1. Prepare a one page report on the topic :- a) Impact of Internet on a Common Man”.

The Internet is the decisive technology of the Information Age, as the electrical engine was the vector of technological
transformation of the Industrial Age. This global network of computer networks, largely based nowadays on platforms of
wireless communication, provides ubiquitous capacity of multimodal, interactive communication in chosen time,
transcending space. The Internet is not really a new technology: its ancestor, the Arpanet, was first deployed in 1969 (Abbate
1999). But it was in the 1990s when it was privatized and released from the control of the U.S. Department of Commerce
that it diffused around the world at extraordinary speed: in 1996 the first survey of Internet users counted about 40 million;
in 2013 they are over 2.5 billion, with China accounting for the largest number of Internet users. Furthermore, for some time
the spread of the Internet was limited by the difficulty to lay out land-based telecommunications infrastructure in the
emerging countries. This has changed with the explosion of wireless communication in the early twenty-first century. Indeed,
in 1991, there were about 16 million subscribers of wireless devices in the world, in 2013 they are close to 7 billion (in a
planet of 7.7 billion human beings). Counting on the family and village uses of mobile phones, and taking into consideration
the limited use of these devices among children under five years of age, we can say that humankind is now almost entirely
connected, albeit with great levels of inequality in the bandwidth as well as in the efficiency and price of the service.
At the heart of these communication networks the Internet ensures the production, distribution, and use of digitized
information in all formats. According to the study published by Martin Hilbert in Science (Hilbert and López 2011), 95 percent
of all information existing in the planet is digitized and most of it is accessible on the Internet and other computer networks.
The speed and scope of the transformation of our communication environment by Internet and wireless communication has
triggered all kind of utopian and dystopian perceptions around the world.
In order to fully understand the effects of the Internet on society, we should remember that technology is
material culture. It is produced in a social process in a given institutional environment on the basis of the
ideas, values, interests, and knowledge of their producers, both their early producers and their subsequent
producers. In this process we must include the users of the technology, who appropriate and adapt the
technology rather than adopting it, and by so doing they modify it and produce it in an endless process of
interaction between technological production and social use. So, to assess the relevance of Internet in
society we must recall the specific characteristics of Internet as a technology. Then we must place it in the
context of the transformation of the overall social structure, as well as in relationship to the culture
characteristic of this social structure. Indeed, we live in a new social structure, the global network society,
characterized by the rise of a new culture, the culture of autonomy.

Internet is a technology of freedom, in the terms coined by Ithiel de Sola Pool in 1973, coming from a
libertarian culture, paradoxically financed by the Pentagon for the benefit of scientists, engineers, and their
students, with no direct military application in mind (Castells 2001). The expansion of the Internet from the
mid-1990s onward resulted from the combination of three main factors:

 The technological discovery of the World Wide Web by Tim Berners-Lee and his willingness to
distribute the source code to improve it by the open-source contribution of a global community of
users, in continuity with the openness of the TCP/IP Internet protocols. The web keeps running
under the same principle of open source. And two-thirds of web servers are operated by Apache, an
open-source server program.
 Institutional change in the management of the Internet, keeping it under the loose management of
the global Internet community, privatizing it, and allowing both commercial uses and cooperative
uses.
 Major changes in social structure, culture, and social behavior: networking as a prevalent
organizational form; individuation as the main orientation of social behavior; and the culture of
autonomy as the culture of the network society.
Define E-mail. State the advantages and disadvantages of E-mail.

Email messages are relayed through email servers, which are provided by all Internet service providers (ISP).
Emails are transmitted between two dedicated server folders: sender and recipient. A sender saves, sends or forwards email
messages, whereas a recipient reads or downloads emails by accessing an email server.

Email messages are comprised of three components, as follows:

Message envelope: Describes the email’s electronic format

Message header: Includes sender/recipient information and email subject line
Message body: Includes text, image and file attachments

The Advantages of Email

1. Email is a free tool. Once you are online, there is no further expense that you need to spend on in
order to send and receive messages.
2. Email is quick. Once you have finished composing a message, sending it is as simple as clicking a
button. Email, especially if an email alert system is integrated into the network, is sent, delivered
and read almost immediately.
3. Email is simple. It is easy to use. Once your account is set up, composing, sending and receiving
messages is simple. Also, email allows for the easy and quick access of information and contacts.
4. Email allows for easy referencing. Messages that have been sent and received can stored, and
searched through safely and easily. It is a lot easier to go through old email messages rather than
old notes written on paper.
5. Email is accessible from anywhere – as long as you have an internet connection. Whether or not
you are in the office or on the field, or even overseas, you can access your inbox and go through
your messages.

The Advantages and Disadvantages of EmailAnton Vdovin-Sep 21, 2017 5:38:43 PM0 Comments
Email is still among the most widely used communication tools in the workplace today. However, while email is still the go-to
medium for a lot of people, companies find that its disadvantages overtakes its advantages if they don’t employ an email
alert system.

advantages-of-email-communiction

The Advantages of Email

Email is a free tool. Once you are online, there is no further expense that you need to spend on in order to send and receive
messages.
Email is quick. Once you have finished composing a message, sending it is as simple as clicking a button. Email, especially if
an email alert system is integrated into the network, is sent, delivered and read almost immediately.
Email is simple. It is easy to use. Once your account is set up, composing, sending and receiving messages is simple. Also,
email allows for the easy and quick access of information and contacts.
Email allows for easy referencing. Messages that have been sent and received can stored, and searched through safely and
easily. It is a lot easier to go through old email messages rather than old notes written on paper.
Email is accessible from anywhere – as long as you have an internet connection. Whether or not you are in the office or on
the field, or even overseas, you can access your inbox and go through your messages.
Email is paperless, and therefore, beneficial for the planet. Not only can you reduce the costs of paper, you are actually
reducing the damage paper usage does to the environment.
Email allows for mass sending of messages. An effective medium to utilize to get your message out there, you can send one
particular message to several recipients all at once.
Email allows for instant access of information and files. You can opt to send yourself files and keep messages so that you
have a paper trail of conversations and interactions you have online just in case you may need them in the future.
On the other hand, while email certainly has its advantages, it can also have disadvantages especially if an email alert system
is not available in the workplace.
disadvantages of email

The Disadvantages of Email

Email could potentially cause information overload. Some messages may be dismissed or left unread, especially if there are a
lot coming in and the network has not integrated some sort of email alert system into the computers at work.
Email lacks a personal touch. While some things are better off sent as written and typed messages, some things should be
verbally relayed or written by hand in a note or letter.
Email can be disruptive. Going through each email can be disruptive to work as it does require a bit of time. This disruption is
decreased through the utilization of an email alert system.
Email cannot be ignored for a long time. The thing with email is that it needs constant maintenance. If you ignore it, more
and more messages will enter your inbox until it gets to the point that your inbox is no longer manageable.
Email can cause misunderstandings. Because email does not include nonverbal communication, recipients may misinterpret
the sender’s message. This is particularly true of senders fail to go through their messages before they send them.

4)There are many computer courses available today in the market .Among these which computer course would you like to
learn in future and What is the scope of this course in future?

Certificate Course in Graphics Designing: ...

Certificate Programme in MS Office: ...
Certificate Course in Web Designing. ...
Certificate Course in Programming Language. ...
Certificate Course in SEO:
) Explore internet and write short notes on any three internet services.

The Internet (portmanteau of interconnected network) is the global system of interconnected computer networks that use
the Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP) to link devices worldwide. It is a network of networks that consists of private, public,
academic, business, and government networks of local to global scope, linked by a broad array of electronic, wireless, and
optical networking technologies. The Internet carries a vast range of information resources and services, such as the inter-
linked hypertext documents and applications of the World Wide Web (WWW), electronic mail, telephony, and file sharing.

The origins of the Internet date back to research commissioned by the federal government of the United States in the 1960s
to build robust, fault-tolerant communication with computer networks.[1] The primary precursor network, the ARPANET,
initially served as a backbone for interconnection of regional academic and military networks in the 1980s. The funding of
the National Science Foundation Network as a new backbone in the 1980s, as well as private funding for other commercial
extensions, led to worldwide participation in the development of new networking technologies, and the merger of many
networks.[2] The linking of commercial networks and enterprises by the early 1990s marked the beginning of the transition
to the modern Internet,[3] and generated a sustained exponential growth as generations of institutional, personal, and
mobile computers were connected to the network. Although the Internet was widely used by academia since the 1980s,
commercialization incorporated its services and technologies into virtually every aspect of modern life.

Most traditional communication media, including telephony, radio, television, paper mail and newspapers are reshaped,
redefined, or even bypassed by the Internet, giving birth to new services such as email, Internet telephony, Internet
television, online music, digital newspapers, and video streaming websites. Newspaper, book, and other print publishing are
adapting to website technology, or are reshaped into blogging, web feeds and online news aggregators. The Internet has
enabled and accelerated new forms of personal interactions through instant messaging, Internet forums, and social
networking. Online shopping has grown exponentially both for major retailers and small businesses and entrepreneurs, as it
enables firms to extend their "brick and mortar" presence to serve a larger market or even sell goods and services entirely
online. Business-to-business and financial services on the Internet affect supply chains across entire industries.

The Internet has no single centralized governance in either technological implementation or policies for access and usage;
each constituent network sets its own policies.[4] The overreaching definitions of the two principal name spaces in the
Internet, the Internet Protocol address (IP address) space and the Domain Name System (DNS), are directed by a maintainer
organization, the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN). The technical underpinning and
standardization of the core protocols is an activity of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), a non-profit organization of
loosely affiliated international participants that anyone may associate with by contributing technical expertise.[5] In
November 2006, the Internet was included on USA Today's list of New Seven Wonders
Internet Services allows us to access huge amount of information such as text, graphics, sound and software over the
internet. Following diagram shows the four different categories of Internet Services.

Communication Services
There are various Communication Services available that offer exchange of information with individuals or groups. The
following table gives a brief introduction to these services:
S.N. Service Description

1 Electronic Mail
Used to send electronic message over the internet.

2 Telnet
Used to log on to a remote computer that is attached to internet.

3 Newsgroup
Offers a forum for people to discuss topics of common interests.

4 Internet Relay Chat (IRC)

Allows the people from all over the world to communicate in real time.

5 Mailing Lists
Used to organize group of internet users to share common information through e-mail.

6 Internet Telephony (VoIP)

Allows the internet users to talk across internet to any PC equipped to receive the call.

7 Instant Messaging
Offers real time chat between individuals and group of people. Eg. Yahoo messenger, MSN
messenger.

Information Retrieval Services

There exist several Information retrieval services offering easy access to information present on the internet. The following
table gives a brief introduction to these services:
S.N. Service Description

1 File Transfer Protocol (FTP)

Enable the users to transfer files.

2 Archie
It’s updated database of public FTP sites and their content. It helps to search a file by its name.

3 Gopher
Used to search, retrieve, and display documents on remote sites.

4 Very Easy Rodent Oriented Netwide Index to Computer Achieved (VERONICA)

VERONICA is gopher based resource. It allows access to the information resource stored on
gopher’s servers.

Web Services
Web services allow exchange of information between applications on the web. Using web services, applications can easily
interact with each other.
The web services are offered using concept of Utility Computing.
World Wide Web (WWW)
WWW is also known as W3. It offers a way to access documents spread over the several servers over the internet. These
documents may contain texts, graphics, audio, video, hyperlinks. The hyperlinks allow the users to navigate between the
documents.
Video Conferencing
Video conferencing or Video teleconferencing is a method of communicating by two-way video and audio transmission with
help of telecommunication technologies.