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Time and Current Graded Protection

Time- and current-graded protection can be used where fault currents differ depending on if a fault is in front of or behind the relay point. Using inverse time or multi-stage definite time relays results in different operating times. This allows the requested time grading to be achieved and operating time requirements fulfilled. An example shows current-graded overcurrent protection on generator feeders, where the operating characteristic of multiple generators can be combined into an equivalent generator feeder characteristic. This ensures reliable time grading between generator feeders even with low network fault currents or an offline generator. The same method can be used for time grading between block transformer and generator feeder protection relays.

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juljan sinani
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888 views1 page

Time and Current Graded Protection

Time- and current-graded protection can be used where fault currents differ depending on if a fault is in front of or behind the relay point. Using inverse time or multi-stage definite time relays results in different operating times. This allows the requested time grading to be achieved and operating time requirements fulfilled. An example shows current-graded overcurrent protection on generator feeders, where the operating characteristic of multiple generators can be combined into an equivalent generator feeder characteristic. This ensures reliable time grading between generator feeders even with low network fault currents or an offline generator. The same method can be used for time grading between block transformer and generator feeder protection relays.

Uploaded by

juljan sinani
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as TXT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Time- and current-graded protection can be used in cases where the fault current

magnitudes in faults oc-


curring in front of and behind the relaying point are different. Due to the
different fault current levels using
inverse time relays but also multi-stage definite time relays, different operating
times can be obtained in ei-
ther direction. In this way the requested time grading can be obtained and the
operating time requirements
can be fulfilled.
Figure 8.2.3 shows an example time- and current-graded overcurrent protection
application. The study of
the time grading towards one particular generator feeder is straightforward if the
operating characteristic of
the protection of the other generator feeders are combined in a single operating
characteristic of a so-called
equivalent generator feeder. This is obtained by multiplying the current values of
the relay operating cha-
racteristic of a single generator by the number of generators in use at any time,
operating characteristic 3G ,
Figure 8.2.3. From the selectivity diagram, it can be seen that when a fault occurs
on feeder 4, for example,
the total fault current fed by the network and the other feeders reaches the level
indicated by ?. Thus, the
operating time of the protection can even be shorter than 100 ms. The fault current
fed by the equivalent
generator is at least on the level indicated by ?. It can clearly be seen that in
this way a reliable time-
grading is obtained between the generator feeders also in cases where the fault
current fed by the network is
particularly low or if one generator is out of operation. The same method of study
can be applied for plan-
ning the time-grading between the protection relays of the block transformer and
the generator feeders for
faults occurring in the network side. In this planning, special attention must be
paid to the number of gene-
rators in operation and its effect on the the selectivity. Should machines be taken
out of operation, the time-
grading towards the network can be endangered if the settings of the protection
relays of the block trans-
former are not adapted to the operating conditions at any time.
The protection practice described can also be used in the overcurrent protection of
ring and meshed net-
works. Another area of application is the earth fault protection of effectively
earthed ring and meshed net-
works.

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