ME3281

MACHINE DRAWING PRACTICE

ASSIGNMENT BOOKLET
(for private circulation only)

Prof. R. Gnanamoorthy
Course Coordinator
&
Dr. Ratna Kumar Annabattula VVSD

Department of Mechanical Engineering

Indian Institute of Technology Madras
Chennai 600036
July 2019
 ME3281 – Machine Drawing Practice

*L T E P O C 1 0 0 3 3 7
Objective: 1. To understand the basics of Machine Drawing representation, important
conventions and standards, geometric dimensioning and tolerance. 2. To create and understand
assembly and manufacturing drawings and. 3. Exposure to 3D modeling packages.
Course content: Sectional views of machine components – various techniques and conventions
(10 hours). Fastening and connecting methods for assembly – representation of screw threads,
keys, fasteners, riveting and welding (12 hours). Introduction to 3D modeling of machine
components - creating assembly drawings and bill of materials (16 hours). Dimensions, limits,
fits and tolerances, surface finish and machining symbols, production drawings (12 hours).
Text books:
1. Narayana K.L., Kannaiah.P& Venkata Reddy.K., “Machine Drawing“, New Age International, 2009

2. Bhatt N. D., “Machine Drawing”, Charotar Publishing House, 2014.

Reference books:
1. Luzadder. J. W & Duff M Jon, “Fundamentals of Engineering Drawing”, PHI Learning, 2008

2. French &Vierk., “Fundamentals of Engineering Drawing”, McGraw Hill, 1996.

Prerequisite: ME1480 - Engineering Drawing

Schedule of Exercises

Page No. of
S. No Description
No. Classes
1 Sectional views 2 3
2 Fasteners (Bolted Joints, Keyed Joints, Riveted Joints and
6 3
Welded Joints)
3 Assembly drawings 423
4 Production drawings 329
Total 13
5 Conventional representations needs to be carried out outside the class hours (O Category)

Weightage:

Assignment – 25% (based on the assignments carried out in the Laboratory)

Project – 15% (based on the Individual Project done beyond the class hours)
Mid Semester Exam – 20%
End Semester Exam – 40%
*L – Lecture; T – Tutorial; E – Extended Tutorial; P – Practical; O – Hours spent outside class; C- Credits

1
 1. SECTIONAL VIEWS

1.1 Fig. 1.1 shows a Vertical Support Bracket.

Draw a sectional elevation, plan and half sectional left side view.

1.2 Fig. 1.2 shows elevation and left side view of the Bracket.
Draw the views given below to full size.
a) Plan
b) A sectional side view on plane C-C

1.3 Fig 1.3 shows the orthographic views of a Machine Cover.

Draw the following views.
a) Sectional elevation at D-D
b) Plan

1.4 Fig 1.4 shows an orthographic views of a Terminal Block.

Draw the following views.
a) Sectional elevation at A-A
b) Half Sectional right-hand side view, the section being taken as the Plane B-B

1.5 Fig. 1.5 shows the orthographic views of a Rocker Arm.

Draw the following views.
a) A sectional elevation at A-A
b) Side view

1.6 Fig 1.6 shows a Machine Cap.

Draw the following views.
a) A full sectional elevation taking the sectional plane A-A passing through the centre of
the rib and cutting the ribs longitudinally.
b) A sectional side view at B-B

2
 Ø26 2 x 45°

8
Ø10 R10

62
45
25

12
10 60
4 Holes
Ø10 B R35
Ø50
2 Holes
R15 Ø14

□80
60

A A
10

R15 B
38 50
76
100

Fig. 1.1 Vertical Support Bracket

50 42
34
Ø16
Ø10
C R2
10

R4
Ø30 Ø18 22

6
110

R21 6
R3
5
68

R16
R13
16
R3
2 Holes Ø10
8

32
C 41
60 48
92

Fig. 1.2 Bracket

3
 Ø10 Ø20 R10
2 Holes
20 D R4

M10
Ø8 16

5
10 15
45

65
35
10

45
35

15
7
35 D 6
30 45 15

130

Fig. 1.3 Machine Cover

70
27
8

R1
3
8

15

23
5

11
13
5

Ø3 Ø3

50 13
B 12
3

8
8
10

R10
8

A
5
3

11

B A
R3

7 7 7 19 7

Fig. 1.4 Terminal Block

4
 16

51
19

19
8
55

17.5
152 19
Ø44 13
63

22

32
42

14
Ø29
30°

A
11 Ø29

Ø13
A
Fig. 1.5 Rocker Arm

B
75
47 Ø10 A
Ø44

Ø8
Ø32
Ø22

10 R9
10 48 7
6 R4 VIEW E
R35
106

R3 Ø46
42
E
56
49

R3
9

40
A
70
58
86
B 104
122

Fig. 1.6 Machine Cap

5
 2.FASTENERS

a) BOLTED JOINTS

2.1 a) Draw a M18 bolt of length 75 with a hexagonal nut in two views. (Refer Table 2.1
IS:1363)

b) Draw a blind threaded hole of M20 in a plate of thickness 60 mm with a thread depth
as 36 mm.

c) Fig 2.1 shows a Clamp. Use M16 hexagonal bolt and nut to tighten the clamp. Draw
the plan and sectional elevation.

2.2 Fig 2.2 shows part of a Fixture. Use a M20 stud and lock nut. Draw the sectional
elevation and plan.

2.3 Fig 2.3 shows the details of the screw joint to be fixed by M16 screws. For the left side
use the cheese head screw and part of the head will go into the counterbore provided in
the plate. On the right side a taper countersunk hole is provided to accommodate
countersunk screw. Draw the plan and the sectional elevation.

b) KEYED JOINTS

A general arrangement of a shaft, flange and a key are shown in Fig. 2.4 (a).
Tapered key, Parallel key and Gib headed key are shown in Fig. 2.4. The proportional
dimensions of these keys are given in the tables 2.2, 2.3 and 2.4.

2.4 Draw the sectional elevation and end view of the keyed joint using a tapered key (taper
1:100) for the following dimensions.

Shaft diameter - 40, Hub OD - 60, Flange OD - 120, Flange thickness - 10 and Hub
Length – 50.

2.5 Draw the sectional elevation and end view of a keyed joint using Gib headed key with the
dimension given in the problem 2.4.

6
 c) RIVETED JOINTS

The nomenclature of the rivet is shown in Fig 2.5. Various important types of rivet
heads used in engineering are shown in Fig. 2.6. Proportions for different rivet heads are
given in the form of the nominal diameter (D) of the rivet. Fig 2.7 shows a lap joint, Fig
2.8 and Fig 2.9 shows single cover and double cover butt joints and Fig 2.10 and Fig 2.11
shows double riveted double covered butt joint (Chain) and double riveted double
covered butt joint (zig zag) respectively.

2.6 Draw the sectional elevation of a double riveted lap joint to join plates of thickness
12 mm. Use snap head for rivets. Indicate all the dimensions.

2.7 Draw a sectional elevation of a single riveted single strap butt joint to connect two
plates of thickness 9 mm each. The strap (cover plate) thickness is 1.125 times (Round
off to nearest standard value) of the main plate thickness. The diameter of the rivet is 6√ t
(where t is thickness of the main plate, round off to nearest standard value.) Draw the
plan assuming a chain riveting with pitch of 3 times the diameter of the rivet.

d) WELDED JOINTS

2.8 a) Two square plates of 70x70x10 thickness are welded by a lap joint. Show the joint by a
7 mm fillet weld.

b) A butt joint is made of 60x60x10 plates. The edge preparation is made to “Single U
Butt” shape. Show the weld by convention.

c) A Tee joint made with 50x50x8 thick plates. There are to be welded on both sides of
the “T” at site with a 6 mm fillet weld. Show the joint by convention.

d) Prototype of a bracket is to be fabricated by all welded construction.

Component drawings are shown in Fig 2.12. Prepare an assembly drawing indicating
the welding by appropriate symbols.

2.9 Components to be fabricated using welding are shown in Fig. 2.13, Draw the
orthographic projection indicating welding symbols.

7
 0.75D L
D
1.5 D

2D

D
°
30
2D

(a) Hexagonal headed bolt

0.75D L
D
W

D
2D

(b) Square headed bolt

Where D - Nominal diameter

L
0.15 D 0.15 D
D
2D + 4

2D + 4
1.5 D

D+1
2D

D
0.75 D 2D

(c) Bolt & Nut Joint (d) Washer

(e) Conventional representation of threads

Fig 2 (i) BOLT , NUT & WASHER CONVENTIONS

8
 (a) Bolted Joint
2D 2D
D

D
Plate
Nut end

0.67 D
Stud Plain
end Part

Main
casting
Where D - Nominal diameter

(b) Stud Joint (c) Lock Nut

0.6 D
0.6 D

2D 90° 0.2 D
0.2 D

0.4 D
0.2D

L
L

L
0.6 D

D D D
Hexagonal head Countersunk head Snap head
2.25 D
0.75 D
0.6 D

90°
1.5 D 0.2 D 1.5D
0.2 D
30°

D
0.2D

0.4 D
L

L
L
0.6 D

D D D

Pan head Round Countersunk head Allen head

(d) Shapes of Screw head
Fig 2 (ii) FIXING DEVICES

9
 t x b
r
D

D
d

d
z
n

r z t x b
R= 0.5D l k l

Slotted Round Head Machine Screw : IS 1366 Slotted Cheese Head Machine Screw : IS 1366

r1 z
D

t x b
s
k l

Hexagon Socket Head Cap Screw : IS 2269

t
90°

d
n

z
x b
c
h
l

Slotted Countersunk Head Machine Screw : IS 1365

B L C R
D

Split Cotter Pin : IS 549 Enlarged Section

10
 r

30° 30°
30° 30°

e
x
x b
k l s m f

Hex. Nut Lock Nut

Hexagonal bolt IS : 1363

45°
x

r
d

d
x b z z
x1 l l l

Stud IS : 1862 Chamfer End IS : 1368 Radioused end IS : 1368

m s m
d2
n

°
30

w d w

Slotted Nut IS : 2232 Castle Nut IS : 2232

s s d1
d
45°

b
d2
D

e
h

Punched Plain Punched Machined Spring Washer IS : 3063

Washer IS : 2016 Washer IS : 2016

11
 Table 2.1 STANDARD TABLES FOR BOLTS, NUTS, ETC.,

Hexagonal Bolts, Nuts and Lock Nuts: IS 1363

d M6 M8 M10 M12 M16 M18 M20 M24 M30 M36
b1 17 21 25 29 37 41 45 53 65 .....
b2 22 26 30 34 42 46 50 58 70 82
b3 ... ... ... 44 52 56 60 68 80 92
s 10 13 17 19 24 27 30 36 46 55
e 11.5 15 19.6 21.9 27.7 31.2 34.6 41.6 53.1 63.5
k 4 5.5 7 8 10 12 13 15 19 23
r 0.3 0.5 0.5 1 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.6 1.6 1.8
m 5 6.5 8 10 13 15 16 19 24 29
f 3 4 5 7 8 9 9 10 12 14
x 1 1.4 1.4 2 2.5 3 3 3.5 4 4.5

Bolts and Screw ends: IS 1368

z 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2 2.5 2.5 3 3.5 4
r1 for sizes up to 6 mm 0.6d to 0.8d: from 6 mm 1d to 1.2d

IS 1862 STUDS:
d M6 M8 M10 M12 M16 M18 M20 M24 M30 M36
b1 17 21 25 29 37 41 45 53 65 ...
b2 22 26 30 34 42 46 50 58 70 82
b3 ... ... ... 44 52 56 60 68 80 92
k1 6 8 10 12 16 18 20 24 30 36
x 1 1.4 1.4 2 2.5 3 3 3.5 4 4.5
x1≈d to d+2 for type A and 1.5d to 1.5d+4 for type B
b1 for lengths 0 to 80 b2 for lengths 80 to 200 b3 for lengths above 200

Hexagonal Socket head cap screw IS 2269

d M3 M4 M5 M6 M8 M10 M12 M14 M16 M18 M20 M22 M24
b₁ 11 13 15 17 21 25 29 33 37 41 45 49 53
b₂ .. .. 20 22 26 30 34 38 42 46 50 54 58
b₃ .. .. .. .. .. .. 44 48 52 56 60 64 68
D 5.5 7 9 10 13 16 18 22 24 27 30 33 36
s 2.5 3 4 5 7 8 10 12 14 14 17 17 19
K 3 4 5 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24
r1 max 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.6 0.6 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.8
r1min .. .. .. .. 0.5 0.5 1 1 1 1 1 1 1.5
t 1.5 2.5 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 14 15
For lengths up to and including 80mm – b1
For lengths above 80 mm and up to 200 mm – b2
For length above 200 mm – b3
z according to IS: 1368
x according to IS: 1369

12
Slotted round headed and cheese headed screws; IS 1366
d M1.6 M2 M2.5 M3 M4 M5 M6 M8 M10 M12 M16 M20
D 3.2 3.5 4.5 5 7 9 10 13 16 18 24 30
b₁ 8 9 10 11 13 15 17 21 25 29 37 45
b .. .. .. .. .. 20 22 26 30 34 42 50
n 0.6 0.6 1 1 1.4 1.4 1.8 1.8 2.8 2.8 3.2 4.3
t 0.5 0.6 0.8 0.9 1.2 1.5 1.8 2 2.5 3 3.5 4

Slotted Countersunk head machine screws: IS 1365

D 3.2 4 5 6 8 10 12 15 18 21 27 33
h 1 1.2 1.4 1.7 2.3 2.8 3.3 3.9 4.5 5 6 7
b1 8 9 10 11 13 15 17 21 25 29 37 45
b2 .. .. .. .. .. 20 22 26 30 34 42 50
c 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5
nmin 0.5 0.5 0.8 0.8 1.2 1.2 1.6 1.6 2.5 2.5 3 4
nmax 0.6 0.6 1 1 1.4 1.4 1.8 1.8 2.8 2.8 3.2 4.3
t 0.5 0.6 0.8 0.9 1.2 1.5 1.8 2 2.5 3 3.5 4
For lengths up to and including 80mm – b1
For lengths above 80 mm and up to 200 mm – b2
z according to IS: 1368
x according to IS: 1369

Slotted nuts and castle nuts: IS 2232

d2 7.5 - 17 22 25 28 34 42 50
w 7.5 9.5 12 15 19 21 22 27 33 38
m 5 6.5 8 10 13 15 16 19 24 26
n 2.25 2.7 3 3.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 5.8 7.3 5.4
s 10 13 17 19 24 27 30 36 46 55

13
Cotter pin sizes
1.6 2 2.5 3.2 4 4 4 5 6.3 6.3

Plain Washers: IS 2016

d 6.6 9 11 14 18 20 22 26 33 39
D 12 16 22 25 30 34 36 45 56 67
s 1.6 2 2.5 3 4 4 4 5 6
e 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 1 1 1 1 1.5

Split Cotter pin IS 549

size 1.6 2.5 3.2 4 6.3
A 1.2 2 2.7 3.5 5.6
B 4 5 6.3 8 13
C 2.5 2.5 4 4 4
D 3.2 5 6.3 8 13
R 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.4
L 20 32 40 56 112

Spring Washers IS 3063

d M2 M2.5 M3 M3.5 M4 M5 M6 M8 M10 M12 M16 M18 M20 M24 M30
d1 2.4 2.9 3.4 3.9 3.5 5.5 6.6 9 11 14 18 20 22 26 33
d2 4.2 4.9 6 6.5 7.5 9.1 11.6 15 18 22 28 30 34 40 49
b 0.1 1 1.3 1.3 1.5 1.8 2.5 3 3.5 4 55 5 6 7 8
s 0.5 0.6 0.8 0.8 0.9 1.8 1.6 2 2.2 2.5 3.5 3.5 4 5 6
h= 2s

14
 Ø50 Ø32 Ø24
R24
M20
21

8
48

70

32
46
Ø18

56
R30
Ø36

44

60
4

Ø66 R5
35
58 34

Fig 2.1 Clamp Fig 2.2 Fixture

Ø24 90°
Ø18
10

Ø18 D
1.1 D
20

2.5 D
10
68
28

15 D

0.1 D

M16 M16
D
50

4D
100
4x4

160

Fig 2.3 Screw Joint Eye Foundation Bolt

15
 Key
Key Way
T

Taper 1:100
T/2

(a) Key Joints

T
Shaft

h
L
T

L W

W
(d) Parallel Key
(to be screwed to the Hub)
(b) Taper sunk Key

h
T
W

L b

L
W
T

(c) Parallel Key (e) Feather Key

(to be screwed to the shaft) This Projections prevent
the axial movement in the Hub

W
d
T

L
T
T
H

(f) Gib Headed Key (g) Woodruff Key

Fig 2.4 KEYS AND KEYWAYS

16
 Table 2.2

Designation of taper key: The taper key is designated by specifying the width, thickness and
length. For example a taper key of 12mm width , 8mm thickness and 50 mm length is
designated as : TAPER KEY 12x8x50 (BIS : 2293-1963)

The usual proportions of the taper key are given below: d=diameter of the shaft
Type of key Width of key Thickness of key at thick end ‘t’
Rectangular taper key 0.25 d 0.66W=d/6
Square taper key 0.25 d 0.25 d
The key has a taper of 1 in 100 on the top side only.

Table 2.3

Designation of parallel key: The parallel key is designated by specifying the width, thickness
and length. For example a parallel key of 12mm width , 8mm thickness and 50 mm length is
designated as : PARALLEL KEY 12x8x50 (BIS : 2048-1963)

The usual proportions of the parallel key are given below: d=diameter of the shaft
Type of key Width of key Thickness of key at thick end ‘t’
Rectangular parallel key 0.25 d 0.66W=d/6
Square parallel key 0.25 d 0.25 d

Table 2.4

Designation of Gib-headed key: The Gib-headed key is designated by specifying the width,
thickness and length. For example a Gib-headed key of 12mm width, 8mm thickness and 50 mm
length is designated as : GIB-HEADED KEY 12x8x50 (BIS: 2048-1963)

The usual proportions of the Gib-headed key are given below: d=diameter of the shaft
Width of key W= 0.25d+2mm
Thickness of key at thick end T = 0.67W
Standard taper 1 in 100
Height of head H = 1.75T
Width of head B = 1.5T

17
 HEAD

THROUGH
D

SUM.A
PLATE
SHANK LENGTH
SHANK

1.5 To 1.7D
TAIL

0.95D
Where D - Nominal diameter

Fig. 2.5 RIVET

0.25 D
1.5D
1.6D 1.6D 1.6D
D

0.8D
0.7D

0.7D

60°
0.125D

D D D

(i) SNAP OR CUP (ii) PAN (iii) CONICAL

1.5D 1.6D
0.6D

1.5D R=1.5D 1.6D 0.575D

60°
D

60°
0.5

0.5

60°
0.125D

D D D

(iv) COUNTERSUNK (v) ROUNDED (vi) ELLIPSOID

COUNTERSUNK

Forms and Proportions of Rivet-Heads

Fig. 2.6 TYPES OF RIVET HEADS

18
 m 1.5d

t
t
10 °
d
1.5 d m

Section A-A

t = Thickness of the plate

d = Diameter of the rivet = 6√t
m = Margin = d
A A P = Pitch = 3d
Pb = Back pitch = 2d+6
L Pd = Diagonal pitch

Single-Riveted Lap Joint

Pb 1.5 d Pb 1.5 d
d d
t

t
t

t
1.5 d Section B-B 1.5 d Section C-C
P
P

0.5P

C
B B C
L Pd

Double-Riveted (Chain) Lap Joint Double-Riveted (Zig-Zag) Lap Joint

Fig. 2.7 TYPES OF LAP JOINTS
19
 1.5 d 1.5 d 1.5 d 1.5 d 1.5 d 1.5 d 1.5 d 1.5 d

t2
t t1

t
t2
d d
Section D-D Section E-E

P
P

D D

E E
L L

Fig 2.8 Single - Riveted (Single strap) Butt joint Fig 2.9 Single - Riveted (Double strap) Butt joint

1.5d 1.5d 1.5d 1.5d 1.5d 1.5d 1.5d 1.5d

t

t
t2

t2
t2

t2
d d
Section F-F Section G-G
P
0.5P 0.5P
p

G G
F F
Pr Pr Pr Pr

Fig 2.10 Double riveted double strap Fig 2.11 Double riveted double strap
chain butt Joint zig zag butt joint
Thickness of cover plate(Butt joint) Pr = Row Pitch
t1 = 1.125t (Single cover) = 0.6 P for Zig Zag Riveting
t2 = 0.625t (Double cover) = 0.8 P for Chain Riveting
20
 TABLE 2.5 WELDING SYMBOLS & CONVENTIONS
LOCATION OF ELEMENTS OF A WELDING SYMBOL

FINISH SYMBOL GROOVE ANGLE : INCLUDED

CONTOUR SYMBOL ANGLE OF COUNTERSINK
F
FOR PLUG WELDS
A
ROOT OPENING: DEPTH LENGTH OF WELD
OF FILLING FOR PLUG
AND SLOT WELDS PITCH (CENTER TO CENTER
SPACING) OF WELDS
SIZE: SIZE OR STRENGTH FOR
RESISTANCE WELDS
ARROW CONNECTING

(OTHER
(SIDES)
REFERENCE LINE REFERENCE LINE TO

SIDE)
ARROW SIDE OR

R
S L-P ARROW SIDE MEMBER
T OF JOINT

(ARROW
(BOTH)
SPECIFICATION,

SIDE)
PROCESS OR
FIELD WELD SYMBOL
OTHER REFERENCE
(N)
TAIL (OMIT WHEN WELD ALL-AROUND
REFERENCE IS SYMBOL
NOT USED)
NUMBER OF SPOT OR
BASIC WELD SYMBOL PROJECTION WELD
OR DETAILS REFERENCE

BASIC WELDING SYMBOL

No. FORM OF WELD ILLUSTRATION SYMBOL No. FORM OF WELD ILLUSTRATION SYMBOL

(i) FILLET (viii) SINGLE-BEVEL BUTT

SINGLE-BEVEL BUTT
(ii) SQUARE BUTT (xi) WELD WITH BROAD
ROOT FACE

(iii) SINGLE-V BUTT (x) DOUBLE-BEVEL BUTT

DOUBLE-BEVEL BUTT
(iv) DOUBLE-V BUTT (xi) WELD WITH BROAD
ROOT FACE

(v) SINGLE-U BUTT (xii) SPOT

(vi) DOUBLE-U BUTT (xiii) SEAM

(vii) SINGLE-J BUTT (xiv) EDGE

TYPE OF WELDED JOINTS AND THE CORRESPONDING STANDARD SYMBOLS

21
Ø30 Ø20
40 4 40 4

35
65
70 Component Qty
10 Sl. No
3 1 Bracket 1
3 2 Bush 1
R10 R20

30
3 Rib 2
4 Bush 2
1 2

160
Ø20 Ø30

80

Fig. 2.12

80 Ø100
1 Ø70
Sl. No Component Qty
1 Housing 1
2 Rib 1
2 3 Rib 2
4 Base Plate 1

3
180

4
25

25 25
120 200
95

R25 2 x Ø25 HOLES

150

Fig. 2.13

22
 3. ASSEMBLY DRAWINGS

3.1 The details of parts of a Screw Jack are shown in Fig. 3.1. A threaded spindle (2) with
square threads is inserted to the body (1). At the end of the screw, a tommy bar (6) is
inserted in order to rotate the spindle. The portion of the tommy bar that has to be held
in hand is knurled for better gripping. A cap (3) is loosely fitted on the cylindrical
projection at the top of the spindle and can rotate freely. A set screw (4) and a washer (5)
are used for fitting the cap. Assemble the given parts in proper sequence and create the
following views:

(a) Half sectional front view (b) Top view (c) Full sectional side view and (d) Isometric
view
Show the major dimensions, itemize the parts and prepare the BOM.

3.2 Fig. 3.2 shows the part detail of a C-clamp. Draw the following assembled views with
necessary dimensions to suitable scale:
(a) Elevation in section (b) Right view and (c) Isometric view
Itemize the parts in the drawing views. Prepare the BOM.
The assembly consists of a c-shaped frame (1) and a screw rod (2) with handle (4). The
pad (3) fitted to the end of the screw rod presses the workpiece against the fixed jaw on
the c-frame, as the screw tightened. Note that the cap screw (7) inside the movable pad is
tightly screwed to the end of the screw rod using the diameter step, but keeping the jaw
free to rotate about it. This arrangement permits the jaw to be stationary on the workpiece
while the screw rod is rotated during clamping. Collar (5) and pin (6) are fitted to end of
the handle to prevent it falling out of screw rod during use.

3.3 Fig 3.3 details different parts of a Machine vice. Draw the following assembled views
with necessary dimensions to suitable scale:
(a) Sectional elevation (b) Plan (c) End view and (d) Isometric view
Show the major dimensions and itemize the parts in the drawing views. Prepare the
BOM.
The fixed jaw is an integral part of the base (1). Sliding jaw holder (3) is inserted from
the bottom of the base and sliding jaw (2) is mounted to it from top and fastened using
nut (5). The clamp screw (4) is inserted through the hole from right side of the base, also
passes through the threaded hole in the sliding jaw holder. The other end of the clamp
screw is fastened with washer and nuts after it passes through the hole below the fixed
jaw end.

23
3.4 From the details given in Fig 3.4, assemble the parts and draw the following views of the
Non-return valve:
(a) Sectional elevation taking the section at YY (b) Sectional plan taking the section at
XX (c) Isometric view
Show the major dimensions and itemize the parts in the drawing views. Prepare the
BOM.
Fluid flow enters the valve at A (inlet) and leaves the valve at B (outlet). The gland bush
(3) and the gland (4) are first assembled and screwed onto the spindle (2) and then
assembled into the valve body (1) at C. By operating the spindle, the fluid outlet B is
either closed or kept open. The valve (5) is positioned in the body through the passage D
and it is kept floating. The valve stop (6) is screwed into the body at D and is used to
control the amount of lift of the valve. The fluid inlet connection to the valve is made at
A. When the spindle is operated and the outlet is open; due to the pressure of the inlet
fluid, valve is lifted and passage is established from A through B. When the pressure of
the incoming fluid is reduced, the valve automatically shuts-off the inlet passage,
ensuring non-return of the fluid in the opposite direction.

24
 2

3
Ø65
Ø90

45°
Ø74 Ø45

6
Ø50 Ø22
M12 x 1.25

25
10

10 10
M12x1.25

25
10

45
Ø12
40

50
Ø22 2x45°

KNURLED
Ø68
18

6
M40x6 SQ. THREAD

45°

10
Ø12
Ø50 Ø35

5
125

M40X6 SQ. THREAD

12 Ø68
Ø10

165
30
Ø40
R8

12
20

Ø23
Ø35
Ø81
3

Ø100
Ø144
3
1
2
Ø12

65 275
R16

Ø20
3 x 45°
6 KNURLED

PARTS LIST
PART NO. PART NAME MATERIAL QTY.
1 BODY C.I 1
2 SPINDLE M.S 1
3 CAP C.I 1
4 SCREW M.S 1
5 WASHER M.S 1
6 TOMMY BAR M.S 1

Fig 3.1 Screw Jack

25
 Ø32 R34

5
M24 SQ. THREAD

32
45

Ø12

10
M24 SQ. THREAD

8 46 8 75

190
8

125
245

45

45
X 45
12

8
R25 Ø20
R12
M6,DEEP5
35

R25
2
20

50
X 1
Ø40 Section X-X
Ø20
45 210
°
6 10
8
28

19

Ø12
10

Ø45
4
Ø20
Ø 3 HOLE FOR TAPER PIN
3 Ø7, C'BORE Ø14
12
==
20

Ø12

Ø3 PARTS LIST
Ø3
Ø20

PART NO. PART NAME MATERIAL QTY.

5
6 1 C-FRAME C.I 1
2 SCREW ROD M.S 1
3 PAD M.S 1
Ø12
4 HANDLE M.S 1
5

5 COLLAR M.S 1
22

M6 6 PIN M.S 1
7 CAP SCREW M.S 1
7
Fig 3.2 C-clamp

26
 50
125 18
45 10
M15 SCREW
Ø36

3
30

15
42

5
A

3
Ø40

Ø40
40

3 42
53

50

42
30
20
45 15 Ø25

27
55 A 5
5 145 180 5 85

12
80
195 Ø125
10 25 50
Section A-A 36
18
M18 SCREW 30 16

Ø25

175

Ø20

175
45
27

55
40

M20
3 Ø15
27

66 M15, 2 No.s
8

Ø240
2
55

Ø 15 , 2 HOLES
1
35 285 75
25 PARTS LIST
Ø35

PART NO. PART NAME MATERIAL QTY

1 BASE C.I 1
4
Ø15
Ø20

NUTS THICK 10 mm 2 SLIDING JAW STEEL 1

WASHER THICK 7 mm 3 SLIDING JAW HOLDER STEEL 1
M18
4 CLAMP SCREW STEEL 1
15

5 NUT STEEL 1
Ø36

5
Fig. 3.3 Machine Vice
 64
R17 Ø62 Ø62
60 A/C Hex
M42x3x6H
Ø50 M30 x 2-6H

13
X X

19
21
D

28

19
98

16 6

3
64

52
25
23
32
Ø32

44
Ø19 3

1.5 x 45°
Ø38
M24x2-6H
M42 x 3-6g

44
25 3
Ø14 x 4 HOLES

1 A Ø32

Ø25
M33x2-6H

3 x 45°
Ø50

32

3
Section Y-Y
58 M24 x 3-6 g
Ø44

130
Ø25

2
13

B
25

Ø50 Ø62
70

20
3x45°

13
2x45°
Ø19
42

44 A/C Hex
44

Y Y
C
19

M42x3-6H
32
19

Section X-X
60° 3

Ø19
Ø58 Ø13
44 A/C Hex 3 SLOT R6
M30 x 2-6H 4
PARTS LIST
6
16

PART NO. PART NAME MATERIAL QTY

44
50

28
3

1 VALVE BODY C.I 1

R6
28
6 3

2 SPINDLE BRASS 1

Ø13 5 Ø25 3 GLAND BUSH BRASS 1

4 GLAND BRASS 1
M42 x 3-6 H
5

5 VALVE BRASS 1
6 6 VALVE STOP BRASS 1
Ø35

Fig. 3.4 Non-return valve

28
 4. PRODUCTION DRAWINGS

4.1 Prepare the production drawings of the components of the Journal Bearing shown in
Fig. 4.1 Indicate the suitable fits and dimensional, geometric tolerances (GD&T)
wherever necessary for the following parts. Also show the machining and surface finish
symbols at required locations.
a) Body
b) Cap
c) Lower brass
4.2 Prepare the working drawings of the components of the Spring-Loaded Safety Valve
shown in Fig. 4.2 Include all the relevant details necessary for manufacturing the
components (GD&T, Surface finish, Suitable fits etc.)
a) Valve Body
b) Valve

29
 24
122
13
3 26

13 16

19
Ø6

70
13

51
7
R2
22

35 3 21 35

5
202

1 Ø13
R16

44
160
16 Ø51
M6
3
13

Ø54
R27
2

10
57
13

Ø3
19

2 4
3

60 R14 Ø38
Ø67 Ø6
66 32 66
44

8
M12

Ø13 90
122 6 7
11 57
PARTS LIST
22

PART NO. PART NAME MATERIAL QTY

1 BODY C.I 1
2 CAP C.I 1
3 UPPER BRASS G.M 1
4 LOWER BRASS G.M 1
M12
Ø12

25 5 TEE HEAD BOLT M.S 2

6 HEX NUT M.S 2
5 7 LOCK NUT M.S 2

Fig. 4.1 Journal bearing

30
 Ø13,5 M56X5.5
16

22
16

13
SLOTTED HOLES
Ø20 ENDS

76
12CRS
M56 x 5.5

88
75 A/C HEX Ø50

35

28
16

6
Ø10
3
Ø38
Ø45.00 M12 Ø45.25
Ø 44.84 Ø45.00
90°

7 1
12

Ø75
3

Ø25
5
R20

Ø20 Ø14
M12
12 PITCH

Ø32
115 CRS
20

45
50

14

6
Ø38 4 PARTS LIST
PART NO. PART NAME MATERIAL QTY
45°
1 VALVE BODY C.I 1
100 2 VALVE M.S 1
3 BODY NUT BRASS 1
Ø38
Ø12

4 SPRING SPRING STEEL 1

5 VALVE SEAT BRASS 1
12
115 6 STUD M.S 2
7 NUT M.S 2
2

Fig. 4.2 Spring Loaded Safety Valve

31
 5. CONVENTIONAL REPRESENTATION

Conventional representation of various mechanical symbols are shown in the

tables 5.1 – 5.6.

5.1 Draw the conventional representations for the following machine elements.

a) Conical Helical Spring with Rectangular Section

b) Helical Torsion Spring
c) Rack and Pinion
d) Worm and Worm wheel
e) Ball Bearing
f) Leaf spring without eyes and with center band
g) Square end of a Shaft
h) Splined Shaft
i) Ratchet and Pinion
j) Straight Knurling.

5.2 Draw the conventional representation of Steel, Wood, Concrete, Asbetos, Marble and
Glass.

32
 Table 5.1 CONVENTIONAL REPRESENTATION OF COMMON FEATURES

ACTUAL
TITLE PROJECTION / SECTION CONVENTION

EXTERNAL
THREADS

INTERNAL
THREADS

To be
Drawn at 45°

SLOTTED HEAD

SQUARE END AND

FLAT

RADIAL RIBS

SERRATED SHAFT

SPLINED SHAFT

CHAIN WHEEL

33
Table 5.2 CONVENTIONAL REPRESENTATION OF COMMON FEATURES - Contd

ACTUAL
TITLE PROJECTION / SECTION CONVENTION

RATCHET AND
PINION

BEARINGS

STRAIGHT
KNURLING

DIAMOND
KNURLING

HOLES ON A
LINEAR PITCH

HOLES ON A
CIRCULAR
PITCH

REPEATED
PARTS

34
 Table 5.3 CONVENTIONAL REPRESENTATION OF SPRINGS

ACTUAL PROJECTION
DESCRIPTION CONVENTION
VIEW SECTION

Ø
COMPRESSION
SPRING WITH
CIRCULAR
SECTION

COMPRESSION □
SPRING WITH
SQUARE
HELICAL SPRINGS

SECTION

TENSION SPRING

HELICAL
TORSION SPRING
CONICAL HELICAL SPRINGS

WITH CIRCULAR
SECTION

WITH
RECTANGULAR
SECTION

35
 Table 5.4 CONVENTIONAL REPRESENTATION OF SPRINGS - Contd.
ACTUAL PROJECTION
DESCRIPTION CONVENTION
VIEW SECTION

SPRING
DISC SPRINGS

SPRING
ASSEMBLY

SPIRAL
SPRING,
UNWOUND
SPIRAL SPRINGS

SPIRAL SPRING,
WITH WOUND
BARREL

WITHOUT EYES
LEAF SPRINGS

WITH EYES

WITHOUT
EYES, WITH
CENTRE BAND

WITH EYES
AND CENTRE
BAND

36
 Table 5.5 CONVENTIONAL REPRESENTATION OF GEAR ASSEMBLIES

TITLE CONVENTIONAL REPRESENTATION

SPUR/HELICAL
GEARS

SCREW GEARS

RACK AND PINION

BEVEL GEARS
(ASSEMBLY)

WORM AND
WORM WHEEL

37
 Table 5.6 CONVENTIONAL REPRESENTATION OF MATERIALS

TYPE CONVENTION MATERIAL

STEEL, CAST IRON, COPPER

AND ITS ALLOYS, ALUMINIUM
AND ITS ALLOYS,ETC

METALS

LEAD, ZINC, TIN,

WHITE-METAL, ETC

GLASS GLASS

PROCELAIN, STONEWARE,
MARBLE, SLATE,ETC

PACKING &
INSULTING
MATERIALS
ASBESTOS, FIBRE, FELT,
SYNTHETIC RESIN PRODUCTS,
PAPER, CORK,
LINOLEUMRUBBER, LEATHER,
WAX, INSULATING AND
FILLING MATERIALS

LIQUIDS WATER, OIL, PETROL,

KEROSINE, ETC

WOOD WOOD, PLYWOOD, ETC

CONCRETE BLOCK, CONCRETE

CONCRETE WALL, CONCRETE PILLAR
AND BEAMS ETC

38