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Traffic Engineering Studies (Parking Studies) : Sheethal Jain SP

This document discusses parking studies, which are used to determine parking demand and supply in an area. Parking studies involve taking an inventory of existing parking facilities, collecting data on parking accumulation, turnover, and duration, identifying parking generators, and obtaining information on parking demand. The data is then analyzed to summarize parking space usage and duration to understand the balance between parking demand and supply. The goal is to help solve parking issues and inform decisions around parking management.

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97 views14 pages

Traffic Engineering Studies (Parking Studies) : Sheethal Jain SP

This document discusses parking studies, which are used to determine parking demand and supply in an area. Parking studies involve taking an inventory of existing parking facilities, collecting data on parking accumulation, turnover, and duration, identifying parking generators, and obtaining information on parking demand. The data is then analyzed to summarize parking space usage and duration to understand the balance between parking demand and supply. The goal is to help solve parking issues and inform decisions around parking management.

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HELLO WORLD
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Traffic Engineering Studies

(Parking Studies)

SHEETHAL JAIN SP
Introduction
 Traveling vehicles at one time or another will
need to park for short or long times.
 Need for parking spaces is great in areas where
land uses include (business, residential, or
commercial).
 “Park-and-Ride” increased the need for parking
spaces at transit stations.
 In high density areas spaces are very
expensive, thus the space provided for
automobiles usually has to be divided between
their movement and parking.
 Parking spaces in CBD are mostly parallel to
curb type which reduces the capacity of the
streets.
 The solution is not simple of course.
Introduction Cont.
 For the above reasons parking studies are therefore used to:
 Determine the demand for and the supply of parking facilities in
an area.
 The projection of the demand.
 The views of various interest groups on how best to solve the
problem.
 Types of Parking Facilities:
 On-Street parking facilities (curb facilities):
 Unrestricted parkings: for free and unlimited duration of
parking and parking.
 Restricted parkings: if limited to specific times of the day for
a max. duration which may or may not be free. (may
include handicapped parkings and bus stops or loading
bays).
 Off-Street parking facilities:
 Privately or publicly owned
 Includes surface lots and garages
 Self or attendant parking.
Definition of Parking Terms
 Space-hour: is a unit of parking that defines the use of a
single parking space for a period of one hour.
 Parking Volume: is the total number of vehicles that park in
a study area during a specific length of time, usually a day.
 Parking accumulation: is the number of parked vehicles in a
study area at any specified time (plot of parking acc. Vs
time).
 Parking load: is the area under the accumulation curve
between two specific times (given as the number of space-
hours used during the specified period of time).
 Parking duration: is the length of time the vehicle is parked
at a parking bay. (average parking durations give an
indication of how frequently a parking space becomes
available).
 Parking turnover: is the rate of use of a parking space
(obtained by dividing the parking volume for a specified
period by the number of parking spaces).
Methodology of Parking Studies
1. Inventory of existing parking facilities.
2. Collection of data on parking accumulation,
parking turnover, and parking duration.
3. Identification of parking generators.
4. Collection of information on parking
demand.
Information on related factors, such as
financial, legal, and administrative
matters, may also be collected.
Inventory of existing parking
facilities
 Is a detailed listing of the location and all other
relevant characteristics of each legal parking facility.
 The relevant characteristics are:
 Type and number of parking spaces at each parking
facility.
 Times of operation and limit on duration of parking.
 Type of ownership (private or public).
 Parking fees and method of collection.
 Restriction on use (open or closed to public).
 Other restrictions if any (loading and unloading, bus
stops,…)
 Probable degree of permanency (can the facility be
regarded as permanent or is it just a temporary
facility).
 Should be updated at regular intervals (4 to 5 yrs).
Collection of Parking Data
 Accumulation: these data are
obtained by checking the amount of
parking during regular intervals ( 2-hr
basis between 6:00 am and 8:00 pm)
on different days of the week.
 selection of the times depend on the
operation times of land-use activities.
 See Figure 4.16 for parking
accumulation.
Collection of Parking Data
 Turnover and Duration: these data are usually
obtained by collecting data on sample of parking
spaces in a given block.
 This is done by recording the license plate of the
vehicle parked on each parking space in the sample at
the ends of fixed intervals during the study period.
 The length of the fixed interval depends on the
maximum permissible duration ( e.g. for max.
permissible of 1ht, an interval length of 20 minutes is
suitable).
 Turnover (T) = (Number of different vehicle
parked / Number of parking spaces)
Identification of Parking Generators
 This phase involves:
 Identifying parking generators:
 Shopping centers.
 Transit terminal
 Etc….
 Locating these parking generators on a
map of the study area.
Parking Demand
 Information on parking demand is obtained by interviewing
drivers at the various parking facilities listed during the
inventory.
 Interviewing all drivers using the parking on a typical
weekday between 8:00 am and 10:00 pm.
 Information sought should include:
 Trip origin.
 Purpose of trip.
 Driver destination after parking.
 The time of arrival and departure.
 Interviews can be carried out also by postcard technique.
(usually only about 30 to 50 % returned).
 Time and number of cards distributed should be recorded,
because this information is required to develop expansion
factors, which are used to expand the sample.
Analysis of parking Data
 Include summarizing, coding, and interpreting the
data so that the relevant information required for
decision making cab be obtained.
 Relevant information includes:
1. Number and duration of vehicles legally parked.
2. Number and duration of vehicles illegally parked.
3. Space-hours of demand of parking.
4. Supply of parking facilities.

 The analysis required to obtain information on the


first two items is straight forward, which involves
simple arithmetical and statistical calculations.
 Data obtained from these items are then used to
determine parking space-hours.
Analysis of parking Data Cont.
 The space-hours of demand are obtained
by:
D = Sum (ni ti) …… i = 1 to N
D = space vehicle hours demand for a
specified period of time.
N = number of classes of parking duration
ranges.
ni = mid parking duration of the ith class.
ti = number of vehicles parked for the ith
duration range
Analysis of parking Data Cont.
 The space-hours of supply are obtained by:
D = f Sum (ti) …… i = 1 to N
S = practical number of space-hours supply for a specified
period of time.
N = number of parking spaces available
f = efficiency factor.
ti = total length of time in hours when the I th space can be
legally parked on during the specific period.

 The efficiency factor is used to correct for time lost in each


turnover
 F= average of 90% for curb parking.
 F= average of 85% for surface lots.
 F= average of 80% for garages‫ز‬
 See Example 4.7

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