Chapter1 171214041210
Chapter1 171214041210
EMBEDDED SYSTEM
SHIBU K V
Course Objectives
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Course Outcomes
Classify the differences between the general computing system and the
embedded system
4 Agenda
1.1 What is an Embedded Systems 4
An ES is an electronic/electro-mechanical
system designed to perform a specific
function
Major
Department of Computer Engineering and Information Technology
Applications
Areas
1.5 Major Application Areas of ES
9 The application areas and the products in the embedded
domain are countless.
1. Consumer electronics: Camcorders, cameras, etc.
2. Household appliances: Television, DVD players, washing machine,
fridge, microwave oven, etc.
3. Home automation and security systems: Air conditioners, sprinklers,
intruder detection alarms, closed circuit television cameras, fire
alarms, etc.
4. Automotive industry: Anti-lock breaking systems (ABS), engine
control, ignition systems, automatic navigation systems, etc.
5. Telecom: Cellular telephones, telephone switches, handset
multimedia applications, etc.
10 Cont’d
6. Computer peripherals: Printers, scanners, fax machines, etc.
7. Computer Networking systems: Network routers, switches, hubs,
firewalls, etc.
8. Healthcare: Different kinds of scanners, EEG, ECG machines etc.
9. Measurement & Instrumentation: Digital multi meters, digital CROs,
logic analyzers PLC systems, etc.
10. Banking & Retail: Automatic teller machines (ATM) and currency
counters, point of sales (POS).
11. Card Readers: Barcode, smart card readers, hand held devices, etc.
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1.6 Purpose of ES
Each embedded system is designed to serve the purpose of any one or a
combination of the following tasks:
1. Data collection/Storage/Representation
2. Data Communication
3. Data (signal) processing
4. Monitoring
5. Control
6. Application specific user interface
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13 1. Data Collection/Storage/Representation
Embedded systems designed for the purpose of data collection performs
acquisition of data from the external world.
Data collection is usually done for storage, analysis, manipulation and
transmission.
Data can be either analog (continuous) or digital (discrete).
Embedded systems with analog data capturing techniques collect data
directly in the form of analog signal whereas embedded systems with
digital data collection mechanism converts the analog signal to the digital
signal using analog to digital (A/D) converters and then collects the
binary equivalent of the analog data.
If the data is digital, it can be directly captured without any additional
interface by digital embedded systems.
A digital camera is a typical example of an embedded system with data
collection/storage/representation of data.
Images are captured and the captured image may be stored within the
memory of the camera. The captured image can also be presented to the
user through a graphic LCD unit.
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14 Cont’d
2. Data Communication
Embedded data communication systems are deployed in
applications from complex satellite communication systems to
simple home networking systems.
The transmission is achieved either by a wire-line medium or by a
wire-less medium.
Data can either be transmitted by analog means or by digital means.
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4. Monitoring
Almost all embedded products coming under the medical domain
are with monitoring functions only.
Electro cardiogram machine (ECG) is intended to do the monitoring
of the heartbeat of a patient but it cannot impose control over the
heartbeat.
Other examples with monitoring function are digital CRO, digital
multimeters, and logic analyzers.
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Department of Computer Engineering and Information Technology
18 Cont’d
5. Control
A system with control functionality contains both sensors and
actuators.
Sensors are connected to the input port for capturing the changes in
environmental variable or measuring variable.
The actuators connected to the output port are controlled according
to the changes in the input variable.
Air conditioner system used in our home to control the room
temperature to a specified limit is a typical example for ES for
CONTROL purpose.
Mandalay Technological University
Department of Computer Engineering and Information Technology
19 Cont’d
21 Cont’d
22 Review Questions I
23 Assignment I
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