FUNCTIONS

Grade 11 – General Mathematics

RAYMOND A. GORDA
DESIREE R. EUSTE
Lecturer
MTAP Annual Convention (Oct. 8 - 9, 2016) FUNCTIONS
 Functions and Relations

I. Functions and Relations

Both relations and functions are rules that describes

associations between quantities. But many real-world

situations follow exact rules, which can be modeled by

functions. Knowing these functions and relations allow

us to solve a great deal of real-life problems and to make

decisions analytically.

MTAP Annual Convention (Oct. 8 - 9, 2016) FUNCTIONS

 Functions and Relations

A relation is a rule that relates values from the first

set of values (called the domain) to a second set of
values (called the range). An element of the domain may
be related to one or more elements of the range.

(Note: Relations can be extended to three or more

sets of values.)

MTAP Annual Convention (Oct. 8 - 9, 2016) FUNCTIONS

 Functions and Relations

A relation is a rule that relates values from the first

set of values (called the domain) to a second set of
values (called the range). An element of the domain may
be related to one or more elements of the range.

(Note: Relations can be extended to three or more

sets of values.)

E.g. The sum of the square of the legs of a right

triangle equals the square of the hypotenuse, or
𝒂𝟐 + 𝒃𝟐 = 𝒄𝟐 , or A = bh.

MTAP Annual Convention (Oct. 8 - 9, 2016) FUNCTIONS

 Functions and Relations

A function f is a rule that assigns to each element x in

the first set of values, exactly one and only one element,

called f(x) or y, in a second set of values. The variable x is

called the independent variable, while f(x) or y, is the

dependent variable. The symbol f(x) is the function

notation read as “f function of x” or “f function values at

x”.

MTAP Annual Convention (Oct. 8 - 9, 2016) FUNCTIONS

 Functions and Relations

A single function may be represented in 4

ways:

1. verbally (by a description in words)

2. algebraically (by an explicit formula)
3. visually (by a graph or diagram)
4. numerically (by a table of values or ordered
pairs)

MTAP Annual Convention (Oct. 8 - 9, 2016) FUNCTIONS

 Functions and Relations

Function statement:
Fahrenheit temperature is a function of Celsius temperature.
“To find the Fahrenheit Visually
equivalent of a Celsius
Verbally temperature, multiply the
Celsius temperature by 9/5,
then add 32.”
Algebra 9
F   C   32
ically 5

Numeri (0, 32), (5, 41),

cally (10, 50), (30, 86)

MTAP Annual Convention (Oct. 8 - 9, 2016) FUNCTIONS

 Functions and Relations

THE GRAPH OF A FUNCTION

If f is a function with domain A, then the graph of f is
the set of ordered pairs {(x, f(x))x ∈ A} plotted in a
coordinate plane, that is, the graph of f is the set of all
points (x, y) such that y = f(x).

VERTICAL LINE TEST

If every vertical line drawn on the graph of a relation
passes through at most one point of the graph, then the
relation is a function.
MTAP Annual Convention (Oct. 8 - 9, 2016) FUNCTIONS
 Functions and Relations

 Exercises
A. Determine which of the following represents a function.
2 3 4 2 2
1. x  2y  17 4. y  3x y  4x

3 3x  1
2. x  2y  1 5. x 
2x  3

2x  3
3. y  4x  15 2 6. y 
2x  3

MTAP Annual Convention (Oct. 8 - 9, 2016) FUNCTIONS

 Functions and Relations

 Exercises
A. Determine which of the following represents a function.
2 3 4 2 2
1. x  2y  17 4. y  3x y  4x
not a function
3 3x  1
2. x  2y  1 5. x 
2x  3

2x  3
3. y  4x  15 2 6. y 
2x  3

MTAP Annual Convention (Oct. 8 - 9, 2016) FUNCTIONS

 Functions and Relations

 Exercises
A. Determine which of the following represents a function.
2 3 4 2 2
1. x  2y  17 4. y  3x y  4x
not a function
3 3x  1
2. x  2y  1 5. x 
2x  3

2x  3
3. y  4x  15 2 6. y 
2x  3

MTAP Annual Convention (Oct. 8 - 9, 2016) FUNCTIONS

 Functions and Relations

 Exercises
A. Determine which of the following represents a function.
2 3 4 2 2
1. x  2y  17 4. y  3x y  4x
not a function
3 3x  1
2. x  2y  1 5. x 
2x  3

2x  3
3. y  4x  15 2 6. y 
2x  3

MTAP Annual Convention (Oct. 8 - 9, 2016) FUNCTIONS

 Functions and Relations

 Exercises
A. Determine which of the following represents a function.
2 3 4 2 2
1. x  2y  17 4. y  3x y  4x
not a function not a function
3 3x  1
2. x  2y  1 5. x 
2x  3
not a function not a function
2x  3
3. y  4x  15 2 6. y 
2x  3

MTAP Annual Convention (Oct. 8 - 9, 2016) FUNCTIONS

 Functions and Relations

 Exercises
A. Determine which of the following represents a function.
2 3 4 2 2
1. x  2y  17 4. y  3x y  4x
not a function not a function
3 3x  1
2. x  2y  1 5. x 
2x  3
not a function not a function
2x  3
3. y  4x  15 2 6. y 
2x  3
function
MTAP Annual Convention (Oct. 8 - 9, 2016) FUNCTIONS
 Functions and Relations

 Exercises
A. Determine which of the following represents a function.
2 3 4 2 2
1. x  2y  17 4. y  3x y  4x
not a function not a function
3 3x  1
2. x  2y  1 5. x 
2x  3
not a function not a function
2x  3
3. y  4x  15 2 6. y 
2x  3
function function
MTAP Annual Convention (Oct. 8 - 9, 2016) FUNCTIONS
 Functions and Relations

 Exercises
B. Using Vertical Line Test, which graph is a function?.

1. 2.

3.

MTAP Annual Convention (Oct. 8 - 9, 2016) FUNCTIONS

 Functions and Relations

 Exercises
B. Using Vertical Line Test, which graph is a function?.

1. 2.

function
3.

MTAP Annual Convention (Oct. 8 - 9, 2016) FUNCTIONS

 Functions and Relations

 Exercises
B. Using Vertical Line Test, which graph is a function?.

1. 2.

function
3.

MTAP Annual Convention (Oct. 8 - 9, 2016) FUNCTIONS

 Functions and Relations

 Exercises
B. Using Vertical Line Test, which graph is a function?.

1. 2.

not a function
function
3.

not a function
MTAP Annual Convention (Oct. 8 - 9, 2016) FUNCTIONS
 Functions and Relations

 Exercises
C. Evaluate the function at the indicated values..

1. f  x   3x  2x  6; f  3  , f  3  , f  0 
2

2. f  x   2x  3x ; f a  ; f  2a  ; f  a 
3 2

MTAP Annual Convention (Oct. 8 - 9, 2016) FUNCTIONS

 Functions and Relations

 Exercises
C. Evaluate the function at the indicated values..

1. f  x   3x  2x  6; f  3  , f  3  , f  0 
2

f  3   15, f  3   27, f  0   6

2. f  x   2x  3x ; f a  ; f  2a  ; f  a 
3 2

MTAP Annual Convention (Oct. 8 - 9, 2016) FUNCTIONS

 Functions and Relations

 Exercises
C. Evaluate the function at the indicated values..

1. f  x   3x  2x  6; f  3  , f  3  , f  0 
2

f  3   15, f  3   27, f  0   6

2. f  x   2x  3x ; f a  ; f  2a  ; f  a 
3 2

f  a   2a  3a ; f  2a   16a  12a ; f  a   2a  3a

3 2 3 2 3 2

MTAP Annual Convention (Oct. 8 - 9, 2016) FUNCTIONS

 Functions and Relations

 Exercises
D. Given the following pair of functions, solve for (f + g)(x),
(f − g)(x), (f ∗ g)(x), (f ÷ g)(x), (f ∘ g)(x),.
x 1
1. f  x   ; g x   x2  3
x

MTAP Annual Convention (Oct. 8 - 9, 2016) FUNCTIONS

 Functions and Relations

 Exercises
D. Given the following pair of functions, solve for (f + g)(x),
(f − g)(x), (f ∗ g)(x), (f ÷ g)(x), (f ∘ g)(x),.
x 1
1. f  x   ; g x   x2  3
x
x 1
a.  f  g   x  
2
x 3
x


x 1

 2
x x 3 
x x
3
x 1 x  3x
 
x x
3
x  4x  1

x
MTAP Annual Convention (Oct. 8 - 9, 2016) FUNCTIONS
 Functions and Relations

 Exercises
D. Given the following pair of functions, solve for (f + g)(x),
(f − g)(x), (f ∗ g)(x), (f ÷ g)(x), (f ∘ g)(x),.
x 1
1. f  x   ; g x   x2  3
x
x 1
b.  f  g   x  
x

 x 3
2


x 1


x x 3
2

x x
3
x 1 x  3x
 
x x
3
 x  2x  1

x
MTAP Annual Convention (Oct. 8 - 9, 2016) FUNCTIONS
 Functions and Relations

 Exercises
D. Given the following pair of functions, solve for (f + g)(x),
(f − g)(x), (f ∗ g)(x), (f ÷ g)(x), (f ∘ g)(x),.
x 1
1. f  x   ; g x   x2  3
x

 x  1 x2  3
c.  f g   x    x  
 
3 2
x  x  3x  3

x

MTAP Annual Convention (Oct. 8 - 9, 2016) FUNCTIONS

 Functions and Relations

 Exercises
D. Given the following pair of functions, solve for (f + g)(x),
(f − g)(x), (f ∗ g)(x), (f ÷ g)(x), (f ∘ g)(x),.
x 1
1. f  x   ; g x   x2  3
x

 x 1
d.  f  g   x       3
2
 x
 x 

 x 1  1 
  2 
 x  x  3
x 1
 3
x  3x

MTAP Annual Convention (Oct. 8 - 9, 2016) FUNCTIONS

 Functions and Relations

 Exercises
D. Given the following pair of functions, solve for (f + g)(x),
(f − g)(x), (f ∗ g)(x), (f ÷ g)(x), (f ∘ g)(x),.
x 1
1. f  x   ; g x   x2  3
x

e.  f  
g  x   f g x  3
2


 x  3  1
2

2
x 3
2
x 4
 2
x 3

MTAP Annual Convention (Oct. 8 - 9, 2016) FUNCTIONS

 Functions and Relations

Piecewise-defined Function

A function which is defined by multiple sub-

functions, each sub-function applying to a certain
interval of the main function's domain (a sub-
domain).
3  x if x  1
f x  
3  sx if x  1
sub domain
sub functions subdomain

MTAP Annual Convention (Oct. 8 - 9, 2016) FUNCTIONS

 Piecewise Functions

3  x if x  1
f x  
3  x if x  1
3  x if x  1

3  x if x  1

MTAP Annual Convention (Oct. 8 - 9, 2016) FUNCTIONS

 Piecewise Functions

Sub-domain: Sub-range:
3  x if x  1 (−∞, 1] (−∞, 4]
f x  
3  x if x  1 (1, +∞) (−∞, 2)

Domain: (−∞, 1] ∪ (1, +∞)

⇒ (−∞, +∞)
⇒ {x  x ∈ ℝ}
Range: (−∞, 4] ∪ (−∞, 2)
⇒ (−∞, 4]
⇒ {y  y ≤ 4}
MTAP Annual Convention (Oct. 8 - 9, 2016) FUNCTIONS
 Piecewise Functions

 Exercises
E. Graph the following piecewise functions. Give their
domain and range.
 x if x  0
1. f  x   
 x if x  0

4  x 2 if x  1
2. f  x    2
2  x if 1  x
 x 5 if x  3

3. f  x    9  x 2
if  3  x  3
 3x if x  3

MTAP Annual Convention (Oct. 8 - 9, 2016) FUNCTIONS
 Piecewise Functions

 Exercises
E. 1.
 x if x  0
f x   
  x if x  0

domain : x : x  
range : y : y  0

MTAP Annual Convention (Oct. 8 - 9, 2016) FUNCTIONS

 Piecewise Functions

 Exercises
E. 2.
4  x 2 if x  1
f x    2
2  x if 1  x
domain : x : x  
range : y : y  

MTAP Annual Convention (Oct. 8 - 9, 2016) FUNCTIONS

 Piecewise Functions

 Exercises
E. 3.  x  5 if x  3

f x    9  x2 if  3  x  3 domain : x : x  
 3x if x  3 range : y : y  3


MTAP Annual Convention (Oct. 8 - 9, 2016) FUNCTIONS