon
businesses and schools to store,  it is found below the title bar. It
calculate, organize, and process contains commands categorized
mathematical, financial, and scientific in tabs and groups.
data. 13. Formula bar
it features different tools that allow you  it displays the operation contents
to create, edit, format, and print of the active cell.
computation statements. 14. Name box
 it shows the location of each cell
Microsoft Excel or Excel in a worksheet.
it is one of the popular spreadsheet 15. Worksheet tab
software that provides users with a  it moves from one worksheet to
worksheet on screen and enables them another
to make use of programmed or 16. Status bar
encoded formulas to work on various  it tells when Excel is ready and
calculations waiting for the next command.
Terms and Parts of Microsoft Excel Document The data on the spreadsheet are the
label and the value. The text is called
1. Workbook label, while the number are value. The
 It refers to an Excel file. It contains label gives the meaning of the value.
a default of three workbooks.
7|Page T.L.E – Outline 1st Grading YANI GCEL

Formula
is necessary if you need to compute. It
always starts with an equal sign.
Function
is a faster way of doing mathematical
operations than a formula.

Flowchart
shows a step-by-step process
represented by different symbols to
describe a system or programs in a short
and easy way.
it represents a logical sequence of your
work, manufacturing process, system,
and organizational chart.
Most Common Symbols Used in a Flowchart

Symbol Name Function

It represents the start
Start/End
or end point.
It connects, directs,
and shows the
Arrows
relationships
between the shapes.
It represents the input
Input/Output
or output.
It represents the
Process
process.
It indicates the
Decision
decision.

Brochures
are pamphlets containing useful
information about certain products and
services of some businesses.
these are portable and inexpensive way
to give ideas and convince customers
to buy the products and services
offered by businesses.

Create a Brochure Using Templates

1. Open a new document in Microsoft

Word.
2. Click New. A set of templates will be
shown. Type Brochure on the search
bar.
3. Click the brochure you chose. Click the
Download button. The brochure will
open in a new Word document.
4. Insert information by typing what you
want to include and present.
5. Edit the brochure using the commands
in the Ribbon.