Types of Visual Arts PAINTING

DRAWING Is an art made by applying colors to a surface to present an object imagined

or real. Basic materials of painting are paint, canvas, wood, paper and brush.
 A picture or a diagram made with a pencil, pen or crayons rather
than paint, especially one drawn in monochrome. MEDIUMS OF PAINTING

 It is also a form of visual art in which a person uses various drawing A. WATER COLOR. It is a combination of coloring materials and water. It is
instruments to mark paper or another two-dimensional medium. the most commonly used medium of painting particularly among school
children because it is easy to use and is readily available in stores.
 Sketch, picture, illustration, representation, portrayal, delineation,
depiction, rendering, composition, study. B. OIL. Oil-based paints produce glossy products. It slowly dries the chance
to do changes in his art work.
 The term drawing is applied to works that vary greatly in technique.
It has been understood in different ways at different times and is C. TEMPERA. It is one of the old mediums that persisted through ages.it was
difficult to define. well-used before oil was adopted. Its mineral coloring is a mixture of egg
yolks and ore. It is usually applied to a wooden panel that is made very plain
 During the Renaissance the term ‘design’ implied drawing both as a
with plaster called gesso.
technique to be distinguished from coloring and also as the creative
idea made visible in the preliminary sketch. D. PASTEL. This is a stick paste made of powdered pigment. It looks like a
crayon and it is applied like a crayon.
Purpose of Drawing
E. FRESCO. It is taken from the word fresh, the art of painting on fresh
 To clear their minds and organize their ideas, artists will often start
plaster. This medium is flourished in the 15th and 16th centuries.
project by drawing sketches.
F. ACRYLIC. It is a paint which adhesive element is acrylic resin.
 The purpose asks why artists and designers use drawing in this way
Contemporary artist use it because of its quick drying characteristics.
to kick start their creative thinking, considering the application of
drawings and its various uses across disciplines. ART ELEMENTS OF A PAINTING

Concept of Drawings DISTANCE – there are three distances to look for in a painting. The part of
the painting closest to the viewer is called the foreground. The middle
 Concept drawing or sketches are drawings, often freehand, that are
ground is the part between the foreground and the part which is the
used by designers such as architects, engineers, and inferior
farthest way , is called the background.
designers as a quick and simple way of exploring initial ideas for
designs. COLOR- artist use color to convey feelings and moods within their painting.

 Concept design implies an idea or range of ideas, a development LIGHT- affects the color of the subject and objects in the painting look real
approach, a guiding concept and a design intent. and solid if the artist shows the way light falls on them.

LINE- artist use various types of lines to express ideas and feelings in their
paintings.
SHAPES- an artist use shapes to express ideas. C. DADAISM – the word “dada” is a French word meaning boby horse. It is a
protest movement against the traditional outworn arts and evils in society.
COMPOSITION- artist seriously plan how they will arrange elements like
Dadaist artist tries to start outrage to undermine faith and dependence to
color, line and shapes in their paintings. This is called composition.
an established institution.
PERSPECTIVE- artist convey 3-dimension space. It makes a flat picture look
D. SURREALISM- a style in presenting art by fantastic or incongruous
3-dimensional and have depth.
imagery produced by unnatural combinations. Surreal means intense
SYMBOLS- can be defined as something, which has a special meaning or a irrationality or beyond natural. In other words, surrealism pictures out
special message. image in a form of a dream.

STYLES IN PAINTING E. FUTURISM- it picture out something in the future. And portrayed in
paintings it relates to the importance of modernization.
1. ABSTRACT – presents the subject not as it appears in reality.
THE ARTIST AND HIS PAINTINGS
VARIOUS TYPES OF ABSTRACTS
1. LEONARDO DE VINCI (1452-1519)
A. DISTORTION- a kind of abstract which natural form or condition is
twisted or distorted. his paintings particularly the Mona Lisa, implies a high degree of
calmness which is seen in the smile and placement of the hands.
B. ELONGATION- the character or the object being painted is elongated or
extended. This is to emphasize a certain purpose of the painter. he developed Chiaroscuro, some of his paintings are as follows:

C. CUBISM- abstractionism that stressed through the use of some • Last Supper
geometrical shapes such as cylindrical, triangular, spherical and other forms.
• The Virgin and Child and St. Anne
D. MANGLING- the object is presented as cut lacerated mutilated or hacked.
• Mona Lisa
This is not a well-used kind of abstractionism.
• Adoration of the Magi
2. EXPRESSIONISM – this was a European method that flourished in the first
decade of the 20th Century. In this method, the artist has a freedom to • The Virgin of the rocks
consider his personal style in presenting his subject of expressing his
• The Battle of the Anghiari
thought or feelings
2. MICHEALANGELO BOUNARROTI (1475-1564)
WAYS IN ACHIEVING THE METHOD OF EXPRESSION
he is remembered as the greatest stone carver since the classical
a. SYMBOLISM- a symbol is a thing or a single object that stands for another
period. He painted the Sisne Chapel. Some of his works include Bacchus and
thing.
Pieta.
b. FAUVISM- a kind of style or movement in painting that is characterize by
a thick pigment. It is usually use to express a feeling of joy, comfort or
pleasure through extremely Gogh bright colors.
3. VINCENT VAN GOGH (1853-1890) FAMOUS FILIPINO PAINTERS

he distinguished himself from others by inventing his own style: 1. FERNANDO AMORSOLO (1892-1972)
color rich, warm, forceful, exciting, and he used heavy pigmentation. Some
the Philippine Artist Fernando Amorsolo was a portraitist and
of his works are;
painter of rural landscapes. He is best known for his craftsmanship and
• Huts and Two Women mastery in the use of light.

• Working on the Other Hand 2. JUAN LUNA

• Head of a Peasant he showed artistic promise early on and was encouraged to the
painting lessons. His most famous piece is the Spolarium which he won top
• The Weaver
prize at the 1884 Madrid Exposition.
• The Garden of the Parish Church
3. VICENTE MANANSALA
• The Potato Eaters
the competitions in which he won include, the 1941 Art Exposition
• The Back side of the Old House by the UST- Pounding Rice, First Prize, Art Association of the Philippines First
Annual Convention: Key Synthesizer of Neo-Realism Style 1950, First Prize,
• The Draw bridge 1951 Republic Exposition, First Prize. In 1967 was named Outstanding
4. PABLO PICASSO (1881-1973) Alumnus of the University of the Philippines. 1963 he received the Republic
Heritage Award and 1970 Araw ng Maynila Award. In 1981 he was
he is a constant experimenter. He tried all the mediums and worked proclaimed National Artist (posthumous).
on all styles in painting. But he confined well in cubism. Melancholy with
shade of blue and green mostly one that depicts his works. Some of his TYPES OF VISUAL ARTS
works are: processes for making multi-reproduction of graphic works
• La Vie Classifications
• Old Guitarist a) Relief (raised)
• Boy Leading a Horse b) Intaglio (depressed)
• Saltimabargues c) Surface (flat)
• Gestrude Stein a. Relief Printing – the process whereby unwanted portions of a design are
• Female Nude cut away on the master image

• Woman with guitar b. Intaglio Printing – a method of printing from a plate on which incised
lines, which carry the ink, leave a raised impression
• Minotasuromachy

• Leuernica
 Kinds of Intaglio Printing Art is unlimited. Anything can be considered as an art.

1) Dry Point TYPES OF ARCHITECTURAL CONSTRUCTIONS

2) Etching The Parthenon in Athens, Greece (454-438 B.C)

3) Engraving A temple of the Athena Porthenos.

c. Surface Printing – includes all processes in which printing is done from a THE ARCH
flat (plane) surface
• Arches have many functions, including supporting other structures
Lithography – the art or process of printing from a flat stone or such as roofs, and serving as actual and symbolic gateways.
metal plate by a method based on the repulsion between grease
• The pull of gravity in each block serves as “cement”, that is, the
and water
blocks fall on to one another so that the very weight and
Silkscreen – silk is stretched over a rectangular frame and unwanted compression serve as their foundation.
portions in the design are blocked out; pigment is forced through
• Domes and Vaults are extensions of the principle of the arch. They
the clean areas
are capable of enclosing vast reaches of space.
Silkscreen
THE CANTILEVER
the art of creative services
• This is any structural parts projecting horizontally and anchored at
art created for commercial purposes, primarily advertising, to one end only. This type of construction needs a beam with a great
promote services, products, and ideas to viewers tensile strength which can be securely fastened at the supported
end.
Commercial arts - is art that created to commercial constraints such as
marketing goals. Where fine art is purely a result of the inspiration of the MATERIALS USED IN ARCHITECTURE
artist, commercial art is based on some level of business or functional
STONE
requirements.
• As a building material, stone is massive and virtually indestructible.
Mechanical Processes - developed by commercial-mechanical process for
It became the favored material for the public buildings of the
rapid, large-quantity reproduction of words and pictures in one or more
Egyptians and the Greeks.
colors.
• It is expensive to quarry and transport, and too massive to handle at
ARCHITECTURE
the site.
Architecture is the art and science of designing buildings, bridges,
WOOD
and structures to help us meet our personal and communal needs.
Is as beautiful and versatile a material for building as it is for
Architecture is also a vehicle for artistic expression in three
sculpture.
dimensions.
• Abundant and renewable
A complex matter since it falls under Art and Science.
 • light in weight Since the Philippines is a tropical country, windows of houses are
wide for free circulation of air.
• Has the capacity to accept paint
Most Filipino houses are influenced by western style of architecture.
CAST IRON
They are made of cement, wood, marble, tiles, galvanized iron and glass for
• A building material used to introduce in the 19th century windows and doors.
industrialization.
The Philippine knowledge and expertise in architecture has caught
• An alternative to stone and wood up with the times as shown in building along Roxas Boulevard. The Cultural
Center of the Philippines which was designed by Architect Leandro Locsin is
• Has a great strength, and heavy the womb and bosom of the development of arts in the Philippines.
STEEL (Calsado, 1986)

• A strong metal of iron alloyed with small amounts of Carbon and a The CCP rises on 21 hectares (210,000 square meters)
variety of other metals. The Cultural Center of the Philippines by Architect Leandro Locsin
• Harder than iron and more rust and fire-resistant. The historic town of Vigan.
• More expensive but has a great strength These are only some proofs of the antiquity of Philippine architecture.
CONCRETE FAMOUS FILIPINO ARCHITECTS
A manufactured mixture of cement and water with aggregate, of • Leonardo V. Locsin –The Cultural Center of the Phil.
sand and stones which hardens rapidly by chemical combination to a stone
like.

Water and fire resisting solid with great compressive strength. • FAMOUS FILIPINO ARCHITECTS

BRICK • Jose Manosa – San Miguel Corporation Building

Brick compares favorably with some as a structural materials for its • FAMOUS FILIPINO ARCHITECTS
fine and weather resisting qualities and for the ease of production,
• Francisco Manosa – Coconut Palace in Tagaytay
transportation and lying.
DIFFERENT ARCHITECTURAL STYLES
THE PHILIPPINE ARCHITECTURE
Architectural styles evolved in the different periods in history
The Philippine architecture evolved from the nipa hut which is
because of the needs of the times. Other factors which contribute to
commonly found in the countryside.
architectural styles are the materials and the methods used in assembling
The materials are nipa, palm leaves, wood and bamboo. The design them.
of Philippine architecture is influenced by factors like climate, weather
• DIFF nERENT ARCHITECTURAL STYLES
conditions and the availability of materials.
EGYPTIAN ARCHITECTURE (4000-2280 B.C.) Renaissance, although often it was a far more spacious but had a profusion
of carved decoration.
The religious rites of the Egyptians were traditional, virtually
unchangeable, and mysterious, and these traits are reproduced in • St. Peter’s Church
architecture of both tombs and temples.
MODERN ARCHITECTURE
Egyptian temples approached by impressive avenues of sphinxes-
Modern Architecture is an attempt to interpret man’s purpose
mythical monster.
through his building in a style free in relation to change and independent of
THE SPHINX fix symmetries.

• Egyptian architecture maintained its traditional form in spite of New structural materials are used in varying forms and are
newer conventions. It is impressive by its solemnity, gloom as well scientifically calculated to avoid waste.
as by its solidity, suggesting that the buildings were intended to last
PHOTOGRAPHY - the art or process of making pictures by means of a
eternally.
camera that directs the image of an object onto a film made sensitive to
MESOPOTAMIAN ARCHITECTURE light.

Mesopotamian Architecture is evident in its palaces and temples. HOW IS A PHOTOGRAPH PRODUCED?
The distinguishing characteristics is the Ziggurat, or tower, built at
Cameras work by focusing light in order to produce an image on a
successive levels, with ramps leading from one platform to the next in order
light-sensitive surface. Some cameras work by forming the image on light-
to reach the shrine which set the atop the Ziggurat.
sensitive film. Sometimes film uses dyes that change color when exposed to
Ziggurat light, as happens with film used to make colored slides or prints.

• The base alone is 50 ft. high Digital cameras convert the image they receive into electrical signals that
are stored. These signals can then be read by a computer and used to
• Some Ziggurat, such as one erected in Babylon has a height of 300
produce a picture on screen, which can be printed out. Mobile telephones
ft.
also take photographs the same way.
• It was the Ziggurat in Babylon that was named the “Tower of Babel”
PHOTOGRAPHIC TECHNIQUES - angles such as vertical, horizontal, or as
GREEK ARCHITECTURE pictured here diagonal are considered important photographic techniques

Greek Architecture in its most characteristic form is found in the CAMERAS

temple, a low building of post-and-lintel construction.
The camera is the image-forming device, and a photographic plate,
• Byzantine (A.D.200-1453) photographic film or a silicon electronic image sensor is the capture
medium. The respective recording medium can be the plate or film itself, or
BAROQUE ARCHITECTURE a digital magnetic or electronic memory.
It is characterized primarily as a period of elaborate sculptural STEREOSCOPIC
ornamentation. The architectural framework remained close to that of the
 Photographs, both monochrome and color, can be captured and Besides the camera, other methods of forming images with light are
displayed through two side-by-side images that emulate human available. For instance, a photocopy or xerography machine forms
stereoscopic vision. Stereoscopic photography was the first that captured permanent images but uses the transfer of static electrical charges rather
figures in motion. While known colloquially as “3-D” photography, the more than photographic medium, hence the term electrophotography.
accurate term is stereoscopy. Such cameras have long been realized by
Photograms are images produced by the shadows of objects cast on the
using film and more recently in digital electronic methods (including
photographic paper, without the use of a camera. Objects can also be
cellphone cameras).
placed directly on the glass of an image scanner to produce digital pictures.
DUALPHOTOGRAPHY
AMATUER
Dual photography consist of a scene from both sides of a
An amateur photographer is one who practices photography as a
photographic device at once. The dualphoto apparatus can be used to
hobby/passion and not necessarily for profit. Amateur photography is often
simultaneously capture both the subject and the photographer, or both
pre-eminent in photographic subjects which have little prospect of
sides of a geographical place at once, thus adding a supplementary narrative
commercial use or reward. Nowadays it has spread widely through social
layer to that of a single image.
media and is carried out throughout different platforms and equipment,
FULL-SPECTRUM, ULTRAVIOLET AND INFRARED switching to the use of cell phone as a key tool for making photography
more accessible to everyone.
Ultraviolet and infrared films have been available for many decades
and employed in a variety of photographic avenues since the 1960s. New COMMERCIAL
technological trends in digital photography have opened a new direction in
Commercial photography is probably best defined as any photography for
full-spectrum photography, where careful filtering choices across the
which the photographer is paid for images rather than works of art. In this
ultraviolet, visible and infrared lead to new artistic visions.
light, money could be paid for the subject of the photograph or the
photograph itself. Wholesale, retail, and professional uses of photography
would fall under this definition.

LIGHT-FIELD PHOTOGRAPHY
The commercial photographic world could include:
Digital methods of image capture and display processing have
enabled the new technology of “light field photography”. This process 1. ADVERTISING PHOTOGRAPHY - Photographs made to illustrate and
allows focusing at various depths of field to be selected after the usually sell a service or product. These images, such as pack shots, are
photograph has been captured. generally done with an in-house corporate design team.

As explained by Michael Faraday in 1846, the “light field” is understood as 2. FASHION AND GLAMOUR PHOTOGRAPHY- Usually incorporates models
5-dimensional, with each point in 3-D space having attributes of two more and is a form of advertising photography. Fashion photography, emphasizes
angles that define the direction of each ray passing through that point. clothes and other products; glamour emphasizes the model and body form.
Glamour photography is popular in advertising. Models in glamour
OTHER IMAGING TECHNIQUES
photography sometimes work nude.
3. CONCERT PHOTOGRAPHY - Focuses on capturing candid images of both execution, a lot of mental and physical work goes into capturing the perfect
the artist and band as well as the atmosphere. Concert photographs are picture- one that is actually worth a thousand words.
often used to promote the artist or band in addition to the venue.
“ YOU DON’T TAKE A PHOTOGRAPH, YOU MAKE IT.”
4. CRIME SCENE PHOTOGRAPHY - Consists of photographing scenes of
-Ansel Adams
crime such as robberies and murders. A black and white camera or an
infrared camera may be used to capture specific details. Sculpture- an artistic form of hard or plastic materials are worked into
three-dimensional art objects. The designs maybe embodied in freestanding
5. STILL LIFE PHOTOGRAPHY - Usually depicts inanimate subject matter,
objects, in reliefs on surfaces, or in environments ranging from tableaux to
typically commonplace objects which may be either natural or man-made.
contexts that envelop the spectator.
Still life is a broader category for food and some natural photography and
can be used for advertising purposes. DESIGN
6. FOOD PHOTOGRAPHY - It can be used for editorial packaging or In some cases, the direct construction of an object. (as in pottery,
advertising use. Food photography is similar to still life photography but engineering, management, coding, and graphic design) is also considered to
requires some special skills. use design thinking. Meanwhile, diverse kinds of objects may be designed,
including clothing, graphical user interfaces, products, skyscrapers,
7. EDITORIAL PHOTOGRAPHY - Illustrates a story or idea within the context
corporate identities, business processes, and even methods or processes of
of a magazine. These are usually assigned by the magazine and encompass
designingrDesign is the creation of a plan or convention for the construction
fashion and glamour photography features.
of an object
*PHOTOJOURNALISM - can be considered a subset of editorial
photography. Photographs made in this context are accepted as a
documentation of a news story.

8. PORTRAIT AND WEDDING PHOTOGRAPHY - Photographs made and sold

directly to the end user of the images.

9. LANDSCAPE PHOTOGRAPHY - depicts on location

10. WILDLIFE PHOTOGRAPHY - demonstrates the life of animals.

11. PAPARAZZI - Is a form of photojournalism in which the photographer

captures candid images of athletes, celebrities, politicians, and other
prominent people.

12. PET PHOTOGRAPHY - Involves several aspects that are similar to

traditional studio portraits. It can also be done in natural lighting, outside of
a studio, such as in a client’s home.

The art of photography is more than just angles, equipment, lighting and
Photoshop. From planning and conceptualizing to implementation and