Exercise 1.

In Exercises 1 through 20, find the solution set of the inequality. Write the final
answer in interval notation.

1. 5x + 6≥ x + 2
5𝑥−1
2. 6x-1 <
3
3. (1-x) (x+2) (2x+1) ≥ 0
4. 3x > 2𝑥 3 -𝑥 2
5. 12𝑥 3 > 2𝑥 + 2
6. 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − 6 > 𝑥 − 𝑥 2 + 2
7. 𝑥 2 (𝑥 + 2) > (4𝑥 + 5)(𝑥 + 2)
8. 𝑥 2 (2𝑥 + 1) > (2𝑥 + 𝑎)(𝑥 + 6)
9. 2𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 − 1 < 6 − 2𝑥 ≤ 3𝑥 + 2
10. 3𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + 5 ≤ 3𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 > = 2𝑥 2 − 15𝑥 + 2
1 4
11. >
5𝑥−2 𝑥−2
2 4
12. ≥
𝑥+1 𝑥−2
11 4
13. ≤
𝑥+5 𝑥−2
6
14. x − 3 ≤
𝑥+2
4 1 1
15. + ≤
3 𝑥−2 𝑥+2
8 3 2𝑥
16. < ≤ ≥0
1−𝑥 𝑥+2 3𝑥−2
(𝑥−1)2000 (𝑥3 )2001
17.
(2𝑥−5)1999
≤0
(3𝑥+2)100 (5−𝑥)−99
18.
(2𝑥−7)101
≤0
𝑥 2 (𝑥−2005)(𝑥+2006)
19. ≥0
𝑥 2 −20072
(𝑥−2005)2005 +(𝑥+2006)
20.
(𝑥−2007)2007
≤0

Challenge Problems

21. To earn a grade of B in a course, a student needs an average grade of at least

80% and at most 89%. If the student has grades of 77%, 82%, and 86% from
the previous exams, what grade must the student earn on the final exam to
obtain a B? The final exam counts double.
22. To earn a grade of C in a course, a student needs to obtain an average grade
of at least 70% and at most 79%. If the student’s grade are 68%, 72%, 83%,
 and 58% from the previous exams, what is the lowest possible score the
student can make on the last exam?
𝑎+𝑏
23. Let a and b be a nonnegative real numbers. Prove that √𝑎𝑏 ≤ .
2
24. Prove that the sum of a positive number and its reciprocal is always at least 2.
25. Prove that if r is a real number such that 0 < r < 1, then 𝑟 2 < 𝑟.

Exercise 1.2

In Exercises 1 through 8, solve the equation for x.

1. | 3𝑥 − 1 | = 2 5. |2𝑥 − 3| + 6 = |𝑥 − 1|
1−2𝑥
2. | 𝑥+3 | = 1 6. | |2𝑥 − 𝑥| + 1 | = 4
3. 3|𝑥 − 5| = |2𝑥 − 10| 7. |𝑥 − |2𝑥 − 1|| = 𝑥
4. |𝑥| − 2𝑥 = |3𝑥| 8. |𝑥 − 3| + |𝑥 − 2| + |1 − 𝑥 | = 3

In Exercises 9 through 28, find the solution set of the inequality. Write your answer
in interval notation.

9. |1 − 2𝑥| ≥ 3 19. |𝑥 + 1| + |2𝑥 + 3| > 5

10. |𝑥 − 4| ≤ 6 20. |2𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 − 4| ≤ 5

3−2𝑥 1
11. | |<3 21. 3|𝑥| + 2| 𝑥 − 1| ≤ 4| 2 − 4𝑥|
4

12. | 𝑥 + 1| < 3 22. | |𝑥 − 5| − 2| < 4

13. |2𝑥 − 5| > 11 23. |5 − 3𝑥| ≤ 𝑥

14. 2 < |2𝑥 + 3| < 10 24. 0 < |2𝑥 − 1| − 1 < 1

15. 3 < |2𝑥 + 3| < 15 25. −2|2 − |𝑥 + 1|| ≤ −2

|2−3𝑥|(3𝑥−19)−1971
16. |−2𝑥 + 1| < 𝑥 + 4 26. 𝑥 2005 (𝑥 2 +1)(𝑥+1)−2000 ≤ 0

|3𝑥+7| (4−2𝑥)101
17. |3𝑥 + 1| > 𝑥 + 2 27. (𝑥+5)100 (𝑥−2)99
<0

|𝑥−2005|2005 (2𝑥+2006)2006
18. 2 < |2𝑥 − 1| < 𝑥 + 4 28. |𝑥−2007|2007
≥0

29. Suppose x and y are real numbers such that |𝑥 − 2| < 1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 |𝑦 + 3| < 4. Show
that |𝑥 − 𝑦| < 10.

30. Find the least value of k such that |𝑥 + 𝑦| ≤ 𝑘 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑎𝑛𝑦 𝑥 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦 satisfying
|𝑥 − 3| ≤ 5𝑎𝑛𝑑 |𝑦| ≤ 6.
Challenge Problems
1 1
31. Find all values of a for which the solution set of|𝑎𝑥+1| ≥ 2 𝑖𝑠 [−3, −1]𝑈 [−1,1].

32. if a and b are nonnegative real numbers, prove that 𝑎𝑏(𝑎 + 𝑏) ≤ 𝑎3 + 𝑏 3 .

33. If a, b, x and y are positive real numbers such that 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 =

1 , prove that 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑦 ≤ 1.

Exercises 2.2

1. Center at (0,0) ; radius 4. 6. Center at (-2,4); radius 2.

2. Center at (5,4) ; radius 3. 7. Center at (-1,-3); radius √5.
3. Center at (0,-2); radius 5. 8. Center at (7,-1); radius 2.
4. Center at (3,0); radius 7. 9. Center at (2,6); radius 6.
5. Center at (-5,-1); radius √3 10. Center at (3,5); radius 3.

In Exercises 11 through 22, find the center and radius of the circle having the
given equation. Graph the circle.

11. (𝑥 + 1)2 + (𝑦 − 2)2 = 72 16. 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 6𝑥 + 10𝑦 − 2 = 0

12. (𝑥 − 4)2 + (𝑦 − 1)2 = 52 17. 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 10𝑦 = 0

13. 3𝑥 2 + 3𝑦 2 = 15 18. 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 8𝑥 = 9

14. 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 10𝑥 − 8𝑦 − 23 = 0 19.𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 4𝑥 + 10𝑦 + 15 = 0

15. 𝑥2 + 𝑦2 − 2𝑥 + 6𝑦 + 1 = 0 20. 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 6𝑥 − 4𝑦 = 36

In Exercises 21 through 24, find an equation of a circle with:

21. center at (3.-2) and passing through (11,-2)

22. center at (-4,1) and passing through (-2,5)

23. the endpoints of the diameter at (7,3) and (-1,-3)

24. the endpoints of the diameter at (-1,4) and (2,0).

Challenge Problems

25. Find the equation of the circle that is tangent to the line with the equation
3𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 4 = 0 𝑎𝑡 (−2,1) and whose center is on the line with the equation
𝑥 − 8𝑦 + 36 = 0.

26. Find the equation of the circle whose center is on the line with the equation
8𝑥 + 5𝑦 = 8 and passes through the points (2,1) and (3,5).
 27. Find the equation of the circle with center on the y-axis and which passes
through the origin and the point (4,2).

28. Find the equation of the circle that circumscribes the triangle formed by the
lines with the equations 𝑦 = 0, 𝑦 = 𝑥, 𝑎𝑛𝑑 2𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 10.

29. Find the equation of the line containing the diameter of a circle described by
the equation 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 2𝑥 − 4𝑦 = 4 that is parallel to the line with the equation
3𝑥 + 5𝑦 = 4.

Exercises 2.3

In Exercises 1 through 6, give the vertex, focus and directrex of the parabola
having the given equation.

1. 𝑦 = 3𝑥 2 4. 𝑦 = (𝑥 + 5)2

2. 𝑦 = −(𝑥 + 2)2 − 4 5. 𝑥 = −4(𝑦 − 3)2 + 6

3. 𝑥 = −(𝑦 + 1)2 + 6 6. 𝑥 = −(𝑦 + 5)2 − 6

In Exercises 7 through 12, find the endpoints of the latus rectum and sketch the
graph of the parabola having the given equation.

7. 𝑦 = (𝑥 − 5)2 − 9 10. 𝑥 = −(𝑦 + 3)2 − 6

8. 𝑥 = (𝑦 + 7)2 − 3 11. 𝑥 = −4(𝑦 − 3)2 + 6

9. 𝑦 = −2(𝑥 − 8)2 − 12 12. 𝑦 = 2(3𝑥 + 1)2 + 2

In Exercises 13 through 18, transform the equation of the parabola into standard
form and sketch the graph. (AoS=Axis of symmetry)

13. 𝑥 = 𝑦 2 − 6𝑦 + 4 16. 4𝑦 − 𝑦 2 + 8𝑥 = 0

14. 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 4 17. 𝑥 2 − 8𝑦 + 16 = 0

15. 4𝑥 + 𝑦 2 + 3 = 0 18. −2𝑥 2 + 12𝑥 − 8𝑦 − 2 = 0

In Exercises 19 through 27, find an equation of the parabola described.

19. focus at (4,-2), vertex at (4,-4) 22. Vertex at (2,1), directrix x = -2

20. focus at (3,5), vertex at (3,2) 23. Vertex at (-4,-1). Directrix y = 2

21. focus at (-2-1), vertex at (0,-1) 24. Focus at (0,-1), directrix y = 1

25. vertex at (2,1), AoS parallel to the x-axis, containing the point (1,0)

26. vertex at (1,-1) AoS parallel to the y-axis, containing the point (0,1)
 27. vertex at (-2,0), AoS the x-axis, containing the point (0,1)

Challenge Problems
1 17
28. Find all values of b sp that the parabola with the equation 𝑦 = 4 𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 4
will have directrix having the equation 𝑦 = 1.

29. Show that the vertices of the members of the family of parabolas described by

1
𝑦 = − 𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 1, 𝑏 ∈ 𝑅
2
30. Find the values of a and b so that the parabola with the equation 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥 2 +
𝑏𝑥 − 3 has a vertex at (2,1).

31. Find the equation(s) of parabola(s) which contain(s) the points (3,0), (9,0), and
(5,4).

32. Find an equation of each of the parabolas whose vertex is at (2,4) and whose
focus lies on the line with the equation 3𝑦 + 4𝑥 = 12.

Exercises 2.4

In Exercises 1 through 10, sketch the graph of the equation, find the coordinates
of the center, foci, vertices and co-vertices.
𝑥2 𝑦2 (𝑥+8)2 (𝑦+3)2
1. + 25 = 1 4. + =1
4 12 8

2. 16𝑥 2 + 25𝑦 2 = 400 5. 9𝑥 2 + 16𝑦 2 = 144

𝑥2 𝑦2 (𝑥+7)2 (𝑦−4)2
3. + 100 = 1 6. + =1
36 9 16

In Exercises 7 through 10, transform the equation into one of the standard forms.
Sketch the graph.

7. 16𝑥 2 + 9𝑦 2 + 64𝑥 + 54𝑦 + 1 = 0 9. 9𝑥 2 + 16𝑦 2 − 18𝑥 + 64𝑦 − 71 = 0

8. 4𝑥 2 + 25𝑦 2 − 24𝑥 + 100𝑦 + 36 = 0 10. 36𝑥 2 + 25𝑦 2 − 100𝑦 − 800 = 0

In Exercises 11 through 22, find the standard form of the equation of the ellipse
satisfying the given conditions.

11. Vertices: (-4,0), (4,0); co-vertices: (0,-2), (0,2)

12. Vertices: (0,-4), (0,4); co-vertices: (-2,0), (2,0)

13. Center: (-1,-1); vertex: (-1,1); co-vertices: (0,-1)

14. Center: (-1,1); vertex: (1,1); co-vertices: (-1,2)

15. Foci: (0,-4), (0,4); vertices: (0,-7), (0,7)

16. Foci: (0,-3), (0,3); vertices: (0,-4). (0,4)

17. Foci: (0,-2), (0,2); x-intercepts are -2 and 2.

18. Vertices: (7,9), (7,3); co-vertices (5,6) , (9,6)

19. Center: (1,-2); vertex: (1,1); co-vertex (3,-2)

20. Foci: (-3,0), (-3,6); vertices: (-3,-2), (-3,8)

21. Vertices: (1,-1), (-5,-1); passes through the origin

22. Foci on the line x = 4 ; minor axis on the line y = -3 ; length of the major axis of
the minor axis = 4.

Challenge Problem

Consider an ellipse whose equation is

(𝑥−ℎ)2 (𝑦−𝑘)2 (𝑦−𝑘)2 (𝑥−ℎ)2
+ = 1 𝑜𝑟 + = 1 where a > b.
𝑎2 𝑏2 𝑎2 𝑏2

Show that the equation of the line tangent to the ellipse at the Point 𝑃0 (𝑥0 , 𝑦0 ) 𝑖𝑠
𝑥𝑥0 𝑦𝑦0 𝑥𝑥0 𝑦𝑦0
2
+ 2 = 1 𝑜𝑟 2 + 2 = 1
𝑎 𝑏 𝑏 𝑎
Find the equation of the line tangent to the ellipse whose equation is 𝑥 2 + 3𝑦 2 −
𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 0 at the origin
Exercises 2.5

In Exercises 1 through 16, find the coordinates of the center, vertices and foci,
and the equation of the asymptotes of the hyperbola with the given equation.
Sketch the graph of the hyperbola.
𝑥2
1. − 𝑦2 = 1 9. 9𝑦 2 − 4𝑥 2 = 36
4

𝑥2
2. 𝑦 2 − =1 10. 4𝑥 2 − 9𝑦 2 = 36
9

𝑥2 𝑦2 (𝑥+3)2 (𝑦+2)2
3. 144 − 25 = 1 11. − =1
16 9

𝑥2 𝑦2 (𝑦−4)2 (𝑥+1)2
4. 25 − 49 = 11 12. − =1
16 4

𝑦2 𝑥2 (𝑦+1)2 (𝑥−3)2
5. 64 − 36 = 1 13. − =1
25 16

(𝑥−5)2 (𝑦−3)2
6. 𝑦 2 − 𝑥 2 = 25 14. − =1
9 4

(𝑦+1)2 (𝑥−3)2
7. 4𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 = 25 15. − =1
64 36

(𝑦+2)2 (𝑥−3)2
8. 𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 = 𝑦 16. − =1
25 16