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Rotational Equilibrium and Rotational Dynamics Student

1. The document discusses rotational equilibrium, torque, moments of inertia, and rotational dynamics concepts like angular acceleration. It provides definitions of torque and moments of inertia. Examples are given to demonstrate calculating torque, finding centers of gravity, and solving rotational dynamics problems. 2. Rotational concepts like torque, moments of inertia, and angular acceleration are defined. Examples show calculating torque using the torque equation, finding centers of gravity, and solving for angular acceleration and moment of inertia. 3. Key rotational concepts such as torque, moments of inertia, and angular acceleration are introduced along with relevant equations. Examples demonstrate applying these concepts to problems involving seesaws, centers of gravity, and rotational dynamics.

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Mark Paul
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271 views

Rotational Equilibrium and Rotational Dynamics Student

1. The document discusses rotational equilibrium, torque, moments of inertia, and rotational dynamics concepts like angular acceleration. It provides definitions of torque and moments of inertia. Examples are given to demonstrate calculating torque, finding centers of gravity, and solving rotational dynamics problems. 2. Rotational concepts like torque, moments of inertia, and angular acceleration are defined. Examples show calculating torque using the torque equation, finding centers of gravity, and solving for angular acceleration and moment of inertia. 3. Key rotational concepts such as torque, moments of inertia, and angular acceleration are introduced along with relevant equations. Examples demonstrate applying these concepts to problems involving seesaws, centers of gravity, and rotational dynamics.

Uploaded by

Mark Paul
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Rotational Equilibrium and Rotational Dynamics

Torque
Let F be a force acting on an • Where: r is the length of the
object, and let r be a position position vector, F is the
vector from a chosen point O to magnitude of the force and θ is
the point of application of the the angle between F and r. SI
force, with F perpendicular to r. unit: Newton-meter (N-m)
The magnitude of the torque τ
exerted by the force F is given by:
τ = rFsinθ
Note: positive - counterclockwise
negative - clockwise
Example
• (a) A man applies a force of F = 3.00
x 102 N at an angle of 60.0 to the door
shown, 2.00 m from the hinges. Find
the torque on the door, choosing the
position of the hinges as the axis of
rotation. (b) Suppose a wedge is placed
1.50 m from the hinges on the other
side of the door. What minimum force
must the wedge exert so that the force
applied in part (a) won’t open the
door?
Two Conditions of Equilibrium
Example 1
A woman of mass m = 55.0 kg sits
on the left end of a seesaw—a plank
of length L = 4.00 m, pivoted in the
middle as shown. (a) compute the
torque on the seesaw about an axis
that passes through the pivot point.
Where should a man of mass M =
75.0 kg sit if the system (seesaw plus
man and woman) is to be balanced?
(b) Find the normal force exerted by
the pivot if the plank has a mass of
mpl = 12.0 kg. Ans: 1.47 m, 1390 N
Solution
Free body diagram
Center of Gravity (x - coordinate)
𝑚1𝑥1+𝑚2𝑥2+𝑚3𝑥3+⋯
xcg =
𝑚1+𝑚2+𝑚3+⋯

σ 𝑚𝑖𝑥𝑖
Xcg = σ 𝑚𝑖
The net gravitational torque on an
object is zero if computed around
the center of gravity. The object will
balance if supported at that point (or
at any point along a vertical line
above or below that point).
Center of Gravity (y - coordinate)
𝑚1𝑦1+𝑚2𝑦2+𝑚3𝑦3+⋯
ycg =
𝑚1+𝑚2+𝑚3+⋯

σ 𝑚𝑖𝑦𝑖
ycg = σ 𝑚𝑖
The net gravitational torque on an
object is zero if computed around
the center of gravity. The object will
balance if supported at that point (or
at any point along a vertical line
above or below that point).
Center of Gravity (z - coordinate)
𝑚1𝑧1+𝑚2𝑧2+𝑚3𝑧3+⋯
zcg =
𝑚1+𝑚2+𝑚3+⋯

σ 𝑚𝑖𝑧𝑖
zcg = σ 𝑚𝑖
The net gravitational torque on an
object is zero if computed around
the center of gravity. The object will
balance if supported at that point (or
at any point along a vertical line
above or below that point).
Example 2
Three particles are located
in a coordinate system as
shown in Figure. Find the
center of gravity. Ans:
0.136 m
Moments of Inertia
I = σ 𝑚𝑟2 Where:
m – mass
R – distance from the axis of
I = m1r12+m2r22 +...+mnrn2 rotation
τ – torque
στ α – angular acceleration
I=
α

• Unit: kg.m2
Example 3
A baseball player loosening up his arm before a
game tosses a 0.150kg baseball, using only the
rotation of his forearm to accelerate the ball as
shown. The forearm has a mass of 1.50 kg and a
length of 0.350 m. The ball starts at rest and is
released with a speed of 30.0 m/s in 0.300 s. (a)
Find the constant angular acceleration of the
arm and ball. (b) Calculate the moment of
inertia of the system consisting of the forearm
and ball. (c) Find the torque exerted on the
system that results in the angular acceleration
found in part (a). Ans: 286 rad/sec; 0.0797
kg.m2; 22.8 N.m
Assignment:
1. Suppose a 30.0-kg child sits 1.50 m to the left of center on the same
seesaw. A second child sits at the end on the opposite side, and the
system is balanced. (a) Find the mass of the second child. (b) Find the
normal force acting at the pivot point.
2. If a fourth particle of mass 2.00 kg is placed at x = 0, y = 0.250 m in
example2, find the x- and y-coordinates of the center of gravity for this
system of four particles.
3. A catapult with a radial arm 4.00 m long accelerates a ball of mass 20.0
kg through a quarter circle. The ball leaves the apparatus at 45.0 m/s. If
the mass of the arm is 25.0 kg and the acceleration is constant, find (a)
the angular acceleration, (b) the moment of inertia of the arm and ball,
and (c) the net torque exerted on the ball and arm. Hint: Use the time-
independent rotational kinematics equation to find the angular
acceleration, rather than the angular velocity equation.

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