Scribd
Upload
173 views

Basic Electronics - AC - DC PDF

1. Passive components like resistors and capacitors are used in circuits to limit current flow or provide a voltage drop. Capacitors store electrical energy in an electric field between two conducting plates separated by an insulating dielectric. 2. Inductors are coils of wire that introduce inductance and oppose changes in current in a circuit. Inductance and factors like the number of turns and type of material used determine the amount of self-induced voltage. 3. Alternating current reverses direction periodically unlike direct current, and has parameters like wavelength, period, and instantaneous and average values that describe its cyclic oscillations.

Uploaded by

Rowena Resurreccion
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
173 views

Basic Electronics - AC - DC PDF

1. Passive components like resistors and capacitors are used in circuits to limit current flow or provide a voltage drop. Capacitors store electrical energy in an electric field between two conducting plates separated by an insulating dielectric. 2. Inductors are coils of wire that introduce inductance and oppose changes in current in a circuit. Inductance and factors like the number of turns and type of material used determine the amount of self-induced voltage. 3. Alternating current reverses direction periodically unlike direct current, and has parameters like wavelength, period, and instantaneous and average values that describe its cyclic oscillations.

Uploaded by

Rowena Resurreccion
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 20

BASIC ELECTRICAL AND

ELECTRONICS CONCEPTS
-Passive components used to limit the flow of electric
current or provide a voltage drop in a circuit.

RESISTORS
Jaime P. Licuanan, PECE, ACPE
A device that stores electrical energy in electronic
static field

Capacitor consists of 2 conducting plates called


electrodes and separated by a layer of an insulating
material medium called Dielectric

CAPACITORS
Jaime P. Licuanan, PECE, ACPE
Where:
C – capacitance of a capacitor in farad, F
Q – charge stored in coulomb, C
E – potential difference across the
capacitor in volt, V

Where:
C – capacitance in farad, F
A – area of each plate in square meter
d – distance between plates or thickness of
dielectric material in meter
k- dielectric constants

VALUE of the CAPACITANCE


Jaime P. Licuanan, PECE, ACPE
Dielectric Hysteresis

Dielectric Hysteresis is the effect in the dielectric material similar to the


hysteresis found in the magnetic material.
It is the result of changes in orientation of electron orbits in the dielectric
because of the rapid reversals of the polarity of the line voltage.

Dielectric Leakage
Dielectric Leakage in a capacitor as a result of leakage current through the
dielectric.
If the leakage current through the dielectric is abnormally high, there will
be a rapid loss of charge and overheating will occur.

CAPACITOR LOSSES

Jaime P. Licuanan, PECE, ACPE


 INDUC TORS are simply a coil of a wire that
introduces inductance in a circuit.
INDUCTANCE is the characteristic of an electrical
circuit that opposes the change in value of current.

Where:
E– self-induced voltage (volt)
L – inductance (Henry)
di /dt – rate of change of current ( Amp / sec )

INDUCTORS
Jaime P. Licuanan, PECE, ACPE
Self - Inductance

- The property of the material which determines the amount


of electromotive force induced in the circuit whenever the
current changes in the circuit.

Number of Turns of Coil


The Diameter of the Coil
The Coil Length
The Type of Material Used in the Core
The Number of Layers of Winding

Factors Affecting Inductance


Jaime P. Licuanan, PECE, ACPE
Mutual - Inductance

- The common inductance of two coupled electrical circuits


which determines, for a given rate of change of current in one of
the circuits, the electromotive force that will be induced in the
other.

Where:
M – mutual inductance ( Henry )
L1 – self-inductance of coil 1 (Henry)
L2 – self-inductance of coil 2 (Henry)
k – coefficient of coupling
+ / - - series aiding / series oppossing

Factors Affecting Inductance


Jaime P. Licuanan, PECE, ACPE
Inductive Reactance (Ω) Capacitive Reactance (Ω)

Time Constant Time Constant

Instantaneous Current Instantaneous Voltage

Charging Charging

Discharge Discharge

Inductor and Capacitor in AC Circuit

Jaime P. Licuanan, PECE, ACPE


Induced Voltage Induced Current
Rate of Current Rate of Voltage

Rate of Flux

Energy Stored ( Joule) Energy Stored ( Joule )

ELI ICE

Inductor and Capacitor in AC Circuit

Jaime P. Licuanan, PECE, ACPE


CIRCUITS
-closed conducting path where current is intended to
flow

DC CIRCUITS
Jaime P. Licuanan, PECE, ACPE
Alternating Current (AC)
- A flow of electricity which reaches maximum in one direction,
decreases to zero, then reverses itself and reaches maximum in the
opposite direction.

AC CIRCUITS
Jaime P. Licuanan, PECE, ACPE
Wavelength
- Distance between two points of similar cycle of a periodic wave.

Period
- Time required for one complete cycle of a repetitive system, or simply
the reciprocal of frequency.

Average Value
- Arithmetic average of all the values of an alternating quantity
considered over one-half cycle.

Instantaneous Value

- The value of an alternating quantity at any particular instant is called


instantaneous value.

Parameters of AC
Jaime P. Licuanan, PECE, ACPE
Reactances

- Oppositions of an inductor and capacitor offers to AC.

Impedance

- Total opposition to the flow of AC.


- Combination of resistance and reactance.

Admittance

- Arithmetic average of all the values of an alternating quantity


considered over one-half cycle.

Parameters of AC

Jaime P. Licuanan, PECE, ACPE


True Power (Watts)

- Power consumed by the resistive component.

Reactive Power (VAR)

- The power consumed by the reactive


component, either inductor or capacitor.

Apparent Power (VA)

- The vector sum of the true and reactive


powers.

POWER

Jaime P. Licuanan, PECE, ACPE


Power Factor (PF)
Power Triangle

Reactive Factor (RF)

POWER

Jaime P. Licuanan, PECE, ACPE


Superposition Theorem
- In a network with two or more sources, the current or voltage for any
component is the algebraic sum of the effects produced by each source acting
separately.

Millman’s Theorem

- Compute voltage across parallel circuits.

NETWORK THEOREMS

Jaime P. Licuanan, PECE, ACPE


Kirchoff’s Law
•Kirchoff’s Current Law (KCL)
- Algebraic Sum of the Currents entering and leaving any node o
junction is equal to zero.
•Kirchoff’s Voltage Law (KVL)
- Algebraic Sum of the Voltage drops and the supply voltage in a
closed path or loop is zero.

NETWORK THEOREMS

Jaime P. Licuanan, PECE, ACPE


Thevenin’s Theorem
- The entire network connected to the load can be replaced by a single
voltage source Vth in series with a single resistance Rth connected to the same
terminal.

Norton’s Theorem

- The current IN is the short-circuit current between the two terminals


and the resistance RN is the resistance of the network viewed from the terminals
with all current sources replaced by their internal resistances.

NETWORK THEOREMS

Jaime P. Licuanan, PECE, ACPE


DELTA to WYE

WYE to DELTA

For Balanced DELTA or WYE

DELTA –WYE Transformation

Jaime P. Licuanan, PECE, ACPE

You might also like