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Geography Project: Name-Class - Sec - Roll No. - Session

The document discusses contours and contour lines. It defines a contour line as a curve that connects points of equal elevation or other variable. Contour lines are used in maps like topographic maps to show elevation changes like hills and valleys. The document explains how to properly draw contour lines and lists the different contour patterns that can be seen, such as those for hills, plateaus, passes and saddles.

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Marroon Gaming
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443 views

Geography Project: Name-Class - Sec - Roll No. - Session

The document discusses contours and contour lines. It defines a contour line as a curve that connects points of equal elevation or other variable. Contour lines are used in maps like topographic maps to show elevation changes like hills and valleys. The document explains how to properly draw contour lines and lists the different contour patterns that can be seen, such as those for hills, plateaus, passes and saddles.

Uploaded by

Marroon Gaming
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 8

Page- 1

GEOGRAPHY
PROJECT
NAME- Shubhayan Chakraborty
CLASS- VIII
SEC- D
ROLL NO. - 41
SESSION- 2019- 20
Page- 2

Acknowledgement

I am grateful to the subject teacher, librarian and the


school authorities in helping me to complete my
project.

Bibliography

Website Consulted- Wikipedia


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_line

Natural geography
https://www.e-
education.psu.edu/natureofgeoinfo/c7_p6.html
Page- 3

Content
Page- 4
Page- 5

Introduction
WHAT ARE CONTOURS?
A contour line (also isoline, isopleth, or isarithm) of a function of two variables is
a curve along which the function has a constant value, so that the curve joins points of equal
value.[1][2] It is a plane section of the three-dimensional graph of the function f(x, y) parallel to
the x, y plane. In cartography, a contour line (often just called a "contour") joins points of
equal elevation (height) above a given level, such as mean sea level.[3] A contour map is
a map illustrated with contour lines, for example a topographic map, which thus shows
valleys and hills, and the steepness or gentleness of slopes.[4] The contour interval of a
contour map is the difference in elevation between successive contour lines.[5]

WHERE AND WHY IS IT USED?


Contours are used in many fields such as:-

Isopleths

Meteorology
Barometric pressure
Temperature and related subjects
Rainfall and air moisture
Wind
Freeze and thaw
Page- 6

Physical geography and oceanography


Elevation and depth
Interpretation
Electrostatics
Magnetism
Oceanography

Geology

Environmental science

Ecology

Social sciences

Statistics

Thermodynamics, engineering, and other sciences

HOW TO DRAW A CONTOUR LINE?

Keep in mind the following characteristics of contour lines (Rabenhorst and McDermott, 1989):

 Contours should always point upstream in valleys


 Contours should always point downridge along ridges
 Adjacent contours should always be sequential or equivalent
 Contours should never split into two
 Contours should never cross or loop
 Contours should never spiral
 Contours should never stop in the middle of a map
Page- 7

CONTOUR PATTERN
WHAT CONTOURS DO WE GET?

Hill

A Hill refers to a landform that was a summit at a high elevation. A conical


hill is like a cone which has a broad base. Its slope is almost the same on
all s
Plateau

Pass

Saddle

CONCLUSION

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