1 mark test Date : 28-Aug-19

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Maths Reg.No. :
Exam Time : 00:50:00 Hrs Total Marks : 50
50 x 1 = 50
1) If |adj(adj A)| = |A|9, then the order of the square matrix A is
(a) 3 (b) 4 (c) 2 (d) 5
20 14
2) If A = [ ] and B = [ ] then |adj (AB)| =
1 5 20
(a) -40 (b) -80 (c) -60 (d) -20
3) If A, B and C are invertible matrices of some order, then which one of the following is not true?
(a) adj A = |A|A-1 (b) adj(AB) = (adj A)(adj B) (c) det A-1 = (det A)-1 (d) (ABC)-1 = C-1B-1A-1
sin θ k 0
4) If A = [ cos θ ] and A(adj A) = [ ] then adj (AB) is
− sin θ cos θ 0k
(a) 0 (b)∣ sin
mθ b ∣ cos θ
(c) (d) 1
5) If xayb = em, xcyd = en, Δ = b∣ ∣ m∣ ∣ , then the values of x and y are respectively,
a ,Δ = a , Δ =
1 ∣ ∣ 2 ∣ ∣ 3 ∣ ∣
∣ n d∣ ∣ c n∣ ∣ c d∣
(a) e(Δ2/Δ1), e(Δ3/Δ1) (b) log (Δ1/Δ3), log (Δ2/Δ3) (c) log (Δ2/Δ1), log(Δ3/Δ1) (d) e(Δ1/Δ3),e(Δ2/Δ3)
6) Which of the following is/are correct?
(i) Adjoint of a symmetric matrix is also a symmetric matrix.
(ii) Adjoint of a diagonal matrix is also a diagonal matrix.
(iii) If A is a square matrix of order n and λ is a scalar, then adj(λA) = λn adj(A).
(iv) A(adjA) = (adjA)A = |A| I
(a) Only (i) (b) (ii) and (iii) (c) (iii) and (iv) (d) (i), (ii) and (iv)
7) If ρ(A) = ρ([A | B]), then the system AX = B of linear equations is
(a) consistent and has a unique solution (b) consistent (c) consistent and has infinitely many solution (d) inconsistent
8) If 0 ≤ θ ≤ π and the system of equations x + (sinθ)y - (cosθ)z = 0, (cosθ)x - y +z = 0, (sinθ)x + y - z = 0 has a non-trivial
solution then θ is
2π 3π 5π π
(a) 3
(b) 4
(c) 6
(d) 4
9) If the system of equations x = cy + bz, y = az + cx and z = bx + ay has a non - trivial solution then
(a) a2 + b2 + c2 = 1 (b) abc ≠ 1 (c) a + b + c =0 (d) a2 + b2 + c2 + 2abc =1
10) The number of solutions of the system of equations 2x+y = 4, x - 2y = 2, 3x + 5y = 6 is
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) infinitely many
11) Every homogeneous system
(a) Is always consistent (b) Has only trivial solution (c) Has infinitely many solution (d) Need not be consistent
12) The value of ∑i=1 (i + i 13 n n−1
) is
(a) 1+ i (b) i (c) 1 (d) 0
13) The area of the triangle formed by the complex numbers z,iz, and z+iz in the Argand’s diagram is
(a) 1 |z|2 (b) |z|2 3
|z|2 (
2 2 d
(c) )

2
|
z
|
2

14) The solution of the equation |z|-z=1+2i is

(a) 3 (b) 3 (c) 3 3
− 2i − + 2i 2 2− i 2+i
2 2 2
(d)
15) z1, z2 and z3 are complex number such that z1+z2+z3=0 and |z1|=|z2|=|z3|=1 then z12+z22+z33 is
(a) 3 (b) 2 (c) 1 (d) 0
 (a) (1,0) (b) (−1,1) (c) (0,1) (d) (1,1)
17) www.Padasalai.N∣ e1t 1 1∣ www.TrbTnpsc.com
If ω ≠ 1 is a cubic root of unity and
∣ ∣
1 −ω2 ω2 =3k, then k is equal
∣ ∣
∣ 1 ω2 to
ω2 ∣
(a) 1 (b) -1 (c) √3i (d) −√3i
18) If, i2 = -1, then i1 + i2 + i3 + ....+ up to 1000 terms is equal to
(a) 1 (b) -1 (c) i (d) 0
19) The amplitude of 1
i
is equal to
(a) 0 (b) π 2 (c) -2π (d) π
20) If ω is the cube root of unity, then the value of (1-ω) (1-ω2) (1-ω4) (1-ω8) is
(a) 9 (b) -9 (c) 16 (d) 32
21) A polynomial equation in x of degree n always has
(a) n distinct roots (b) n real roots (c) n imaginary roots (d) at most one root
3 2
22) The polynomial x -kx +9x has three real zeros if and only if, k satisfies
(a) |k|≤6 (b) k=0 (c) |k| > 6 (d) |k|≥6
23) The number of real numbers in [0,2π] satisfying sin x-2sin x+1 is 4 2

(a) 2 (b) 4 (c) 1 (d) ∞

3 2
24) If x +12x +10ax+1999 definitely has a positive zero, if and only if
(a) a≥0 (b) a > 0 (c) a< 0 (d) a≤0
n
25) The number of positive zeros of the polynomial Σ nC (-1)rxr is
r
j=0
(a) 0 (b) n (c) < n (d) r
26) The quadratic equation whose roots are ∝ and β is
(a) (x - ∝)(x -β) =0 (b) (x - ∝)(x + β) =0 (c) ∝+β= ab (d) ∝.β= −ca
27) Let a > 0, b > 0, c > 0. h n both th root of th quatlon ax +b+C= 0 are 2

(a) real and negative (b) real and positive (c) rational numb rs (d) none
28) If ∝, β,૪ are the roots of 9x3-7x+6=0, then ∝ β ૪ is
−7 7 −2
(a) 9
(b) 9
(c) 0 (d) 3
29) If sin-1 x+sin-1 y= 2π ; then cos-1x+cos-1 y is equal to
3
2π π π
(a) 3
(b) 3
(c) 6
(d) π
30) sin−1(cos x)= π − x is valid for
2
π
(a) −π ≤ x ≤ 0 (b) 0π ≤ x ≤ 0 (c) − ≤ x ≤π (d) − π
≤ x ≤ 3π
2 2 4 4
31) If sin-1 x+sin-1 y+sin-1 z= 3π , the value of x2017+y2018+z2019− 9
is
2 x101 +y101 +z101
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 3
-1 2
32) If the function f(x)sin (x -3), then x belongs to
(a) [-1,1] (b) [√2 ,2] (c) [−2, −√2] ∪ [√2, 2] (d) [−2, −√2] ∩ [√2, 2]
33) If sin-1 x + cosec−1 5 = π , then the value of x is
5 4 2
(a) 4 (b) 5 (c) 2 (d) 3
-1
34) sin(tan x), |x|< 1 ia equal to
x 1 1 x
(a) (b) (c) (d)
√1−x2 √1−x2 √1+x2 √1+x2

35) If tan-1(3)+tan-1(x)=tan-1(8)then x=
(a) 5 (b) 1 (c) 5 (d) 14
5 14 5
36)
 the distance between the foci is
(a) 4 www.Pada(bs)ala4i.Net (c) 2 www.TrbTn(pd)sc3.com
3 √3 √3 2

37) The length of the diameter of the circle which touches the x -axis at the point (1,0) and passes
through the point (2,3) .
6 5 10 3
(a) 5
(b) 3
(c) 5
(d) 5
38) If P(x, y) be any point on 16x2+25y2=400 with foci F1 (3,0) and F2 (-3,0) then PF1 PF2 +
is
(a) 8 (b) 6 (c) 10 (d) 12
39) If the normals of the parabola y2 = 4x drawn at the end points of its latus rectum are tangents
to the circle (x−3)2+(y+2)2=r2 , then the value of r2 is
(a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 1 (d) 4
2
40) The eccentricity of the ellipse (x−3) +(y−4) =
2 2 y is
9
√3 1 1 1
(a) (b) (d)
2 3√2 √
(c)
3 3

41) If the two tangents drawn from a point P to the parabolay2 = 4xare at right angles then the
locus of P is
(a) 2x+1=0 (b) x = −1 (c) 2x−1=0 (d) x =1
42) If a parabolic reflector is 20 em in diameter and 5 em deep, then its focus is
(a) (0,5) (b) (5,0) (c) (10,0) (d) (0, 10)
43) The locus of the point of intersection of perpendicular tangents of the parabola y = 4ax is 2

(a) latus rectum (b) directrix (c) tangent at the vertex (d) axis of the parabola
44) If a⃗ and b⃗ are parallel vectors, then [a⃗, is equal to
c,⃗ b]
(a) 2 (b) -1 (c) 1 (d) 0
45) a⃗. b⃗ = b.⃗ c ⃗ = c.⃗ a⃗ = 0 , then the value of [a⃗, b,⃗ c] is
(a) ∣∣ a⃗⃗ a⃗∣
1
∣ (b) ∣ ∣ ⃗⃗
b ⃗ ∣ c∣
(c) 1 (d) -1
b ∣ c∣
∣ ∣ 3 ∣ ∣
46) If a⃗, b,⃗ c ⃗ are three unit vectors such that a⃗ is perpendicular to b ⃗ and is parallel to c ⃗ then is equal to
a⃗ × (b ⃗ × c)
(a) a (b) b (c) c (d) 0⃗
47) If a⃗, b,⃗ c ⃗ are non-coplanar, non-zero vectors such that = 3, then {[a⃗ × b,⃗ b ⃗ × c,⃗ c ⃗ is equal to
[a⃗, b,⃗ c] × a⃗]}2
(a) 81 (b) 9 (c) 27 (d) 18
48) If a⃗ × (b ⃗ = (a⃗ × b) × c⃗ where a⃗, b,⃗ c⃗ are any three vectors such that a⃗, b⃗ ≠ 0 and a⃗. b⃗ ≠ 0 then a⃗ and c⃗ are
× c)
π
(a) perpendicular (b) parallel (c) inclined at an angle 3
(d) inclined at an angle π 6
49) If the length of the perpendicular from the origin to the plane 2x + 3y + λz =1, λ > 0 is 1 then the value of λ is
5
(a) 2√3 3√2 (
c
(b)
)

(
d
)

1
→
50) The p.v, OP of a point P make angles 60o and 45o with X and Y axis respectively. The angle of inclination of OP with z-axis is
(a) 75o (b) 60o (c) 45o (d) 3

*****************************************
50 x 1 = 50
1) (b) 4
2) (b) -80
3) (b) adj(AB) = (adj A)(adj B)
4) (d) 1
5) (d) e(Δ1/Δ3),e(Δ2/Δ3)
7) (b) consistent
8) (d)
π www.Padasalai.Net www.TrbTnpsc.com
4
9) (d) a2 + b2 + c2 + 2abc =1
10) (a) 0
11) (a) Is always consistent
12) (a) 1+ i
13) (a) 1
|z|2
2
14) (a) 3 − 2i
2
15) (d) 0
16) (d) (1,1)
17) (d) −√3i
18) (d) 0
π
19) (c) - 2
20) (a) 9
21) (a) n distinct roots
22) (d) |k|≥6
23) (a) 2
24) (c) a<0
25) (b) n
26) (a) (x - ∝)(x -β) =0
27) (b) real and positive
28) (d) −2 3
π
29) (b) 3
30) (b) 0π ≤ x ≤ 0
31) (a) 0
32) (c) [−2, −√2] ∪ [√2, 2]
33) (d) 3
x
34) (d)
√1+x2

35) (b) 1
5
2
36) (c)
√3
10
37) (c) 5
38) (c) 10
39) (a) 2
1
40) (b) 3
41) (b) x = −1
42) (b) (5,0)
43) (b) directrix
44) (d) 0
45) (a) |a⃗| ∣∣ b⃗⃗ |c|⃗
46) (b) b⃗ ∣
48) (b) parallel
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49) (a) 2√3
50) (b) 60o
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Quarterly important 2 marks with answers
12th Standard

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Total Marks : 100

49 x 2 = 98
b
1)
[
If A =
a d
] is non-singular, find A−1.

c
We first find adj A.By definition, we get adj A =
[ +M11
−M21
−M12
+M22
] = [−
T
d
b
−c
a
] = [−
T
d
c
−c
a
] .

Since A is non-singular, |A| = ad - bc ≠ 0.

As
A−1 = 1
adj A, we get A-1 = 1
|A|
[ d
ad−bc −c
−b
a
] .

2)
If A is a non-singular matrix of odd order, prove that |adj A| is positive
Let A be a non-singular matrix of order 2m+1, where m=0,1,2,... Then, we get |A| ≠ 0 and, by property (ii), we have |adj A|
= |A|(2m+1) − 1 = |A|2m.
Since |A|2m is always positive, we get that |adj A| is positive.
3)
If A is symmetric, prove that then adj Ais also symmetric. Suppose A is
symmetric. Then, AT = A and so, by property (vi), we get adj(AT) = (adj A)T ⇒
adj A = (adj A)T ⇒ adj A is symmetric.
4)
Find the inverse (if it exists) of the following:

[ −21 4
−3
]
[ −21 4
−3
]
Let A= −2
[
1 −3
4
]
|A|=∣ −2 4 ∣ =6-4=2≠0
∣ ∣
∣ 1 −3 ∣
Since A is non singular, A-1 exists A-
1= 1
|A|
Now, adj A=
[−3−1 −4
−2
]
[Inter change the entries in leading diagonal and change the sign of elements in the off diagonal]
∴ A-1= 1
[ −3 −4
] .
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2 −1 −2
5) ⎡
www.Padasalai.Net
3 −1 2 ⎤ www.TrbTnpsc.com

Reduce the matrix ⎢ −6 2 4 ⎥⎦ to a row-echelon form.

⎡⎢ ⎣ −3 1 2

⎡⎢ ⎤⎥
⎥⎤ ⎡⎢
3 −1 4 8 R3 ⟶R3 − 2 R 3 −1 28
⎥
RR 2 +2
RR R11,
3 +R 1 2
2⟶3⟶
−1
⎣
2 ⟶ 3 2 ⟶
− 2 0 0
6
−3 1
⎤⎦
2
⎣ 0
0 0
⎦
4
0
⎣ 0 0
⎦
0
Note

⎡⎢ 3 −1
28 ⎤ ⎡⎢ 3 −1
⎤⎥
21
⎥
R2 ⟶R /8
2 . This is also a row-echelon form of the given matrix.
0 ⟶ 0

0
⎣ 0 0 0
⎦ ⎣ 0 0
So, a row-echelon form of a matrix is not necessarily unique.
0
6) Find the rank of the following matrices by minor method:
0
⎦
−4
[ −12 2
]
[ −12 −4
2
]
Let A=
[ 2 −4
−1 2
]
A is a matrix of order 2 x 2
∴ ρ(A) ≤ min(2,2)=2
The highest order of minor of A is 2
it is ∣ 2 −1 ∣ =4-4=0
∣ ∣
∣ −1 2 ∣
So, ρ(A)< 2
Next consider the minor of order 1 |2|=2≠0
∴ ρ(A)=1
7) Find the rank of the following matrices by minor method:

[ 13 −2−6 −1−3 01 ]
[13−2−6−1−301 ]
Let A=
[1 −23−6−1−30 1 ]
A is a matrix of order ()2 x 4)
∴ ρ(A) ≤ min(2,4)=2
The highest order of minor of A is 2
It is ∣ 1 −2 ∣ =-6+6=0
∣ ∣
∣ 3 −6 ∣
Also, ∣ −1 0 ∣ =-1+0=-1≠0
∣ ∣
∣ −3 1 ∣
∴ ρ(A)=2
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8) Find the rank of the following matrices which are in row-echelon form :

⎡ ⎤ 6 0 −9

⎢ ⎥
0 2 0
0 0 0

⎣ ⎡ ⎦ ⎤
0 0 0
Let A = 6 0 −9 . Then A is a matrix of order 4 × 3 and ρ(A) ≤ 3.

⎢⎣ ⎥⎦
0 2 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
The last two rows are zero rows. There are several second order minors. We find that there is a second order minor, for
example, ∣ 6 0 ∣ = (6)(2) = 12 ≠ 0. So. ρ(A) = 2.
∣ ∣
∣ 0 2∣
Note that there are two non-zero rows. The third and fourth rows are zero rows.
9) Solve 6x - 7y = 16, 9x - 5y = 35 using (Cramer's rule).
Δ=∣ 6 −7 ∣ =-30 +63=33
∣ ∣
∣ 9 −5 ∣
Δ = ∣ 16 −7 ∣ =-80+245 =165
1 ∣ ∣
∣ 35 −5 ∣
Δ = ∣ 6 16∣ =210 - 144 =66
2 ∣ ∣
∣ 9 35 ∣
∴ x = △ 1 = 165 =5
△ 33
y= △ 2 66 =2
△
= 33
∴ Solution set is { 5, 2}
10) Simplify the following
i1947+i1950
i1947+i1950 i1947+i1950=i1944.i3+i1948.i2
[∴ 1944 is a multiple of 4 of 1948 is also a multiple of 4]
=(i4)486.i2.i1+(i4)487.i2 [i4=1]
=(1486)(-1)(i)+(1)487(-1) [i2=-1]
=-i-1
=-1-i
11) 3 + 4i
Write in the x+iy form, hence find its real and imaginary parts.
5 − 12i
To find the real and imaginary parts of 3+ 4i first it should be expressed in the rectangular formx+iy .To simplify the
5 − 12i
quotient of two complex numbers, multiply the numerator and denominator by the conjugate of the denominator to
eliminate i in the denominator 3+ 4i (3 − 4i)(5 + 12i)
=
5 − 12i (5 − 12i)(5 + 12i)
= (15 − 48) + (20 + 36)
52 + 122
= −33 + 56i 33 56
= +i
169 169 169
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Therefore, 3+ 4i 33 56 This is in the x+iy form.
= +i
5 − 12i 169 169
Hence real part is 33 and imaginary part is 56
−
169 169
−1,
12) Find z if z=(2+3i)(1− i).
We find that z = (2+3i)(1−i)=(2+3)+(3−2)i=5+i
1 1
⇒z−1 = =
z 5+i
Multiplying the numerator and denominator by the conjugate of the denominator, we get
(5 − 1) 5−i 5 1
z−1 = = = − i 26
(5 + i)(5 − i) 52 + I 2 26
5 1
⇒z−1 = −i
26 26
13) Find the square root of 6−8i .
We compute
|6 − 8i| = √6 + (−8)
2 2
= 10
and applying the formula for square root, we get

√6 − 8i = ± (√ 10 + 6
2
−i √ ) 10 − 6
2
= ± (√8 + i√2)
= ±(2√2 − i√2)
14) Show that the following equations represent a circle, and, find its centre and radius|
| z − 2 − i| = 3
| z − 2 − i| = 3
⇒ |z-(2+i)|=3
It is of the form |z-z0| =r and so it represents a circle.
15) Write in polar form of the following complex numbers
2 + i2√3
2+i2√3
Let 2+i2√3 =x+iy=r (cosθ+i sinθ) r
=modulus =√x2 + y 2

√2 + (2√3)
= 2 2

=√4 + 12 = √16 =4
α=tan-1∣ y ∣ = tan−1 ∣ 2√3 ∣
∣ x ∣ ∣ 2 ∣
=tan−1(√3) = π
3
Since the complex number 2+i2 √3 lies in the I quadrant, [x,y both +ve] its principal value
π
θ=α=
3
∴ Its polar form is 2+i2√3
=4[cos (2kπ + π ) + isin (2kπ + π )] , k ∈ Z .
3 3
2kπ
16) Find the value of ∑
8
k=1
cos
2 kπ
9
+ isin
9
( . )
cis 2π + cis 4π + cis 6π + cis 8π + cis ( 10π ) + cis 12π + cis 14π + cis 16π
9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9
=cis ( 2π 4π 6π
9 + 9 + 9+
8π 10π
9+ +
9
12π
+9 14π
+ 916π ) 9
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=[ ∵ 1 + 2 + 3+. . . . +n =
n(n+1)
] 2
=cis8π=[cos(8π)+i sin8π]
=-1+i(0) [∴ cos8π=-1 and sin 8π=0=-1
17) Find the modulus and principal argument of the following complex numbers.
√3 + i.
√3 + i

Modulus = √ 2
x + y2 √
= (√3)2 + 12 = √3 + 1 = 2
∣ y∣ 1 π
α = tan−1 ∣ ∣ = tan−1 =
∣ x∣ √3 6
Since the complex number √3+i lies in the first quadrant, has the principal value
π
θ =α =
6
Therefore, the modulus and principal argument of are 2 and π respectively.
√3+i
6
18) Simplify the following
1
i59 +
i59
1
i59 +
i59
i4 x 14 + 3 + i-(4 x 14 + 3)
=(i4)14.i3 + (i4)-14.i-3
=1.i3+1.i-3 [∵ i4=1]
=-i+i [∴ i3=-i and i-3=i]
=0
19) Simplify the following i i
2i3...i2000

i i2 i3 ....i2000
=i1+2+3+.....+2000
2000×2001
=i 2

[∴ 1+2+3+....n= n(n+1) ]
2
=i1000 x 2001
=i2001000
=1
[∴ 2001000 is divisible by 4 as its last two digits are divisible by 4]
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20) Find the modulus and principal argument of the following complex numbers.
√3-i
√3 − i

r = 2 and π
−α =
6
Since the complex number lies in the fourth quadrant, has the principal value
π
θ = −α = −
6
Therefore, the modulus and principal argument of
are 2 and π
−√3 − i
6
In all the four cases, modulus are equal, but the arguments are depending on the quadrant in which the complex number lies.
21) If α, β, and γ are the roots of the equatio x +pz +qx+r=0, find the value of
3 2 Σ 1
in terms of the coefficients.
βγ
Since α, β, and γ are the roots of the equation x3+px2+qx+r=0, we have Σ1 α + β + γ
=-p amd Σ3 αβγ = -r
α+β+γ −p p
Σ βγ
1
= 1 +βγ1 + 1γα= αβ αβγ
= −r
= .r
22) Construct a cubic equation with roots 1,2, and 3
Given roots are 1,2 and 3
Here a = 1, β = 2 and ૪ = 3
A cubic polynomial equation whose roots are
α,β,૪ is
x3-(α+β+૪)+x2(αβ+β૪+૪α)x-∝ β૪=0
⇒ x3-(1+1+2)x2(2+6+3)x-6=0
⇒ x3-6x2+11x-6=0
23) If x2+2(k+2)x+9k=0 has equal roots, find k.
Here Δ=b2−4ac=0 for equal roots. This implies 4(k+2) 2=4(9)k. This implies k = 4 or 1.
24) Obtain the condition that the roots of x3+px2+qx+r=0 are in A.P.
Let the roots be in A.P. Then, we can assume them in the form α-d, α, α+d Applying
p p
the Vieta’s formula (α-d)+α+(α+d) = =p ⇒3α =-p ⇒α=- .
1 3
But, we note that αis a root of the given equation. Therefore, we get
( 3p )3 + p(3p )3 + q(3p )3 + r =0 ⇒ 9 pq =2p3+27r.
25) Examine for the rational roots of x8-3x+1=0
x8-3x+1=0
Here an = 1, ao = 1
p
If is a root of the polynomial, then as
q
(p, q) = 1p is a factor of ao = 1 and q is a factor of an= 1
Since 1 has no factors, the given equation has no rational roots.
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26) Find the principal value of
Sin−1 ( √21 )
We know that sin-1: [-1,1] → [− π , π ] is given by
2 2
sin−1x=y if and only if x=sin y for −1≤ x ≤ and - π ≤2 y ≤ π . Thus,
2
Sin−1 ( )= 1 π
, Since
π
∈ [− π , π ] and sin
4 22
π
= 1
√2 4 4 √2
.
27) Find all the values of x such that
-10π≤ x ≤10π and sin x=0
Given sin x = 0
⇒sin x = sin 0
⇒ x = nπ,nεz
Since −10π ≤ x ≤ 10π n can take the values only from -10 to +10.
∴ x = nπ,When n = 0, ±, ±2, ±3, ±4, ±5, ±6, ±7, ±8, ±9, ±10

28) Find the period and amplitude of

y=sin 7x
The amplitude of sin x is 1 [Max of sinx curve is 1]
⇒ amplitude of sin 7x is also 1. If p
is the period of the function, then
f(x+p)=f(x).
Since the period of sine function is . The period.of sin is 2π Since sin 2π
2π
7
7 ( 7)= sin2π

29) Find the value of

tan(tan−1 (7π ))4
tan(tan−1(7π ))
4
−1
= tan(tan ( 7π4 ))
7π [tan (tan-1(x)- x for any real number]
= [∴
4
30) Find the value of
tan−1 (tan(− π ))6
tan−1 (tan(−π )) 6
= −π
6
Since −π −π π
6
ϵ
2 2
,( )
31) Find the value of
tan(tan-1(-0.2021)).
tan(tan-1(0.2021))
= -0.2021[∵ tan (tan-1x)=x for any real number]
32) Find the value of
cos [ 1 cos−1 ( 1 )]
2 8

Consider cos[ 1 cos−1 ( 1 )] Let cos−1 ( 1 ) = θ. T hen, cosθ = 1 and θ ∈ [0, π]

1 2 8
2θ
8 8
Now, cosθ = implies 2cos −1= 1
. Thus, cos( θ ) is positive
8 2 8 2
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Thus, cos [21 cos−1 (8 1 )] = cos 2( θ ) =4 3

33) Determine whether x+y−1=0 is the equation of a diameter of the circle x2+y2−6x+4y+c = 0 for all possible values of c .
Centre of the circle is (3,-2) which lies on x+y−1=0. So the line x+y−1=0 passes through
the centre and therefore the linex+y−1=0 is a diameter of the circle for all possible values of c .
34) Find the general equation of the circle whose diameter is the line segment joining the points (−4,−2)and (1,1).
Equation of the circle with end points of the diameter as x y 1 1 ( , )and x y 2 2 ( , )given in theorem 5.2
is
(x−x1)(x−x2)+(y−y1)(y−y2) = 0
(x+4)(x−1)+(y+2)(y−1) = 0
x2+y2+3x+y−6= 0 is the required equation of the circle.
35) The line 3x+4y−12 = 0 meets the coordinate axes at A and B . Find the equation of the circle drawn on AB as diameter.
Writing the line 3x+4y=12, in intercept form yields .Hence the points A and B are (4,0)
and(0,3) .
Equation of the circle in diameter form is
(x−x1)(x−x2)+(y−y1)(y−y2) = 0
(x−4)(x−0)+(y−0)(y−3) = 0
x2+y2−4x−3y = 0 .
36) If y=4x+c is a tangent to the circle x2+y2=9 , find c .
The condition for the line y=mx+c to be a tangent to the circle x2+y2=a2 is c2=a2(1+m2) from 5.2.3. Then c = ±√9 (1
+ 16)
c = ±3√17
37) Obtain the equation of the circle for which (3,4) and (2,-7) are the ends of a diameter.
Given ends of diameter are (3, 4)(2, -7)
∴ Equation of the circle is
(x - x1)(x - x2) + (y - y1)(y - y2) = 0
⇒(x - 3)(x - 2) + (y - 4)(y + 7) =0
⇒ x2 - 2x - 3x + 6 + y2 + 7y - 4y - 28 = 0
⇒ x2+y2−5x+3y−22=0
38) Find centre and radius of the following circles. x2+
(y+2)2 =0
Equation of the circle is x2 + (y + 2)2 = 0
Centre is (0, -2) and radius is 0.
39) Find centre and radius of the following circles.
2x2+2y2−6x+4y+2=0
Equation of the circle is 2x2
+ 2y2 - 6x + 4y + 2 = 0
Dividing by 2, we get x2 +
y2 - 3x + 2y + 1 = 0
Here 2g = -3 ⇒ g = −3
2
2f = 2 ⇒f = 1
and c = 1
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∴ Centre is (-g, -f) = ( 3 , −1)
2
and r = √g 2 + f2 − c
= √( ) + 12 − 1
3 2
2

= √ 9 3
4= 2
units.

40) If a = −3i − j + 5k, b = i − 2j + k, c = 4i − 4kand a. ( b × c )

We find, ∣ −3 −1 5 ∣
∣ ∣
a. ( b × c ) =1 −2 1 = −3
∣ ∣
∣ 0 4 −5 ∣
41) If 2i − j + 3k, 3i + 2j + k, i + mj + 4k are coplanar, find the value of m.
Since the given three vectors are coplanar, we have ∣ 2 −1 3 ∣ = 0 ⇒ m = -3
∣ ∣
∣ 3 2 1 ∣
∣ 1 m 4 ∣
42) If a⃗, b⃗ , c are three vectors, prove that [a + c , a⃗ + b,⃗ a⃗ = [a⃗, b,⃗ c]
⃗ ⃗ ⃗
+ b⃗ + c]
We get
∣ 1 0 1∣
∣ ∣
= 1 1 0 [a⃗, b,⃗ c]
[a⃗ + c,⃗ a⃗ + b,⃗ a⃗
∣ ∣
+ b⃗ + c] ∣ 1 1 1∣

= - [a⃗, b,⃗
c]⃗
43) Find the volume of the parallelepiped whose coterminous edges are represented by the vectors
−6 i + 14 j + 10k, 14 i − 10 j − 6k and 2 i + 4 j − 2k
Let a⃗ = −6 i + 14 j + 10k , b ⃗ = 14 i − 10 j − 6k and c ⃗ = 2 i + 4 j − 2k
Volume ofthe parallelepiped having a⃗, b ⃗ and c ⃗ as its co-terminus edges is a⃗. (b ⃗ × c ) .
∴ ∣ −6 14 10 ∣
a⃗. (b ⃗ ∣ ∣
= 14 −10
∣ −6 ∣
× c)
∣ 2 4 −2 ∣
= ∣ −10 −6 ∣ ∣ −6 ∣ ∣ −10 ∣
14 14
−6 ∣ ∣ − 14∣ ∣ + 10 ∣ ∣
∣ 4 −2 ∣ ∣ 2 −2 ∣ ∣ 2 4∣
=-6(20 + 24) - 14(-28 + 12) + 10(56 + 20)
= -6(44) -14(-16) + 10(76)
= -264 + 224 + 760 = 720.
∴ Volume of the required parallelepiped = 720 cubic units.
44) The volume of the parallelepiped whose coterminus edges are 7 i + λj − 3k, i + 2 j − k , −3 i + 7 j + 5k is 90 cubic units.
Find the value of λ.
Let a⃗ = 7 i + λj − 3k, b ⃗ = i + 2 j − k and c ⃗ = −3 i + 7 j − 5k

∴ volume of the parallelepiped

=a⃗. (b ⃗ × c )⃗
Given a⃗. (b ⃗ =90
× c)
⇒ ∣ 7 λ −3 ∣ =90
∣ ∣
∣ 1 2 −1 ∣
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∣ −3 7 5 ∣
⇒ ∣ −1 ∣ ∣ −1 ∣ ∣ 1 2 =90
2 1 ∣
−6 ∣ ∣ −λ ∣ − 3∣ ∣
∣
∣ 7 5∣ ∣ −3 5 ∣ −3 7 ∣
∣
⇒ 7(10+7)-λ(5-3)-3(7+6)=90
⇒ 7(17)-λ(2)-3(13)=90
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⇒ 119-2λ-39=90
⇒ 119-39-90=2λ
⇒ -10=2λ
⇒ λ=-5
45) Show that the points (2, 3, 4),(−1, 4, 5) and (8,1, 2) are collinear.
Let the points be A (2,3,4), B (-1, 4, 5) and C (8, 1,2)
Equation of the line joining A and B is
x−x1 y −y
x2−x1 = y2 −y11 = zz2−−zz11
y−3
⇒ x−2 = z−4 5−4
−1−2= 4−
⇒ x−2 = y−3 = z−4
−3 1 1
Substitute the point C (8, 1, 2) in line (1),
8−2 1−3 2−4
−3 = 1= 1
⇒ -2=-2=-2
Since the point C satisfies the equation of line joining A and B, all the three points lie on the same line. Hence the
given points are collinear.
46) Find the direction cosines and length of the perpendicular from the origin to the plane r. (3 i − 4 j + 12k) = 5
Let d ⃗ = 3 i − 4 j + 12k and q = 5.
If d ⃗ is the unit vector in the direction of the vector 3 i − 4 j + 12k , then d ⃗ = 1
(3 i − 413j + 12k)
Now, dividing the given equation by 13, we get

r. ( 3
13
i − 4 13j + 12 k13 = 5 ) 13
which is the equation of the plane in the normal form r . d =p
From this equation, we infer that d = 1
(3 i − 4 j + 12k) is a unit vector normal to the plane from the origin.
3 −43 12
Therefore, the direction cosines of , , and the length of the perpendicular from the origin to the plane is 5
13 13 13 13
47) Find the angle between the straight line r ⃗ = (2i + j + k) + t( i − j + k) and the plane 2x-y+z=5
The angle between a line
r ⃗ = a⃗ + tb⃗
and a plane
r.⃗ n⃗
=p with normal
n⃗
is θ=
sin−1 ( )
|b.⃗ n⃗|
|b.⃗ n⃗|
Here, b⃗ = i − j + k and n⃗ = 2i j + k
So,we get θ=
sin−1 ( |b.⃗ n⃗|
|b.⃗ n⃗|
) = sin−1 ( |( i − j +k^).(2 i − j +k^)|
)=
| i − j +k^||2 i − j +k^|
sin−1 ( ).
2√3
3

48) Find the distance between the planes r . (2 i − j − k)=6 and r . (6 i − j − 2k)= 27
Let μ the position vector of an arbitrary point on the plane r.⃗ (2i − j − k) = 6. Then, we have
μ⃗.(2i − j − 2k) = 6 .....(1)
If δ is the distance between the given planes, then δ is the perpendicular distance from μ⃗ to the plane
r.⃗ (6i − j − 2k) = 27
Therefore, δ = ∣ u.⃗ ∣ u.⃗ (6^i −3^j −6k)−27
∣ ∣ 3(u.⃗ (2^i −^j −2k))−27 ∣ (3(6)−27 ∣ unit
∣
n⃗−p∣

∣ n⃗∣ =∣ ∣ =∣ ∣ =∣ 9 ∣ =1
√6 +(−3) +(−6)
2
∣
2
∣
2
∣ 9 ∣
49) Find the angle between the following lines. 2x =
3y = −z and 6x = − y = −4z.
Given lines are 2x = 3y = -2 and 6x = -y - 4z
2x=3y=-2 ⇒ x−0 = y−0 = z−0
1 −1 −1
⇒ b⃗
2
= i+ j−k1 1
2 3
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6x=-y=-4z ⇒ x−0 = y−0 = z−0
1 1 1
6 −1 −4
⇒ d= −i−j− k 1 1
6 4
b⃗
. d⃗= 1 i + 1 j −k . (
2 3
)( 1
6
i −j− 1k )
4
1x3=3
50) Find the inverse of each of the following by Gauss-Jordan method:

[ 25 −1
−2
]
[ 25 −1−2 ]
[25 −1−2 ]
Let A =

Applying Gauss - Jordan method, we get

[A|I ] =
2 [ 25 −1 1|
−2 0
0
1
]
⟶R ÷2
R1 → 1
[ 1
5 −−21
2|2
1
0 10 ]
R2 →R2 −5R1
⟶
[ 1
5
− 12 | 2
−2
1

− 25
0
1 ]
R2 →R2 ×2
⟶

R1 →R1 + R2
1
[ 1
0
−1
2|
1 −5
1
2
0
2
]
⟶
2
[ 10 01| −2−5 12]
∴ We get A-1=
[−2−5 12 ]
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RAVI MATHS TUITION CENTER, PH - 8056206308

QUARTERLY IMPORTANT 3 MARKS WITH ANSWERS Date : 31-Aug-19
12th Standard

Maths Reg.No. :
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Time : 03:20:00 Hrs

Total Marks : 210

70 x 3 = 210
1)
−3 −2 −3
Verify (AB)-1 = B-1A-1 with A = [ 0
1 4 ,B=] [0
1
− . ]
1 4 ][ 0 −1 ] [ −2 + 0 −3 − 4 ] [ −2 −7 ]
(AB) = −7 − −7 − .......(1)
-1
(0+6)
1
[ 3
2 ] [ ] 0
=
1
6 23 0
A = 4 3 4 3
-1
1
(0+3) [ −1 0 ] [ ]
= 3
1
−1 0
B = −1 3 −1 3
-1
1
(2−0) [ 0 −2 ] [ ] =
1
2 0 −2
BA=1 −1 3 4 3 −7 − .......(2).
-1 -1
2 [ 0 −2 ][ ] [ ]
1
3 −1 0
=
1
6 23 0
As the matrices in (1) and (2) are same, (AB)−1=B−1A−1 is verified.

1
2) If A = 9 4 4 7 , prove that A−1 = AT.
−18

Given A=
[ −8
−18 4
4

1 ]
4

A=
1
9
[ 4
1
4
−8 4
7
]
........(1)
−8 4 1
T1
9
[ ] 1
4
4
7
We know that (⼊A)-1= 1 .A-1
7
4

λ
Processing math: 100%
 A-1 = {[ ]} [
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=
−8 1 4
1 −1 −8 1 4 T
4 4 7 1
9 4 4 7
9
1 −8 4
1 −8 4

where ⼊= 1
9
A =9B where B= ...........(2)

-1 -1
[ −8
4
1
1
4
−8
4
7
4 ]
−8 4 | | 1 4 | | 1 −8 |
=-8(16+56)-1(16-7)+4(-32-4)
=-8(72)-1(9)+4(-36)=-576-9144
=-729

−8
| | | | |
]
4
1 4 1 −8

−8 4
| | 1 4 | | 1 −8 |
adj B= 47
| | | | |

[
4 7 4 1
=
+ (16 + 56) − (16 − 7) + ( − 32 − 3)

[ − (4 + 32) + ( − 32 − 4) + (64 − 1)
+ (7 − 16) − ( − 56 − 16) + ( − 3 − 4)

−9 − 36 − 36
] −9

] [ ]
72 72

[
T

= − 36 − 36 − 63 −9 − 36 72
− 36 − 63 − 36
=
−9 72 − 36

=9 −1 −4 +
−4 −1

[ ]
88
−4 −7 −
∴ B 4=
−4 −1

[ ]
8
−9
-1
1
adjB = −1 −4 +8
|B| 729
−4 −7 −4

−8

[ ]
4 1
1
= 1 4 −8
81
4 7 4
Substituting this in (2) we get,
A=
−8 4 1 −8 4 1
-1 1 4 −
8
9
.
4 7 4
1
81

From (1) and (3)we get,

[=
] [ 1
9
1
8
4
4

7
−

4
]
ProcessAinTg=m
Aa-1th: 100%
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3)
2 −4 2
If adj(A) =
[ − 3 12 −
7
−2 0 2 ] , find A.

2 −4 2
−3 12 −7
Given adj A= −2 0 2

We know that A =±
[ √
1

| adjA | ]
.adj (adj A) ..............(1)

0 2 | | −2 2 | | −2 0 |
[Expanded along R1]
=2(24-0)+4(-6-14)+2(0+24)
=2(24)+4(-20)+2(24)=48-80+48
=96-80=16
Now, adj (adj A)
=

| | | | |
[ ]
0 2 −2 2 −2 0 T

0 2
| | −2 2 | | −2 0 |
−7
12
| | −3 − | | −3 12 |
7
=
+ (24 − 0) − (6 − 14) + (0 + 24)

[[ ]]
T
=
− ( − 8 − 0) + (4 + 4) − (0 − 8)

24 20 24 T
][
+ (28 − 24) − ( − 14 + 6) + (24 − 12)

24 8 4
8 8 8 20 8 8
24 8 12
=
4 8 12
=

[ ]
6 2 1
4 5 2 2
6 2 3
Substituting (2) and (3) in (1) we get,
A=

[[ ] ] [ ]
6 2
A= 1 1
.
√16 4 5 2
2
6 2
3
6 2 3
±
6 2 1
4
5 2 2
4
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6 2 1 6 2 3
= ± 5 2 2

− sin2x
4)
A=
[
Processing math: 100%
1
− tanx
tanx
1 ] , show that ATA-1 =
[ cos2x
sin2x cos2x ]
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2
− tanx 1 ]
|A| =1+tan x
∴ A-1= 1 adjA
|A|

1 + tan tanx 1 ]
[Interchange the elements in the leading diagonal and change the sign of elementsin the off diagonal]

tanx 1 ]
∴ ATA-1

tanx 1 ] 1 + tan x [ tanx 1 ]

1 + tan x tanx 1 ][ tanx 1 ]
=
1
1 + tan x 2 [ 1 − tan2x
tanx + tanx
− tanx − tanx
− tan2x + 1 ]

[ ]
1 − tan2x − 2tanx
1 + tan2x 1 + tan2x
= 2tanx 1 1 − tan2x
2
+ tan x 1 + tan2x

sin2x cos2x ] 2
[∵ sin2x= 2tanx and cos2x= 1 − tan x ].
1 + tan2x 1 + tan2x

5) Given A = ,B= and C = , find a matrix X such that AXB = C.

12 −01 31 −12 12 2
[ ] [ ] [ ] 1

2 0 ] [ 1 1 ] [ ] 2 2
Also, A X B=C
Premultiply by A-1 we get, (A-
1 A) X B = A-1 C

⇒ XB=A-1C [∵ A-1a=1]
Post Multiply by B-1 we get (X
B) B-1 = (A-1 C) B-1
⇒ X = (A-1 C) B-1

2 0 |
∴ A= 0 1
-1
1
|A|
adjA = 2 [
1
−2 1 ]
Processing math: 100%
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1 1 |
∴ B=1 1 2
-1
[ ]|B|
adjB = 5
1
−1 3
A C= 1 0 1 1
-1
[ ][ ] 2 −2 1 1
2
=1 0+2 0+ 2
2 [ ]
−22 + 2 −2 + 2
=1 2 2 1 1
2 [ ] [ ]
0 0
= 2
1
(2)
0 0

00]
∴ X=Z(A-1C).B-1

11 1 2 1−12+3
=
[ ][ ] [
0 ]0 5
1
−1 3
=
1
5 0+0 0+0

0 5 0 1 0 1
=5
1
[ ] [ ] [ ]
0 0
= 5
1
(5)
0 0
=
0 0

] 0 0
6)
−1 −1
Decrypt the received encoded message [ 2 − 3 ] [ 20 4 ] with the encryption matrix
[ 2 1 ]
and the decryption matrix as its inverse, where the system of codes are described by the numbers 1 - 26 to the letters A - Z
respectively, and the number 0 to a blank space.

2 1 ]
-1
adjA =
|A|=-1+2=1≠0
|A| 1 [ −2 −1 ] [
=
]
∴ A= 1 1
1 1 1 1
−2 −1

−2 −1 ]
Coded row matrix Decoding matrix Decoded row matrix

−2 −1 ]
−2 −1 ]
So, the sequence of decoded row matrices is [8 5],
[12 16]
Now the 8th English alphabet is H.
5th English alphabet is E.
12th English alphabet is L.

Processing math: 100%

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and the 16th. English alphabet is P.
Thus the receiver reads the message as "HELP".
7)

]
2−24 3
Find the rank of the matrix
[ −3 4 −
2
6 2 −
1
−1
7
by reducing it to an echelon form.

Let A be the matrix. Performing elementary row operations, we get

R2 ⟶R2 + 3R1 .
−2 4 3 2 −2 4 3 2 −2 4 3

] [ ][ ] [ ]
R 2 ⟶2R 2 R3 ⟶R3 − 3R1
−34−2 −1 ⟶ −6 8 −4 −2 ⟶ . 0 2 8 7
A=

[ [ 2
] 6 2 −1 7 6 2 −1 7 0 8 − 13 −2

⟶ 0 2 8 7 ⟶ 02 8 7
0 0 − 45 − 30 00 3 2
R3 ⟶R3 − 4R2 2 −2 4 3 R3 ⟶R3 ÷ ( − 15 )
2−243

The last equivalent matrix is in row-echelon form. It has three non-zero rows. So,ρ(A) = 3.
8) 4 men and 4 women can finish a piece of work jointly in 3 days while 2 men and 5 women can finish the same work jointly in 4
days. Find the time taken by one man alone and that of one woman alone to finish the same work by using matrix
inversion method.
Let the time by one man alone be x days and one woman alone be y days
∴ By the given data,
4 4 1
x
+
y
=3
and 2 + 5 = 1
x y 4
put 1 =s and 1 =t
x y
∴ 4s+4t= 1
3
and 2x+5t= 1
4
The matrix form of the system of equation is
⇒ AX=B where

[]
1

[ ][ ]
44
2 5 t
s
=
3
2
4

A=

25 ]
and B=

[] 1
3
2
4

X=A-1B
Now |A|= =20-8 =12≠0
| 44
2 5 |
∴ A= 5 −
-1
1
|A|
adjA =
12
1
[ −2
4
4 ]
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[]
∴ X=A B= 1

-1 1
12 [ 5
−42
−
4
] 3
1
4

[[ ] [ ] ] [ ]
5
−1
= 1 3
12 −2
3
+1

2 2 1 1
×
1 3 3 12 18
12 1
= 1 1 = 1
3
× 12 36
3

∴ 1 1 1
⇒ = ⇒ x=18
18 x 18
t= 1 ⇒
1
=
1
⇒ y=36
36 y 36
9) A chemist has one solution which is 50% acid and another solution which is 25% acid. How much each should be mixed to
make 10 litres of a 40% acid solution ? (Use Cramer’s rule to solve the problem).
Let the amount of 50%acid be xl and the amount of 25% acid be y litre By the
given data, x + y = 10 ........(1)

100 ) ( ) ( ) 100 100

⇒ 50x+25y=400 ⇒ 2x+y=16 .........(2)

2 1 ][ ] [ ]
y 16

21 ]
y ] [ ] 16

⇒ X= 1
21 |
|A| adj A.B
⇒X= 1 − 10
−1
[ 1
−2 1 ][ ]16
=- 10 − 16
[ − 20 + 16 ]
⇒ X=- − 6
−4
=
[ ] [] 4
6

Thus, the amount of 50% acid is 6 litre and the I amount of 25% acid is 4 litre.
10) A fish tank can be filled in 10 minutes using both pumps A and B simultaneously. However, pump B can pump water in or out
at the same rate. If pump B is inadvertently run in reverse, then the tank will be filled in 30
mi nutes. How long would it take each pump to fill the tank by itself ? (Use Cramer’s rule to solve the problem).
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Let the pump A can fill the tank in x minutes, and the pump B can fill. the tank in y minutes In 1 minute A can fill 1 units
x
and in 1 minute B can fill 1 units.
y
∴ 1 1
+ =10
x y
and 1 − 1 =30
x y
Put 1 =a and 1 =b
x y
⇒ a+b= 1 ..............(1)
10
and a-b= 1 ......(2)
30

1 −1 |
Δ=

| |
1
1 −1 1
10
= −
1 1 10 30
30 −1

=−3−1 = −4
=
−2
30 30 15
Δ=

| |
1

1 1 1 1−3
10
2 1 = − =
30 10 30
1
30

=−2=−1
30 15
∴ a= △1 −2 1 1 1 =x=15
= 15
= ⇒ = ⇒
△ 15 x 15
−2

b= △ 2 −1 1 1 1 y=30
= 15
= ⇒ = ⇒
△ 30 y 30
−2

Hence the pump A can fill the tank in 15 minutes and the pump B can fill the tank in 30 minutes.
11) Solve the following system of linear equations, by Gaussian elimination method : 4x + 3y +
6z = 25, x + 5y + 7z = 13, 2x + 9y + z = 1.
Transforming the augmented matrix to echelon form, we get
R2 ⟶R2 − 4R1

1 2

[ ] [ ] [ ]
41 5 37 | 13
6 25 ↔R 14 3 56 | 25
7 13 10 − 517 − 722 | − 13
27
R ⟶ 3 − 2R 1
R 3 ⟶ R⟶
2 9 1 1 2 9 1 1 0 −1 − 13 − 25
R2 ⟶R2 ÷ ( − 1 ) .

⟶ 0 17 22 | 27 ⟶ 0 17 22 | 27

[ ] [
10 1 5 13 7 13 10 5 7

]
R3 ⟶ R3 ÷ ( − 1 ) 25 R 3 ⟶ 17R 3 − R 2 0 199 13
398

The equivalent system is written by using the echelon form: x + 5y +

7 = 13, … (1)
17y + 22z = 27, … (2)
199z = 398. ...... (3)
From (3), we get z = 398 = 2.
199
Substituting z = 2 in (2), we get y = 27 − 22 × 2 = − 17 = -1
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Substituting z = 2, y = -1, in (1), we get x = 13 - 5 x (-1) - 7 x 2 = 4. So, the
solution is (x = 4, y = -1, z = 2).
12) Find the rank of the following matrices by row reduction method:

2 −1

[ ]
1
3 −1 2
1 −2 3
1 −1 1

1 2 −1

[ ]3 −1 2
1 −2 3
1 −1 1

Let A=
1 2 −1

A=
[ ] 3 −1 2
1 −2 3
1 −1 1

[ ] [ ]
1
−
3
1
1
−
1
2
2 −
1
2
3
1
R2 → R23R1 R3 → R3 −

1 2 −1
⟶
R1
R4 → R4 − R1
1
0
0
0
2 −
− 1
7
− 4
4
5

[ ]
− −
R3 → R3 ÷14 0 −7 5 3
⟶
0 −1 1

[ ]
R4 → R 4 − 3R3
⟶
0 0 −1

1 2 −1
0 −7 5
0 0 1
0 0 −1

[ ]
1 2 −1
R3 → 7R3 − R2
0 −7 5
⟶
0 0 2
0 0 −1

[ ]
1 2 −1
R4 → 2R4 − R3
⟶ 0 −7 5
0 0 2
0 0 0
The last equivalent matrix is in row echelon form It has three non-zero rows.
∴ ρ(A)=3

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13) Find the value of the real numbers x and y, if the complex number (2+i)x+(1−i)y+2i −3 and
x+(−1+2i)y+1+iare equal
Let z1 = (2+i)x+(1−i)y+2i−3=(2x+y−3)+i(x−y+ 2)and z2 =
x+(−1+2i)y+1+i=(x−y+1)+i(2y+1)
Given that z1 = z2 .
Therefore (2x+y−3)+i(x−y+2)=(x−y+1)+i(2y+1). Equating real
and imaginary parts separately, gives 2x+y−3 = x−y+1 ⇒
x+2y=4
x−y+2 = 2y +1 ⇒ x−3y= −1 Solving the
above equations, gives x = 2 and y =1.
14) 1 1 1
The complex numbers u,v,and w are related by = + If v=3−4i and w=4+3i, find u in rectangular form.
u v w

Given v=3-4i, w=4+3i and 1 1 1

= +
u v w
1 1 1
∴ u
= 3 − 4i + 4 + 3i
3 + 4i 4 − 3i
= +
( 3 − 4i ) ( 3 + 4i ) ( 4 + 3i ) ( 4 − 3i )
3 + 4i 9 4 − 3i 3 + 4i 4 − 3i
= + = +
− ( 4i )2 16 − ( 3i )2 9+ 16 + 9
16
3 + 4i 4 − 3i 3 + 4i + 4 − 3i
= 25 + =
25 25
1 7+i
u
= 25
25
∴ u= 7−i 25 ( 7 − i
× =
7+i 7−i 72 − ( i 2 )
25 ( 7 − i ) 25 ( 7 − i ) 1 (7-i)
= = =
49 + 1 50 2
∴ u= 1 (7-i)
2
15)

| |
1 1 1
If z1,z2 and z3 ,are complex numbers such that |z1|=|z2|=|z3|=|z1+z2+z3|=1 find the value of + +
z1 z2 z3
Since, z =
1 | |
|¯z | = |z | = 1 2 3
¯

|z | = 1 ⇒ zz = 1, |z | = 1 ⇒ z z
1
2
1 2
2
2 2 =1
Therefore, ¯ 1 ¯ 1 and hence
z1 = , z2 =

| | |
z3¯

|
1 1 1 z1 ¯

= z 1 + z 2 + zˉ 3
+ +
z1 z2 z3

=
z1 + |z 2+
¯
z3 | | = z1 + z2 + z3 = 1

|
16) If |z|=2 show that 3 ≤ |z + 3 + 4i| ≤ 7

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|z + 3 + 4i| ≤ |z| + |3 + 4i| = 2 + 5 = 7

|z + 3 + 4i| ≤ 7
|z + 3 + 4i| ≥ ||z| − |3 + 4i|| = |2 − 5| = 3
|z + 3 + 4i| ≥ 3
From (1) and (2) we get, 3 ≤ |z + 3 + 4i| ≤ 7

17) z1 + z2
For any two complex number z1 and z2 such that |z1|=|z2|=1 and z1z2 ≠ , then show that is real number.
1+
z 1z 2
Given |z1|=|z2|=1
⇒ z1 zˉ =1
⇒ z=1
1 ¯
z1
and z1 z2 ≠ -1
Also z ¯ =1
2z2
⇒ z =1
2 ¯
z2
Consider z1 + z2
1 + z 1z 2
¯ ¯
∴ 1
+
1 z2 + z1
¯ ¯ ¯ ¯
z1 + z2 z1 z2 z1 z2
=
1 + z1z2 11= ¯¯

1 + ¯. ¯ z1 z2 + 1
z1 z2 ¯ ¯
z1 z2
¯ ¯
= ¯
z2 + z1 z 11 2
¯ ¯ =
1 + zz
1 2
z1z2 + 1
=

( )
¯
z112

1 + z1z2

¯ ¯
∴ 1 1 z2 + is real [∵ z= ⇒ is real]
z1

z+z ¯ + ¯ ¯ ¯
1 2 z1 z2 z1 z2
1+zz
= 1 1 = ¯ ¯ ˉ
z
1 2 1+ . z1 z2 + 1
¯ ¯
z1 z2 ¯ ¯
z1 z2

18) Which one of the points10 − 8i , 11+ 6i is closest to1+ i .

Let the points b A (10 - 8i), B (11 + 6i) and C(1-i)
Distance between A and C is |(10-8i)-(1+i)|
=|10-8i-1-i|=|9-9i|
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√
= 9 2 + ( − 9) 2 =
√81 + 81 = √2 × 81 = √162
9√2
Distance between Band Cis s |(11+6i)-(1+i)|
=|11+6i-1-i|=|10+5i|

√
= 10 2 + 5 2 =
√100 + 25 = √125
=√25 × 5 = 5√5
Since √125 < √162 , B is closest to C.
∴ 11+6i is closet to 1+i.
19) If (x1+iy1)(x2+iy2)(x3+iy3)...(xn+iyn) =a+ib, show that i) (x 2+y
2
)(x 12+y 21)(x 2+y 2
2 )...(x
2
2
+y 2
3 )=a
2
3 +b n
2
n

()
yr b
ii) ∑nr = 1 tan − 1
xr
= tan − 1
()
a
+ 2kπ, kϵZ

( ) ()
yr
−1
tan − 1
n + 2kπ, kϵZ
i) ∑
r=1
xr + = tan a

(x1+iy1)(x2+iy2) ....(xn+iyn) =a+ib

arg(x1+iy1)(x2+iy2) ....(xn+iyn)) =arg(a+ib)
⇒ arg(x1+iy1)+arg(x2+iy2)+...+arg(xn+iyn)=arg(a+ib) (∵
arg(z1z2....zn)=argz1+arg z2+...+argzn)
⇒
tan − 1
() ()
y1

x1
+ tan − 1
y2

x2
+ . . . + tan − 1
()
yn

xn

=
tan − 1
() b
a
+ 2kπ k ∈ Z

⇒
r = 1tan
()
xr
= tan
a ) 2kπ k∈ Z

ii) b
n
∑ r = 1 tan
−1
( )
yr

xr
+ = tan −1
() a
+ 2kπ, kϵZ

(x1+iy1)(x2+iy2) ....(xn+iyn) =a+ib

arg(x1+iy1)(x2+iy2) ....(xn+iyn)) =arg(a+ib)
⇒ arg(x1+iy1)+arg(x2+iy2)+...+arg(xn+iyn)=arg(a+ib) (∵
arg(z1z2....zn)=argz1+arg z2+...+argzn)
⇒
tan − 1
() ()
y1
+ tan − 1
y2
+ . . . + tan − 1
()
yn

()
x1 x2 xn
a

b
=tan − 1 + 2kπ k ∈ Z

⇒ Σ
n
r = 1 tan − 1
yr
xr () = tan − 1 ()
b
a 2kπ k ∈ Z.

20) 1+
If
z = cos2θ + isin2θ, show that z=itanθ
1−
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Let z=x+iy
Then 1 + z =cos2θ+isin2θ
1−z
⇒ 1 + x + iy =cos2θ+isin2θ .....(1)
1 − x − iy
Taking modulus,

1 − x − iy | | 1 − x − iy |

√
= cos 22θ + sin 22θ=1
⇒ |1+x+iy|=|1-x-iy|

⇒
√(1 +2 x)22 + y2 =2 √(12 + x)2 + y2
⇒ (1+x) +y =(1-x) +y

⇒ 4x=0 ⇒ x=0
From (1) ( 1 + x ) + iy ( 1 − x ) + iy
( 1 − x ) − iy
× ( 1 − x ) + iy
=cos2θ+isin2θ
Choosing the imaginary part alone we get,
y ( 1 + x ) + y ( 1 − x ) =sin2θ
( 1 − x )2 + y2

2y =sin2θ
1 + y2
⇒ 2tanθ 1 =sin2θ
+ tan2θ
∴ y must be equal to tanθ ⇒ y=tanθ
∴ z=0+itanθ ⇒ z=tanθ
21) If cosα + cosβ + cosγ = sinα + sinβ + sinγ = 0 then show that
(i) cos3α + cos3β + cos3γ = 3cos(α + β + γ)
(ii) sin3α + sin3β + sin3γ + sin3γ = 3sin(α + β + γ)
Given cosα+cosβ+cosγ=sinα+sinβ+sinγ
∴ (cosα+cosβ+cosγ)+i(sinα+sinβ+sinγ)=0
⇒ (cosα+i sinα) + (cosβ+i sinβ)+(cosγ+i sinγ)=0
⇒ a+b+c=0 where a=cosα+i sinα, b=cosβ+i sinβ, c=cosγ+i sinγ If
a+b+c=0, then a3+b3+c3=3abc
∴ (cosα+i sinα)3 + (cosβ+i sinβ)3 + (cosγ+i sinγ)3 = 3[ (cosα+i sinα) + (cosβ+i sinβ) + (cosγ+i sinγ)
=3[(cos(α+β+γ) + i sin(α+β+γ)]
⇒ (cos3α+cosβ+cosγ) + i[sin3α+sin3β+sin3γ)]
=3(cos(α+β+γ) + i sin(α+β+γ)
Equating the real and imaginary parts, we get cosα+cosβ+cosγ = 3sin(α+β+γ) And sinα+sinβ+sinγ=sin(α+β+γ).

22)
π π

( )
10
1 + sin + icos
10 10

Find the value of π π

1 + sin − icos
10 10

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π π
10
1 + sin + icos
10 10

π π
1 + sin − icos
10 10

π π
Let z=sin + icos 10
1 10
∴ = sin π
π − icos

z 10 10
∴ LHS = =z

[ ] []
1+
1 + z 10
1
z
=
1+z
z+1
z
10
10

10 10 ]
10 10 ]
10
10 ]
=i10[cosπ-i sinπ]=-1(-1-i(0))=1
23) If ω ≠ 1 is a cube root of unity, show that the roots of the equation (z −1)3 +8=0 are − 1, 1 − 2ω, 1 − 2ω2.
Given (z-1)3+8=0
(z-2)3=-8=-1 x 23
⇒ z-1 =(-1)1/3 x 2
⇒ z-1=2[cosπ+i sinπ]1/3 z-
1=2
[cos 1 (2kπ+π)+i sin 1 (2kπ+π)], k=0,1,2
3 3
When k=0

3 3 ]
=2 − √3 =1+i c

[ 1
2 + 2 ] √3
=-2ω2 ........(1)

2 2
[∵ ω = 2
− 1i − √3 ⇒ 2ω =-1-i √
⇒ 2ω2=-1+i√3 [ ] 3

⇒ z=1-2ω2 .......(2)
When k=1, z-1=2=2 3π 3π

[ cos 3 + isin 3 ]
=2[cosㅠ+isinㅠ]=-2
⇒ z=-2+1=-1 ...........(2)
z-1=2 5π 5π

[
cos 3 + isin 3 ]
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3 ) ( )] 3

=2
π
π
[ 1 − √3

]
[
cos 3 − isin 3 = 2
=1-i√3=-2ω
] 2 + 2

[∵ ω= − 1 + i√3
⇒ 2ω = − 1 + i√3
2
⇒ -2ω=1-i√3
⇒ z=1-2ω] .........(3)
From (1), (2) and (3), the roots are -1, 1-2ω2 and 1-2ω2.

24) If ω ≠ 1 is a cube root of unity, show that 1 − ω + ω 2 ( ) + (1 + ω − ω )

6 2 6 = 128
(1-ω+ω2)6 + (1+ω-ω2)6 =128 LHS
=(1-ω+ω2)6 + (1+ω-ω2)6
=(1+ω2-ω)6 +(-ω2+ω2)6 [∵
1+ω+ω2=0
⇒ 1+ω=-ω2
⇒ 1+ω2=-ω
=(-ω-ω)6 +(-2ω2)6
=(-2ω)6+(-2ω2)6
=26.ω6+26.ω12
=26[(ω3)2+(ω3)4]
=26[1+1] [∵ ω3=1]
26 x 21 =27=128 =RHS
25) Find the fourth roots of unity.

Let z4=1
In polar form, the equation z =1can be written as
z = cos(0 + 2kπ) + isin(0 + 2kπ) = e12kπ, k=0,1,2,...
Therefore,
( ) ( )
2kπ 2kπ 2kπ , k=0,1,2,3.
1
(z) 4 = cos + isin = ei 4
4 4

Taking k = 0,1,2,3, we get

k=0, z=cos0+isin0=1

k=1, π π
z = cos () ()
2

k=2, z = cosπ + isinπ = − 1

+ isin 2= i

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k=3, 3π 3π π π
z = cos + isin = − cos − isin =i
2 2 2 2
2π
Fourth roots of unity are 1,i, −1, −i ⇒ 1,ω, ω2 and ω3 ,where ω = ei =4 i
26) 1 + cos2θ + isin2θ 30
Simplify
( 1 + cos2θ − isin2θ

Let z = cos2θ + isin2θ

)
As |z|=|z| =z =1, we get 1
2
zˉ ˉ =
z = cos2θ − isin2θ
z

Therefore 1 + cos2θ + isin2θ 1+z (1 + z)z

, = 1
= =z
1 + cos2θ − isin2θ 1+ z+1
z

Therefore 1 + cos2θ + isin2θ 30

,
( 1 + cos2θ − isin2θ
) = z30 = (cos2θ + isin2θ)30

= cos60θ + isin60θ
27) 1 1
If z = (cosθ + isinθ), show that zn + = 2cosnθ and zn − = 2isinnθ
zn zn
Let z = (cosθ + isinθ)
By de Moivre’s theorem ,
zn = (cosθ + isinθ)n = cosnθ + isinnθ
1
= z − n = cosnθ − isinnθ
zn

Therefore, 1
zn + = (cosnθ + isinnθ) + (cosnθ − isinnθ)
zn

1
zn + = 2cosnθ
zn

Similarly,
1
zn − = (cosnθ + isinnθ) − (cosnθ − isinnθ)
zn

1
zn − = 2isinnθ
zn

28) 19 − 7i 12 20 − 5i 12
Show that ( ) ( )
9+i
+
7 − 6i
is real

Consider 19 − 7i = 19 − 7i × 9 − i
9+i 9 +i 9−i
2
= 171 − 19i − 63i + 7i = 171 − 82i − 7
2 2
(9) −i 81 + 1
= 164 − 82i = 82 ( 2 − i ) =2-i
82 82
Also 20 − 5i = 20 − 5i × 7 + 6i
7 − 6i 7 − 6i 7 + 6i
2
= 140 + 120i − 35i − 30
72 − ( 6i )2
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9+i ) ( ) 7 − 6i

Let z=(2-i)12+(2+i)12
∴ ¯= ¯ ¯ ¯
z (2 − i)12 + (2 + i)12 = (2 − i)12 + (2 + i)12
[∵ ¯ ¯ ¯ ]
z1 + z2 = z1 + z2
=(2+i)12+(2-i)12=z
∴ ¯ =z ⇒ z is purely real
z
∴ 19 − 7i 12 isreal.

( ) ( )
12 20 − 5i
9+i
+ 7 − 6i

29) Obtain the Cartesian equation for the locus of z=x+iy in

|z-4|2-|z-1|2=16
|z-4|2-|z-1|2=16
|x+iy-4|2 - |x+iy-1|2=16
⇒ |(x-4)+iy|2 - |(x-1)+iy2|2=16
⇒ [(x-4)2+y2] - [(x-1)2+y2]=16
⇒ x2-8x+16+y2-[x2-2x+1+y2]=16

⇒ -6x+15-16=0
⇒ -6x-1=0
⇒ 6x+1=0 Which is the required Cartesian equation.

30)
(
If ω ≠ 1 is a cube root of unity, show that (1 + ω) 1 + ω 2 )(1 + ω )(1 + ω ). . . (1 + ω
4 8 2 11
) = 11.
(1+ω)(1+ω2)(1+ω4)(1+ω8)....(1+ω2)11 =1
LHS=(1+ω)(1+ω2)(1+ω4)(1+ω8)..2(1+ω2)11
0 1 2 11
(1 + ω2 )6((1 + ω2 )(1 + ω2 )((1 + ω2 )
[∵ ω4=ω3.ωω8=ω6.ω2]
There are 12 terms
1
=(1+ω)(1+ω2)(1+ω)(1+ω2 ... upto 12 terms
=(1+ω)6(1+ω2)6(-ω)6(-ω2)6
=(ω3)6 =16=1 =RHS.
31) Obtain the Cartesian form of the locus of z in
|2z-3-i|=3
|2z-3-i|=3
|2(x+iy)-3-i|=3
Squaring on both sides, we get
|(2x-3)+(2y-1)i|2=9
⇒ (2x-3)2+(2y-1)2=9
⇒ 4x2+4y2-12x-4y+1=0, the locus of z in Cartesian form
32) If α and β are the roots of the quadratic equation 17x2+43x−73 = 0 , construct a quadratic equation whose roots
Processainre
gmαa+th:210a0n%d β + 2.
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Since α and β are the roots of 17x 2+43x−73 = 0 , we have α + β = − 43 and αβ= − 73 .
17 17
We wish to construct a quadratic equation with roots are α + 2 and β + 2 .Thus, to construct such a quadratic equation, calculate,
the sum of the roots = α + β + 4= − 4 + 4 = 25 and
17 17
the product of the roots =αβ+2(α+β)+4= − 73
17
+2
( )
−
43
17
25
+4=
91 =0
−
91
17
Hence a quadratic equation with required roots is x2- x−
17 17
Multiplying this equation by 17, gives 17x 2−25x−91 = 0
which is also a quadratic equation having roots α + 2 and β + 2
33) If α, β and γ are the roots of the cubic equation x3+2x2+3x+4=0, form a cubic equation whose roots are, 2α, 2β, 2γ
The roots of x3+2x2+3x+4=0 are ∝,β,૪
∴ ∝ +β+૪=-co-efficient of x2=-2 ...(1)
∝ β+β૪+૪∝ =co-effficient of x=3 ...(2)
-∝ β૪=+4⇒ ∝ β૪=-4 ...(3)
Form a cubic equation whose roots are 2∝ ,2β,2૪
2∝ +2β+2૪=2(∝ +β+૪)=2(-2)=-4 [from (1)]
4∝ β+4β૪+4૪∝ =4(∝ β+β૪+૪∝ )=4(3)=12 [from (2)]
(2∝ )(2β)(2૪)=8(∝ β૪)=8(-4)=-32 [from (3)]
∴ The required cubic equation is
x3-(2∝ +2β+2૪)x2+(2∝ β+2β૪+2૪∝ )x-(2∝ )(2β)(2૪)=0
⇒ x3+(-4)x2+12x+32=0
⇒ x3+4x2+12x+32=0
34) Find the sum of squares of roots of the equation 2x4-8x+6x2-3=0.
Given equation is 2x4-8x+6x2-3=0 Here
a=2, b =-8, c= 6, d= 0, e=-3
Let ∝, β,૪ yand δ be the roots of eqn (1)
Then by Vieta's formula,
−b −(−8)
∑=α+β+γ+δ= = =4
1 a 2
c 6
∑ 2 = αβ + αγ + αδ + βγ + βδ + γδ = a = 2 = 3
−d 0
∑ 3 = αβγ + αβδ + αγδ + βγδ = a
=
a
e −3
∑ 4 = αβγδ = a = 2
Now, (a+b+c+d)2=a2+b2+c2+d2+2(ab+ac+ad+bc+cd)
⇒n∝ 2+β2+૪2+δ2=(∝+β+૪+δ)2-2(αβ + αγ + αδ + βγ + βδ + γδ)
∝ 2+β2+૪2=42-2(3)=16-6=10

√ √ √
p q n
35) If p and q are the roots of the equation lx2+nx+n = 0, show that + + =0.
q p l

Given p,q are the roots of lx2+nx+n=000

−b −n
p+q= = . . . (1)
a l
c n
pq = a = l . . . (2)

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and (√ √ √ ) q
+ p
+ l

p q n

consider (√ √ √ ) q
+ p
+ l

p q n

p q n pq qn np

= q + p +
2
l +2
[ ∵ (a + bc) = a + b + c + 2ab + 2bc + 2ca] 2 √ √ √
qb
2
+2
2
pl +2 ql

p 2 pq
+ q2

√ √ √
nl pq qp pq
⇒ + +2+2 . pq + 2 . pq + 2 . pq
2 − 2pq
(p+q) n
=
pq
+
l
+ 2 + 2 p2 + 2 q2 √ √
(p+q) 2 2pq n
= pq
− pq + l + 2 + 2p + 2q
−n2

⇒
( )- n
l

l
−n
n2 n 2n [∵ p+q= ]
⇒ n + −
l2 . l l l
l

⇒
n n
l+l−
2n
l= 0∴ (√ √ √ ) p
q+
q
p+
n 2

l
=0

Talking square root both sides, we get

√ √ √
p q n
q + p + l =0

36)

√
√2
Form a polynomial equation with integer coefficients with as a root.
√3
Since √2 is a root, x- √2 is a factor. To remove the outermost square root, we take x+ √2 as another factor and find

√ √3 √ √3 √ √3
their product.

√2
( √ )( √ )
x+
√2
√3
x−
√2
√3
=x
2 −
√3
Still we didn’t achieve our goal. So we include another factor x + 2√and get the product.
2
√3

√2 √2
(x2 − √
3
)( x2 + √
3
) = x4 −
So, 3x4-2=0 is a required polynomial equation with the integer coefficients.
2
3

Now we identify the nature of roots of the given equation without solving the equation. The idea comes from the negativity,
equality to 0, positivity of Δ=b2-4ac.
37) Solve the equation x4-9x2+20=0.
The given equation is
x4-9x2+20=0
This is a fourth degree equation. If we replace x2 by y then we get the quadratic equation y2-9y+20=0

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It is easy to see that 4 and 5 as solutions for y2-9y+20=0. Now taking x2=4 and x2=5, we get 2,-2,√5,-√5 as solutions of the given
equation.
We note that the technique adopted above can be applied to polynomial equations like x6-17x3+30=0, ax2k+bxk+c=0 and in general
polynomial equations of the form anxkn + an-1xk(n-1) + .... + a1xk+a0=0 where k is any positive integer.
38) If the roots of x3+px2+qx+r=0 are in H.P. prove that 9pqr = 27r3+2p.
Let the roots be in H.P. Then, their reciprocals are in A.P. and roots of the equation
+r=0 ⇔ rx +qx +px+1 =0 .............(1)
() () ()
1 3 1 2 1
x
+p x 3 2
+q x
Since the roots of (1) are in A.P., we can assume them as α-d,α,α+d.
Applying the Vieta’s formula, we get
Σ =(α-d)+α+(α+d)=-q ⇒ 3α = -q ⇒ α =- q .
1 r r 3r
But, we note that α is a root of (1). Therefore, we get

3r ) ( ) ( ) 3r 3r

39) Solve the following equations,

sin2x-5sinx+4=0
sin2x-5sinx+4=0 put
y=sin x
⇒ y2-5y+4=0
⇒ (y-4)(y-1)=0
⇒ y=4,1
Case(i)
When y=4, sin x=4 and no solution for sin x = 4 since the range thesine function is [-1, 1] Case (ii)
When
y = 1, sin x = 1
⇒sinx=sinπ [ π
∵ sin 2 = 1]
2
π
⇒ x = 2nπ + 2 , n ∈ Z
[ ∵ sin x = sin α ⇒ x = 2nπ + n ∈ Z].
40) Find the domain of sin−1(2−3x2)
We know that the domain of sin−1(x) is [-1,1].
This leads to−1 ≤ 2-3x2 ≤ 1, Which implies -3 ≤ -3x2 ≤ -1 Now, -
3 ≤ -3x2, gives x2 ≤ 1 and ....(1)
-3 ≤ -3x2 ≤ -1, gives x2 ≥ 1 ....(2)
2 1 1
Combining the equations (1) and (2), we get 1 ≤ x 2 ≤ 1. This is 1 ≤ | x | ≤ 1, Which gives x ∈ [ − 1, − 1 ] ∪ [ , 1]
3 √3 √3 √3
since a ≤ | x | ≤ b implies x ∈ [ − b, − a] ∪ [a, b].
2 + sinx
41) Find the domain of cos-1( )
3
By definition, the domain of yx=cos-1 x is -1 This leads to − 1 ≤ 2 + sinx ≤ 1 which is same as -3 ≤ 2+sinx ≤ 3
3
so, -5 ≤ sin x ≤ 1 reduces to -1 ≤ sin x ≤ 1, which gives
-sin-1(1) ≤ x ≤ sin − 1(1)or − π ≤ x ≤ π
2 2 π π
Thus, the domain of cos-1( 2 + sin x

3
)is[ − 2
, 2 ].
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42) Find the value of

( ()
cos cos − 1
4
5
+ sin − 1
( ))
4
5

( () ( ))
4 4
cos cos − 1 + sin − 1
5 5

4 4
cos − 1

Also
() 5
= θ ⇒ = cosθ

4
5
[using (1)]

= ()
sin − 1 5
π
= sin − 1(cosθ)
π

( ( )) [
sim − 1 sin −θ
2
∵ cosθ = sin ( 2 −θ )]
=π
−θ
2
4 4

( ()
∴ cos cos i1
5
+ sin − 1 ( ))5

= π2 [using (1) & (2)]

=
(
cos θ + − θ
π =0
)
cos
2

43) Prove that

1 1 π
tan-1 + tan − 1 =
2 3 4
(We know that tan-1 x+tan-1 y=tan-1 x + y , xy< 1
1 − xy1
Thus, tan−1 1
+
1 −11 2 3 π
+ tan = tan − 1 = tan −1
(1) =
2 3 4
1− ( )( )
1
2
1
3

44) If cos−1x+cos−1y+cos−1 z = and 0< x,y,z< 1, show that x2+y2+z2+2xyz=1

Let cos−1x=α and cos-1 y=β. Then, x=cosα and y cos=β cos-
1x+x+cos-1 y+cos-1x=πgives α+β=π -cos-1z.

Now, cos(α+β)=cosαcosβ-sinαsinβ=xy-
√1 − x 2√1 − y 2
√ √
-cos(cos-1 z)=xy 1 − x 2 1 − y 2

√ √ √2 2 2 √
so, − z = xy − 1 − x 1 − y 2, Which gives -xy-z=- 1 − x 2 1 − y 2
2

Squaring on both sides and simplifying, we get x +y +z +2xyz=1.

45) Find the value of

( ( ( )))
sin − 1 cos sin − 1
√3
2

√23
( ( ( )))
sin − 1 cos sin − 1

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Let sin − 1
() √3
2 =x

√3
⇒ = sinx
2

π
π −π π
⇒ sinx = sin
3 [ [ ]]
∵ 3ε 2, 2

π
⇒ x=
3

√3 π

( ( ( )))
∴ sin − 1 cbs sin − 1
2
= sin − 1 cos ( ( )) 3
1
= sin − 1 ()2
π
−1
Let sin = siny
6
π −π π

⇒ y=
π

6
[ [ ]]
∵
6
ε
2
,
2

√3 π

( ( ( )))
∴ sin − 1 cos sin − 1

46) Prove that tan − 1x + tan − 1

2 =
2x
6

= tan − 1
3x − x 2
,|x|<
1

1 − x2 1 − 3x2 √3
2x
LHS = tan − 1x + tan − 1
1 − x2

tan − 1
()( x+
2x
1 − x2

( ) )
2x
1−x
1 − x2

x ( 1 − x2 ) + 2x
tan − 1 1 − x2
1 − x2 − 2x2
1 − x2

(( ) [ ]
x − x3 + 2x
1
2 ∵ |x|<
tan − 1 1 −x
1 − 3x2 √3
2
1 −x

= 3x − x3

)
1 − x2
tan − 1 ×
2
−x
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[ ∵ |x| <
√3
1
⇒ x2 <
1

3
⇒ 3x3 < 1
]
= 3x − x3
tan − 1
( ) 1 − 3x2
x x−y
47) Simplify: tan − 1 − tan − 1
y x +y
x x−y
tan − 1 () y
− tan − 1 ( ) x+y

= tan − 1

( )y− x+y

x
1 + xy
( )x−y
x−y
x+y

x−y

[ ∵ tan − 1x − tan − 1y = tan − 1

( )]
1 + xy

( )
x(x+y)−y(x−y)
−1 y(x+y)
= tan y(x+y)+x(x−y)
y(x+y)

= tan-1(1)
π
=4
48) Solve:
1 − a2 1 − b2
2tan − 1x = cos − 1 − cos − 1 , a > 0, b > 0
1 + a 22 1 + b 22
2tan − 1x = cos −11−a − cos −11−b , a > 0, b > 0
1 + a2 1 + b2
Let a = tanθ b = tanϕ

∴ cos − 1 = cos − 1

( ) ( )
11 −+ aa22 11 −+ tan 2
tan2θθ

= cos − 1(cos2θ) = 2θ ...(1)

[ ∵ cos2θ =
1 − tan2θ

1 + tan2θ ]
Also 1 − b2 1 − tan 2ϕ
cos − 1
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( ) 1 + b2
= cos − 1
( ) 1 + tan2
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= cos − 1(cos2Φ)
∴ 2tan − 1x = 2θ − 2ϕ = 2(θ − ϕ)
[using (1) and (2)]
−1
⇒ tan x=θ−ϕ
tanθ − tanϕ
⇒ x = tan(θ − ϕ) =
1 + tanθtanϕ
tanA − tanB

[ ∵ tan(A − B) =
1 + tanAtanB
]
a − b which is the solution.
⇒ x=
1 + ab

49) Prove that

1 1 31
2tan-1 + tan − 1 = tan − 1
2 7 17
We know that 2tan-1 x=tan
2
-1
()
\(\frac{2x}{1-x^{2}}, -1
2

So, 1

−11 −1
2tan
2
= tan
1−
() 1
2
2 3 )
Hence,

2tan − 1
12
+ tan − 1
1
7
= tan − 1
4
3
+ tan − 1
1
=
7
tan − 1

50) A circle of area 9π square units has two of its diameters along the lines x+y=5 and x−y=1. Find the
( )
1−
4
3
1
+7

( )( )
4
3
1
7
= tan −1
( )
31
17

equation of the circle.

Area of the circle = 9π sq.units πr2
= 9π ⇒ r2 ⇒ 9 ⇒ r ⇒ 3
Diameters are x + y = 5 (1) and x - y = 1 (2)
We know that centre is the point of intersection of diameters.
∴ To find the centre, solve (1) and (2).
⇒

2x = 6
⇒ x=3
∴ (1) ⇒ 3 + y = 5
⇒ y=5-3=2
∴ Centre is (3, 2)
Hence, equation of the circle is (x -
h)2 + (y - k)2 = r2
⇒ (x - 3)2 + (y - 2)2 = 32

⇒ x2 + y2 − 6x − 4y + 4 = 0
51) Find the equation of the ellipse with foci (±2,0) , vertices (±3,0) .
SS′ = 2c and 2c =4 ; A'A=2a=6
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2 aatnh:d10a0=% 3 ,
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b2 = a2−c2=9−4=5.
Major axis is along x -axis, since a > b.
Centre (0, 0) and Foci are (±2,0) .
2 y2
Therefore, equation of the ellipse is x =1
9 5

52) Find the equation of the hyperbola with vertices (0,±4) and foci(0,±6).
the midpoint of line joining foci is the centre C(0,0).
Transverse axis is y -axis AA′ = 2a ⇒ 2a=8,
SS′ = 2c=12,c=6
a=4
b2 = c2−a2=36−16=20
2 x2
Hence the equation of the required hyperbola is y
=1
16 20

53) Find the vertex, focus, equation of directrix and length of the latus rectum of the following: y2 =16x
y2 = 16x
The given parabola is right open parabola and 4a = 16 ⇒ a = 4.
(a) Vertex is (0, 0)
⇒ h = 0, k= 0
(b) focus is (h + a, 0 + k)
⇒ (0 + 4, 0 + 0) = (4, 0)
(c) Equation of directrix is x = h - a
⇒ x=0-4 ⇒ x=-4
(d) Length of latus rectum is 4a = 16.
54) Identify the type of conic and find centre, foci, vertices, and directrices of each of the following:
x2 y2
25
+ = 1
9
x2 y2
25
+ 9= 1
This is an equation of the ellipse.
2 5 2 2 2 2
a =2 math:
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=9 and c =a + b
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⇒ c2 =25 + 9 =16 ⇒ c =4
(a) Center is (0, 0) ⇒ h = 0, k = 0
(b) foci are (h - c, k), (h + c, k)
⇒ (0 - 4, 0), (0 + 4, 0)
⇒ (-4, 0) and (4, 0)
(c) Vertices are (h - a, k) and (h + a, k)
⇒ (0 - 5, 0) and (0 + 5, 0)
⇒ (-5, 0) and (5, 0)
(d) Directrices are x = a
±e
⇒ x= 5
±e
9 16 4

e= 1−
ab22
=
√ 1− =
√ =

√
25 25

∴ Directrice are x= 5 25
± 4
⇒ x=± 4
5 5

55) Identify the type of conic and find centre, foci, vertices, and directrices of each of the following :
(x−3)2 (y−4)2
225
+ 289
=1
2 2
(x−3) (y−4)
225
+ 289
=1
2
Given equation is ( x − 3 ) + (y−4)2
=1
225 289
This is an equation of the ellipse a2 = 289, b2 = 225 and c2 = a2 + b2 ⇒ 289 - 225 = 64 ⇒ c = 8.
225 289 − 225
e=

√
289
= 1− =
ab22

√√
289

64 8

=
√ 289
= 17

(a) Center is (3, 4) ⇒ h = 3, k= 4

(b) fociare (h,k+c), (h,k-c)
⇒ (3, 4 + 8), (3, 4 - 8) ⇒ (3, 12), (3,-4)
(c) Verticesare (h, k - a), (h, k + a)
⇒ (3, 4 -17), (3, 4 + 17) ⇒ (3, -13), (3, 21)
(d) Equations of directrices are y - 4 = a
±e
17 − 289
⇒ y−4=± +4⇒ y−4=± +4
8 8
17
289 − 289
⇒y = + 4 and y = +4
8 8
289 + 32 and y = − 289 + 32
⇒ y=
2 8
321 and − 257
⇒y = y=
8 8
56) A semielliptical archway over a one-way road has a height of 3m and a width of 12m. The truck has a width of 3m and a
height of 2.7m. Will the truck clear the opening of the archway?
Since the truck’s width is 3m, to determine the clearance, we must find the height of the archway 1 5 . m from the
2
centre. If this height is 2 7 . m or less the truck will not clear the archway. From the diagram a = 6 and b =1 5 . yielding the equation of ellipse as x +
y2
=1
62 32
The edge of the 3m wide truck corresponds tox=1.5m. We will find the height of the
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archway 1 5 . m from the centre by substituting x =1 5 . and solving for y
()3 2
2
y2
=1
36 9

9 ( 135 )
=
144 )
144 135
16
√135
y= 4
= 2.90
Thus the height of arch way 1.5m from the centre is approximately2.90m . Since the truck’s height is 2 7 . m, the truck will clear the
archway.
57) The parabolic communication antenna has a focus at 2m distance from the vertex of the antenna. Find the width of the
antenna 3m from the vertex.
Let the parabola be y2 = 4ax .
Since focus is 2m from the vertex a = 2
Equation of the parabola is y2 = 8x
Let P be a point on the parabola whose x -coordinate is 3m from the vertex P
(3, y)
y2 = 8×3
y =√8 × 3
=2√6
The width of the antenna 3m from the vertex is 4√6 m.

58) If D is the midpoint of the side BC of a triangle ABC, then show by vector method that
→ → → →
| | | | | | | |
2 2 2 2
AB AC = AD BD )
2(
+ +

Let A be the origin, →

b be the position vector of B and →
c be the position vector of C . Now D is the midpoint of BC , and so the position
ˆ
vector of D b+ ĉ. There, we get
2

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= ..........(1)

)( )
→ → →
b+ b +c 1
→
AD = AD. AD =
→ → → c
.
4( |b |
→ 2
+ |→
c | 2 + 2b. →
c)
→

| | (
2 2
2
Now, → → → =b+c → → → →→
b −c
BD = AD − AB 2
−b = 2
Then, we get, = → 2 → →= → → = .........(2)

| | ( )( )
→ →
c+ c+ 1 → 2 →
BD = BD. BD 2b
. 2b 4( |b | →
+ | c | + 2b. c )
2 →

Now, adding (1) and (2), we get

Therefore, → →
| | | |
2 2 1 1 1
AD BD 4
| |
( b
→ 2 →
+ |c | 2 + 2b. c ) +
→ →

4
| |
→
( b
2 → → →
+ |c | 2 − 2b. c ) =
2
| |
→
( b
2 →
+ |c | 2 )

+ =

⇒ → → → →
| | | |
2 2

| | | |
2 2 1
AD + BD = 2( AB AC )

Hence, → → → →
| | | | | | | |
2 2 2 2
AD BD = AB AC )
2(
+ +

59) ^ ^ ^ ˆ ^ ˆ
A particle acted upon by constant forces 2j + 5j + 6k and − i − 2j − k is displaced from the point
(4, −3, −2) to the point (6, 1, −3) . Find the total work done by the forces.
^ + ^
Resultant of the given forces is =^ ^ ˆ = ^ ^
F̂ 2j + 5j + 6k − i − 2j − k̂ î + 3j + 5k
Let A and B be the points (4, −3, −2) and (6, 1, −3) respectively. Then the displacement vector of the particle is
→ → → ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^
→
d = AB = OB − OA = (6i + 4j − 3k) − (4i − 3j − 2k) = 2i + 4j − k̂
Therefore the work done w = → → ˆ ^ ^ ^ ^ = 9 units.
ˆ
f . d = ( i + 3j − 5k). (2j + 4j − k)
60) Prove by vector method that if a line is drawn from the centre of a circle to the midpoint of a chord, then the line is perpendicular
to the chord.

Let the position vectors of the parts A and B on the circle lie → →
a and b respectively. Since O is the
centre of the circle
→ → .............(1)
→
| OA | = | OB | ⇒ | →a| = |b|
Also D is the mid-point of AB,
⇒ →
→
(mid-point formula)
→

a+b
OD =
2
→ →
( )
→
→

a+b
. (OB − OA)
2

= → →
( )
→
→
a+b
. (Ob
2
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O
a
)
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=
1
2|b|
[ → 2
−|a|
→2
]
=
[ ∵ (a + b). (b − a) = | b |
→ → → → →
2 →
− |a |2 ]
1
→ 2
→ 2
2| b| −|b|
= (using (1))

2
⇒ → →
[
= 1 (0)=0

→ →
OD. AB = 0 ⇒ OD⊥ AB
]
Hence, if a line is drawn from the centre of a to the mid-point of a chord, then that line is perpendicular to the chord.
61) Prove by vector method that the median to the base of an isosceles triangle is perpendicular to the base.

Let ABC be an isosceles triangle with AB = AC and let D be the mid-point of BC. Taking A
as the origin, let the position vectors of B and C be →
b and →
c respectively.
The p.v of D= → → → →
b+c → →
, AB = b, AC = c
2
Now → - p.v. of
→→

→ b+c →
AD = p. vD 2− 0
=1 →
(b + →
c)
2
→
and =p.v. of C - p.v. of B= →
→
BC c −b
∴ → → 1 → →

AD. BC = 2 (b + →
c ). (→
c − b)
⇒ → → 1 → →
→ →
AD. BC = 2 {( c + b). ( c − b)}
=1 { | →
c | 2 − | b 2 | } [∵ AB=BC]
2
= 1 (AC2-AB2)= 1 (AC2-AC2)
2 2
=0 [∵ AB=AC]
∴ → →
AD⊥ BC ⇒ AD⊥ BC
Hence the median AD is perpendicular to the base BC of ΔABC.
62) Prove by vector method that an angle in a semi-circle is a right angle.

ProcessLinegt m
Oabthe: 1th00e%centre of the semi-circle and AA1 be the diameter. Let P be any point on the circumference of the semi
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circle. Taking O as the origin, let the position vectors of A and P be a and →
r respectively. Then, p.v. of A1
is − →
a
Now, → =(p.v. of P) - Cp.v. of A) =
→ →
AP r −a
and → =(p.v. of P) - (p.v. of A1)
A1P
=→
r −(−→
a)
=→ →
r +a
∴ → →
AP. A 1P = (→
r −→a). (→
r +→
a) = | →
r | 2 − |→
a|2
⇒ → → =OP - OA =(radius) - (radius)
AP. A1P 2 2 2 2

=0
⇒ → → ⇒ ㄥAPA = π
AP. A1 P 1
2
Hence, angle in a semi-circle is a right angle.
63) Prove by vector method that the diagonals of a rhombus bisect each other at right angles.

Let OACB be a rhombus. Taking O as the origin, let the position vectors of A and B be → →
a and b respectively.
Then → and → → [∵
→ →]
OA = →
a OB = b AC = OB
So, the p.v. of C is → →
a+b →
∴ Position vector O f the miid-point of OC is →

a+b
→ 2
→
Similarly, the position vector of mid-point of AB is .
a+b
2
Hence, the mid-point of OC coincides with the mid-point of AB.
Now, → → → → →

OC. AB = (→
a + b). (b − →
a) = | b | 2 − | →
a|2
=OB2-OA2=0 [∵ OB=OA]
⇒ → →
OC⊥AB.
Hence, the diagonals of a rhombus bisect each other at right angles.
64) Using vector method, prove that if the diagonals of a parallelogram are equal, then it is a rectangle

Let ABCD be a parallelogram such that its diagonals AC and BD are equal. Taking A as the origin, let the p.v. of B and D be → →
b and d

respectively.
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Then → → and
→ →
AB = b AD = d
Using triangle law of addition of vectors is ΔaBC, we get
→ → →
AB + BC = AC
→ → →
⇒ AB + AD = AC
→
→ →
⇒ b + d = AC
Using triangle law of addition of vectors in ΔABD, we get → → →
AB + BD = AD
⇒ →
→ →

b + BD = d
⇒ → → →

BD = d − b
In parallelogram ABCD we have AC = BD
⇒ → →
| AC | = | BD |
⇒ → →
2 = | BD | 2
| AC |
⇒ → → → →
|b + d |2 = |d − b |2

⇒ → → → → =0
4(b. d) = 0 ⇒ b. d = 0
⇒ → →
b⊥ d
⇒ → →
AB⊥AD
Hence, ABCD is a rectangle.
65) → →
Prove by vector method that the area of the quadrilateral ABCD having diagonals AC and 2
1
| AC × BC
| .

Vector area of quadrilateral ABCD

= vector area of ΔABC + vector area of ΔACD
1 → → 1 → →
2 (AB × AC) + 2 (AC × AD)
= 1 → → 1 → →
− 2 (AC × AB) + 2 (AC × AD)

[∵ b×→
→
a = − (→a × b)
→
]
=1 → → →
2
. AC × ( − AB + AD)
=1 → → → → →
AC × (BA + AD) [ ∵ AB = − BA]
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=1 → → [By Δ law of addition]
2
AC × BD
∴ Area of the quadrilateral ABCD =1 → →
2 AC ×
66) BD ^ ^ ^
Find the magnitude and direction cosines of the torque of a force represented by 3i + 4j − 5k about the point
^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^
with position vector 2i − 3j + 4k acting through a point whose position vector is 4i + 2j − 3k.
Given →
F = 3î + 4ĵ − 5k̂
→
r =(Force acting through the point) - (force acting to the point)
=(4î + 2ĵ − 3k̂) − (2î − ĵ + 4k̂)
=2î + 5ĵ − 7k̂
Torque=→c = r̂ × F̂
=

| − −
î ĵ k̂ 5 2 2 5
| | | | |
2 5 −7
3 4 −5
| = î

î = î ( − 25 + 28) − ĵ ( − 10 + 21) + ĵ (8 − 15)

7
4
5
−
− ĵ 7
3
5
−
+ k̂
34 |
=3î − 11ĵ − 7k̂

∴ MagnitudeoftheTorque =
√3 2 + ( − 11) 2 + ( − 7) 2
=√9 + 121 + 49 = √179

3 − −
, 11 ,
Hence, the direction cosines are √ . √179 179 7

67) → ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ →→ ˆ ˆ ˆ
If a = i − 2 j + 3k, b = 2 i + j + k, c = 3 i + 2 j + k find
( √179
)
→ → →
(i) (a × b) × c
→
→ →
(ii) a × (b × c)
Given → → →
a = î − 2ĵ + 3k̂, b = 2î + ĵ + k̂ and c = 3î + 2ĵ + k̂

| |
î ĵ k̂
→
(i) (→
a × b)= 1 −2 3
2 1 −2

1 −2 | | 2 − | | 2 1 |
2

=î (4-3)-ĵ (-2-6)+k̂(1+4)

=î + 8ĵ + 5k̂

| |
î ĵ k̂
→ → →
(a × b) × c 1 8 5
= 3 2 1

8 5 ^
=î
| 2 1 | | −j 315
1
| | + k̂
328
1 |
=î (8-10)-ĵ (1-15)+k̂(2-24)
=− 2î + 14ĵ − 22k̂
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→
(ii) →
a × (b × →
c)

→
b×→
c= 2 1 −

2
|| | |
1
î 2
3
ĵ
2

−j
k̂
1

3 1 | |
+k 3 2 |
= î (1+4)-ĵ (2+6)+k̂ (4-3)=5î − 8ĵ + k̂
∴

→ →

a × (b × c) =

−2 −
→

| î
1
5
−2
−8
ĵ k̂
3
1 | −2
=î
| 3
| | − ĵ | 1
5 −8 |
−8 1
=î (-2-24)-ĵ (1-15)+k̂(-8-10)
1
5 3
1
| + k̂

22î + 14ĵ + 2k̂.

68) → → → → → →

Prove that [a − b, b − c, c − a] = 0
LHS= → → → → → → =0
[a − b, b − c , c − a]
[∵ cross product is distributive] (→
a
→ →
− b). [(b − →
c ) × (→
c −→
a)]
→ → →
=(→
a − b). [(b × →
c −b×→
a−→
c ×→
c +→
c ×→
a)
→ → →
=(→
a − b). [b × →
c −b×→
a−0+→
c ×→
a]
→ →
[ ∵ c × c = 0]
→ →→ → →→ →→ → →→→ →→→ →→ →
=[a b c ] − [a b a] + [a c a] − [b b c ] + [b b a] − [b c a]
→ →→ →→ →
=[a b c ] − 0 + 0 − 0 + 0 − [b c a]
→ →→ →→→
=[ ∵ [a b a] = [b b c ] = 0]
→ →→ → →→
=[a b c ] − [a b c ]
=0=RHS.
69) The vertices of ΔABC are A(7, 2, 1),B(6,0,3) , and C(4, 2, 4) . Find ∠ ABC .

The direction ratios of AB is (6-

7, 0- 2, 3 - 1) = (-1, - 2, 2)
[∵ (x2-x1), (y2-y1), (z2-z1)]
Also direction ratios of BC is

Process(i4
ng- m
6,a2th:- 100,04%- 3) = (- 2, 2, 1)
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Product of direction ratios is (-
1) (- 2) + (- 2) (2) + 2 (1)
=2 - 4 + 2 [∵ if two lines are 丄r there d.r's d, b, +d2b2 + d3b3 =0]
=4-4=0
Hence AB 丄 BC
ㄥABC= π .
2
70) Find the equation of the plane passing through the intersection of the planes 2x+3y−z+7=0 and andx+y−2z+5=0 and is
perpendicular to the planex+y−3z−5=0.
The equation of the plane passing through the intersection of the planes 2x+3y−z+7=0 and x+y−2z+5=0 is (2x+3y−z+7)+λ
(x+y−2z+5) =0 or
(2+λ )x+ (3+λ )y+ (−1−2λ )z+ (7+5λ) = 0
since this plane is perpendicular to the given plane x+y−3z−5=0, the normals of these two planes are perpendicular to each other.
Therefore, we have
(1)(2+λ)+(1)(3+λ)+(−3)(−1−2λ)z = 0
which implies that λ = −1. Thus the required equation of the plane is
(2x+3y−z+7)−(x+y−2z+5) =0 ⇒x+2y+z+2=0 .

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RAVI MATHS TUITION CENTER . PH - 8056206308

12TH MATHS IMP 5 MARKS
Date : 20-Aug-19
12th Standard

Maths Reg.No. :

CHANNEL NAME - SR MATHS TEST PAPERS

FREE VIDEOS AND ANSWERS FOR THIS PAPERS AVAILABLE IN MY
YOUTUBE CHANNEL
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YOUTUBE LIKE AND SUBSCRIBE FOR
REGULAR UPDATES
Time : 04:00:00 Hrs

Total Marks : 500

20X5=100
1) If (x1+iy1)(x2+iy2)(x3+iy3)...(xn+iyn) =a+ib, show that
i) (x12+y12)(x22+y2 2)(x3 2+y3 2)...(x 2
n +y
2 2
n )=a +b
2

b
n
ii) ∑ r = 1 tan − 1
()
yr

xr
= tan − 1
() a
+ 2kπ, kϵZ

( ) ()
yr
−1
i) ∑n tan − 1 + 2kπ, kϵZ
r=1 xr + = tan a

(x1+iy1)(x2+iy2) ....(xn+iyn) =a+ib

arg(x1+iy1)(x2+iy2) ....(xn+iyn)) =arg(a+ib)
⇒ arg(x1+iy1)+arg(x2+iy2)+...+arg(xn+iyn)=arg(a+ib)
(∵ arg(z1z2....zn)=argz1+arg z2+...+argzn)
⇒

tan − 1
() ()y1
x1
+ tan − 1
y2
x2
+ . . . + tan − 1
()
yn
xn

a )
⇒

ii)
n

()
y

r a )
∑n
r=1
tan − 1 + = tan − 1
() + 2kπ, kϵZ

( )
yxrr ab

(x1+iy1)(x2+iy2) ....(xn+iyn) =a+ib

arg(x1+iy1)(x2+iy2) ....(xn+iyn)) =arg(a+ib)
⇒ arg(x1+iy1)+arg(x2+iy2)+...+arg(xn+iyn)=arg(a+ib)
(∵ arg(z1z2....zn)=argz1+arg z2+...+argzn)
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⇒
tan − 1
() ()
y1

x1
+ tan − 1
y2

x2
+ . . . + tan − 1
()
yn

xn

a )
n
⇒ Σr = 1 yr
tan − 1
() xr
= tan − 1

zˉ + 1
b

()
a
2kπ k ∈ Z.

2) Find the locus of z if Re

Let z = x+iy ⇒ zˉ =x+iy

( ) zˉ − i
=0.

ˉ
∴ z+ 1 = z − iy + 1 = ( x + 1 ) iy
z−1 x − iy − i x−i(y+1)
= ( x + 1 ) − iy × x+i(y+1)
x−i(y+1) x+i(y+1)
Choosing the real part alone we get,
x ( x + 1 ) + y ( y + 1 ) =0
x 2 + ( y + 1 )2
⇒ x(x+1) + y(y+1) =0
⇒ x2+x+y2+y=0 which is the locus of z.
3) Solve the cubic equation : 2x3−x2−18x+9=0 if sum of two of its roots vanishes.
Since sum of two of its roots vanishes, let the roots be ∝ ,-∝ and β
−b 1
α−α+β= =
a 2
⇒ β=
1 2

Also, αβγ = − d
a
1 −9
⇒ α(
2
− α)( 2 ) = 2
α 9 2
⇒ = 9 ⇒α = ± 3
2=2⇒ α
⇒ α=3
∴ The roots are 3,-3 and 1 .
2
4) Solve the equation 9x-36x2+44x-16=0 if the roots form an arithmetic progression.
Here, a = 9, b = - 36, c = 44, d= -16
Since the rootsform an arithmetic progression,
Let the roots be a - d, a and a + d
Sum of the roots = − b
a
− ( − 36 )
⇒ (a − d) + (a) + (a + d) = =4
9
4
⇒ 3a = 4 ⇒ a =
3
−d
and product of the roots
= a
− ( − 16 ) 16
= 9
= 9
16
⇒ (a − d)(a)(a + d) =
9
16
(a 2 − d 2 (a) =) 9

9 )( ) 3 9 3
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16 16 3 4
9
− d2 = 9
×4 =3
16 4 16 3 4
− = d2 = × =
9 3 9 4 3
16 4
9
− 3= d2
16 − 12 4
⇒ d2 = 9
=9

√
49 23
⇒ d= ± =
∴ The roots are a-d,a,a+d
4 2 4 4 2 2 4
⇒ − , , + ⇒ , ,2
3 3 3 3 3 3 3
5) Solve the equation 3x3-26x2+52x-24=0 if its roots form a geometric progression.
Given cubic equation is 3x3-26x2+52x-24=0
Here, a = 3, b = -2b, c = 52,d = -24.
Since the roots form an geometric progression,
The roots are a a, ar, sum of the roots= − b
a r 26 a
⇒ + a + ar = . . . (1)
r 3
−d
and product of the roots
a

a=2

∴ (1) becomes 2 +2+2r= 26

r 3
2 + 2r + 2r2 26 1 + r + r2 13
⇒ r
= 3
⇒ r
= 3
⇒ 3 + 3r + 3r2 = 13r ⇒ 3r2 − 10r + 3 =0
⇒ (r − 3)(3r − 1) = 0 ⇒ r = 3
The roots are a ,a, and ar
∴ r
2 2
⇒ , 2 and 2(3) ⇒ m2 and 6
3 3
6) Solve the following equations,
sin2x-5sinx+4=0
sin2x-5sinx+4=0
put y=sin x
⇒ y2-5y+4=0
⇒ (y-4)(y-1)=0
⇒ y=4,1
Case(i)
When y=4, sin x=4 and no solution for sin x = 4 since the range thesine function is [-1, 1]
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Case (ii)
When
y = 1, sin x = 1
⇒ sinx=sin π [ sin π2 = 1]
2
∵
π
⇒ x = 2nπ + 2 , n ∈ Z
[ ∵ sin x = sin α ⇒ x = 2nπ + n ∈ Z].
7) Find all real numbers satisfying 4x-3(2x+2)+25=0

4x-3(2x+2)+25=0

( ) − 3(2 )(2 ) + 2
⇒ 22
x x 2 5 =0

(2 ) − 3 (2 )(2 ) = 0
x 2 x 2

(2 ) − 12 (2 ) + 32 = 0
x 2 x

Put 2x = y
y2 − 12y + 32 = 0
(y-8)(y-4)=0
y=8,4
Case (i) when y = 8, 2x = 8 ⇒ 2x = 23 ⇒ x = 3
Case (ii) when y = 4, 2x = 4 ⇒ 2x = 22x = ± 2.
∴ The roots are 2,3, -2.
8) If α, β and γ are the roots of the cubic equation x3+2x2+3x+4=0, form a cubic equation whose roots are
1 1 1
, ,γ
α β
The roots of x3+2x2+3x+4=0 are ∝ ,β,૪
∴ ∝ +β+૪=-co-euicient of x2=-2 ...(1)
∝ β+β૪+૪∝ =co-euficient of x=3 ...(2)
-∝ β૪=+4⇒ ∝ β૪=-4 ...(3)
From the cubic equation whose roots are 1 1 1

, ,
α β γ
1 1 1 βγ + γα + αβ 3 −3
α
+β+γ= αβγ −4
=4

=
1 1 1 γ+α+β −2 1
αβ
+ βγ + γα
= αβγ
= − 4= 2

α )( )( )
β γ αβγ −4 4

∴ The required cubic equation is

3
α β
3 2
γ
1
) ( 1
αβ βγ γα ) ( α β γ )
⇒
x + 4x + 2x + 4= 0
Multiplying by 4 we get,
4x3+3x2+2x+1=0
9) Solve the cubic equations:
8x3-2x2-7x+3=0
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Let.f(x) = 8x3- 2x2 - 7x +3 = 0
Here sum of the co-euicients of odd terms
= 8-7=1
and sum of the co-euicients of even terms
= -2 +3 = 1
Hence, x = - 1 is a root of f(x)
Let us divide.f{x) by (x + 1)

∴ The other factor is 8x2 - 10x + 3

10 ± √100 − 4 ( 8 ) ( 3 )
⇒ x= 2×8
10 ± √100 − 96 10 ± 2
⇒ x= ⇒ x= 16
16
12
⇒ x= 16
or
8 3 1
x = 16 ⇒ x = 4 , 2 .
∴ The roots are -1, 1 , 3
2 4
10) Find
i) tan−1(− √3)
3π
ii) tan−1(tan )
5
iii) tan(tan-1−(2019))

3 )) 3 3 ( )
2 2

Let us find θ ∈
5 ) ππ
such that tan =tan 3π
( − 2 , 2) θ 5
Since the tangent function has period π, tan 3π = tan( 3π − π) = tan( − 2π )
5 5 5

5 ) ( ( )) 5 5 5 ( )
22

Since tan(tan-1 x)=x,x∈ R,We have tan(tan-1(2019))=2019

x x−y
11) Simplify: tan − 1 − tan − 1
y x+y
x x−y
tan − 1 ()y
− tan − 1 ( ) x+y

= tan − 1

( )
1 +xy
y− x+y

x
( ) x−y
x−y
x+y
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x−y

[ ∵ tan − 1x − tan − 1y = tan − 1

( )]
1 + xy

( )
x(x+y)−y(x−y)
−1 y(x+y)
= tan y(x+y)+x(x−y)
y(x+y)

= tan-1(1)
π
= 4
12) Solve: 2
−21 1 − −11−b
−1 a

2tan x = cos − cos , a > 0, b > 0

1 + a22 1 + b22
−1 −11−a −11−b
2tan x = cos − cos , a > 0, b > 0
1 + a2 1 + b2
Let a = tanθ b = tanϕ

∴ cos − 1 = cos − 1
11 −+ aa22 2

( ) ( )
11 −+ tan
tan2θθ

= cos − 1(cos2θ) = 2θ ...(1)

1 − tan2θ

[ ∵ cos2θ = 1 + tan2θ ]
Also 1 − b2 1 − tan 2ϕ
cos − 1
( )
1 + b2
= cos −1
( )
1 + tan2

= cos − 1(cos2Φ)
∴ 2tan − 1x = 2θ − 2ϕ = 2(θ − ϕ)
[using (1) and (2)]
⇒ tan − 1x = θ − ϕ
tanθ − tanϕ
⇒ x = tan(θ − ϕ) =
1 + tanθtanϕ
tanA − tanB

[ ∵ tan(A − B) =
1 + tanAtanB
]
a − b which is the solution.
⇒ x=
1 + ab
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13) Find the value of

i
tan
[[ (( ))
1
2sin − 1
2a 2 1+ cos
1+a 2

(( )])]
− 1 1 −+a
a 2

2
2

tan
1
sin − 1
2a 1 −11−a
+ 2 cos
2 1 + a2 1 + a2

Let a=tanθ.
Now,

tan
[ ( )
1
2sin − 1
2a 2 +12 cos
1+a

( )] [ ( )
1+ 2
− 1 1 2− a
a = tan
12
sin − 1
1 + tan2θ 1
2tanθ
cos
+2

( )]
1 + tan22θ
− 1 1 − tan θ

14) 2
(sin2θ) +
m
2
m−n
]
cos (cos2θ) = tan[2θ] =
π
1 − tan 2θ
1 − a2

Prove that tan − 1

( ) n − tan − 1
( ) m+n = 4

LHS = m m−n
tan − 1 () n − tan − 1 ( ) m+n

( )
m m−n

m m−n
tan − 1 n−m+n

1+ n ( ) m+n

( )
m(m+n)−n(m−n)
m(m+n)
tan − 1 n(m+n)+m(m−n)
n(m+n)

= m2 + n 2

=
tan − 1

π
( ) m2 + n 2
= tan − 1(1)

= RHS
4

15) Hence proved. x+1 π

x−1

( )
Solve: tan − 1 x − 2 + tan − 1
( ) x+2 = 4

x−1 x+1 π
tan − 1 ( ) x−2 + tan − 1 ( ) x+2 = 4
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()
x−1 x+1
x−2+ x+2 π
⇒ tan − =
1 4
1− ( )( )
x−1
x−2
x+1
x+2

2x2 − 4
⇒ =1
x2 − 4 − x2 + 1

⇒ 2x2-4 =-3
⇒ 2x2-4=-3
⇒ 2x2 = -3 + 4 = 1
1
⇒ x2 =
2

1
⇒ x=
√2

16)
Solve tan − 1 + cot − 1 = ,x>0

( ) ( )
1 −2xx 2
2xx 2
1− π 3

tan − 1 + tan − 1 =
12x− x2

( ) ( ) 12x− x2 π 3

[ ∵ co − 1 () x = tan − 1(x) ]
⇒ 2tan − 1 =

( ) 12x− x2 π 3

−1
⇒ tan =
12x− x2

( () )
π 6
π 1
2x
⇒ = tan =
1 − x2 6 √3
2
⇒ 2√3x = 1 − x
⇒ x2 + 2√3x − 1 = 0
− 2√3 ± √12 − 4(1)( − 1)
⇒ x=
2
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[ √b
2

]
−b± − 4ac
∵ x=
2a

− 2√3 ± √16 − 2√3 ± 4

⇒ x= ⇒ x=
2 2

− √32± 2
⇒ x=2
⇒ x = − √3 ± 2 ( )
⇒x = − 2 − √3 or − 2 − √3
Since x > 0, x = − 2 − √3 is not possible
∴ x = 2 − √3
17) 1 1 1−x

Prove that tan − 1√x = cos

=
−1
2
( )
cos − 1
1+x
, xϵ|0, 1|

LHS = 1
tan − 1√x =
2
.2tan − 1 (√x )
=
1
(√x )2
( )
1 1−
cos − 1
2 (
. 2tan − 1 (√x ) ) = 2 1+ (√x )2
1 − x2

[ ∵ tan − 1x = cos −1
( )]
1 + x2

= 1 1−x
2 cos
−1
( )
1+x

=RHS
Hence proved .
18) Find the equation of the ellipse in each of the cases given below:
1
(i) foci(±3 0),e =
2
(ii) foci (0,±4)and end points of major axis are(0,±5).
3
(iii) length of latus rectum 8, eccentricity = and major axis on x -axis.
5
(iv) length of latus rectum 4 , distance between foci4 √2 and major axis as y - axis.
(i) foci (±3 0),e = 1
2
Since foci are (±ae, 0)
⇒ ae = 3
⇒ a. 1 = 3
2
⇒a = 6
Centre is (0, 0)
and b2 = a2 (1 - e2)

4 )
4 )
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⇒ b2 = 27
∴ Equation of the ellipse is x2 y2
+ =1
36 27
x2 y2
36
+ 27 = 1
(ii) Foci (0, ±4) and end points of major axis
are (0, ±5)
Since foci are (0, ±be) ⇒be = 4
End points of major axis are (0, ±5)
⇒b = 5
∴ 5(e) = 4
⇒e = 4
5
Also, a2 = b2(1 - e2)

25 ) ( ) 25

⇒a2 = 9
Equation of the ellipse is x2 y2
+ =1
a2 b 2
⇒ x2 y2
+ =1
9 25
(iii) Length of latusectrum = 8, e = 3
and major axis on x-axis .
5
2
Given 2b
= 8, e =
3
a 5
b2 = 4a
b2 = a2(1- e2)

25 )
25 )
100 = a(16)
a = 100 = 25
⇒ a2 =
625
16 4 16
25
b2 = 4× = 25
4
Since major axis is on x-axis, equation of the ellipse is
⇒( x − 0 ) + ( y − 0 ) = 1
2 2

a2 b2
⇒ x2 y2
625 + 25 = 1
16
⇒ x2 y2
625 + 25 = 1
(iv) Length
2
of latusrectum = 4, distance between foci = 4√2 major axis is y-axis
Given 2b = 4 and distance between foci = 2ae = 4 2

a √
⇒ ae = 2√2
⇒ a2e2 = 8 ....(1)
2b2
= 4 ⇒ b2 = 2a ...(2)
a
We know b2 = a2(1 - e2)
b2 = a 2 - a 2 e 2
2a = a2 - 8
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[using (1) and (2)]
a2 - 2a - 8 = 0
On factorising we get
(a - 4)(a + 2) = 0
a = 4 or-2
a =4
⇒ [∴ a = -2 is not possible]
⇒ ae = 16
∴ From (2), b2 = 2(4) = 8
Hence, the equation of the ellipse is
x2 y2
+ = 1 [∵ Major axis is y -axis]
8 16
19) Find the equation of the hyperbola in each of the cases given below:
3
(i) foci(±2,0), eccentricity =
2
(ii) Centre (2,1) , one of the foci (8,1) and corresponding directrix x = 4.
(iii) passing through(5,−2)and length of the transverse axis along x axis and of length 8 units.

2 ) 3

b2 = a2(e2 - 1)

⇒ b2 = 4×5 20
9 = 9
∴ Equation of the hyperbola is x2 y2
− =1
a2 b2
⇒ x2 y2
− =1
16 20
9 9

⇒ 9x2 9y2
16
− 20
=1
(ii) ae = distance between centre and focus
√
ae = (8 − 2) 2 − (1− 1) 2 = 6 2 = 6 ...(1) √
Also a

e
= √ (4− 2) 2 + (1− 1) 2 = √2 2 = 2
[∴ (4, 1) is a point on the directrix]

⇒ a2 = 12
(1) ➝a2e2 = 36
12(e2) = 36
⇒ e2 = 3
⇒ e = √3
Also, b2 = a2(e2 - 1)= 12(3- 1)= 12(2)= 24
∴ Equation of the hyperbola is
(x−h)2 (y−k)2
− =1
a2 b2
⇒ (x−2) 2 (y−1)2

12
− 24 =1
(iii) Passing through (5, -2) length of the transverse axis is a long x-axis and of length 8 units.
2a = 8 ⇒ a=4
Since the transverse axis is along x-axis, centre is (0, 0)
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Equation of the hyperbola is
x2 y2
− =1
16 b2
Since (5, -2)passes through the parabola,
25 4 4 25 25 − 16 9
16 − b2 ⇒ b2 = 16 − 1= 16
= 16
∴ b2 = 16 × 4 = 64
9 9
∴ Equation of the hyperbola is
x2 y2 x2 9y2
− = 1 ⇒ 16 − 64 = 1
16 64
9

20) A straight line passes through the point (1, 2, −3) and parallel to 4î + 5ĵ − 7k̂. Find
(i) vector equation in parametric form
(ii) vector equation in non-parametric form
(iii) Cartesian equations of the straight line.
The required line passes through (1, 2, −3). So, the position vector of the point is î + 2ĵ − 3k̂.
Let → a = î + 2ĵ − 3k̂ and b = 4î + 5ĵ − 7k̂. Then, we have
→

(i) vector equation of the required straight line in parametric form is → a + tb , t ∈ R

r =→
→

Therefore, →r = (î + 2ĵ − 3k̂) + t(4î + 5ĵ − 7k̂), t ∈ R

(ii) vector equation of the required straight line in non-parametric form is (→
r −→
→ →
a) × b = 0
Therefore, → →
r = (î + 2ĵ − 3k̂) + t(4î + 5ĵ − 7k̂) = 0
(iii) Cartesian equations of the required line are x − x1 y − y1 z − z1
b1 b2 = b3=
Here, (x1, y1, z1 ) = (1, 2, −3) and direction ratios of the required line are proportional to 4, 5, −7 . Therefore, Cartesian equations of
the straight line are x − 1 = y − 2 = z + 3
4 5 −7
80 x 5 = 400
21)
−6

[ ]
8 2
If A = −6 7 4 , verify thatA(adj A)=(adj A)A = |A| I 3.
2 −4 3

We find that |A| = = 8(21 - 16) + 6(-18 + 8) + 2(24 - 14) = 40 - 60 + 20 = 0

2 −4 3
By the definition of adjoint, we get
| 8 −6 2
−6 7 4
|
adj A =
(21 − 16) − ( − 18 + 8) (24 −

[ ] [ ]
T 5 10 10
− 14)
( − 18 + 8) (24 − 4) − (32 + 12) = 10 20 20
(24 − 14) − ( − 32 + 12) (56 − 36) 10 20 20

So, we get
A(adj A) = [ 8 −6 2
][ 5 10 10
]
−6 7 − 10 20 20
4 10 20 20
2 −4 3
=
= 0I = |A|I ,

[ 40 − 60 + 20

10 − 40 + 30
80 − 120 + 40 80 − 120 + 40
− 30 + 70 − 40 − 60 + 140 − 80 − 60 + 140 − 80
20 − 80 + 60 20 − 80 + 60
][ ]=
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3 3
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Similarly, we get

10 20 −6 7 −
(adj A)A =
−6

[ ][ ]
520 10 10 84 2
10 20 2 −4 3
20
80 − 120 + 40 − 60 + 140 − 80 20 − 80 + = 0 0 0
= 60 = 0I 3= |A|I 3.
40 − 60 + 20 − 30 + 70 − 40 10 − 40 + 30

[ ][ ]
00 0 00 0
80 − 120 + 40 − 60 + 140 − 80 20 − 80 +
60

Hence, A(adj A) = (adj A)A = |A|I3.

22)

If A = −7 1 3 and B = 1 −2 − , find the productsAB and BAand hence solve the system of equations x
−54 −1

[ ] [ ]
4
−3 −4 12 1
2 1 3
- y + z =1 4, x - 2y - 2z = 9, 2x + y + 3z = 1.
We find AB = = = 8I
−4 −1 1 − 4 + 4+ 8 4 − 8 + 4 − 4 − 8 +

[[ ][ ][ ] ][ [ ] [ ]
4 4 1 8 0
−7 1 3 1 −2 − = 12 = 0 3

and BA =
1
5
1
−1 1
−3 −

−4
2
2
4
1
4
3
− 7 + 1+ 6 7 − 2 + 3
5 − 3 − 2 − 5 + 6− 1
− 4 + 7+ 54−1−3 4−3−
− 7 − 2 +9
5+6−3
][ ] 800
0
0
0
8
8

0= 8I

1 −2 − −7 1 3 1 0 8 0 3
2 − 4 + 14 − 10 4 − 2 + 6 4 − 6 + 008
2 1 3 = 2
5 −3 −1 − 8 − 7 + 15 8 + 1 − 9 8 + 3 −
3
So we get AB = BA = 8I . That is, ( 1 A)B = B( 1 A) = I . Hence, B-1 = 1 A.
3 8 8 3 8
Writing the given system of equations in matrix form, we get

1 −2 − y = 9 y = 9
12 − 1 . That is B .1

[
1
xz 1 x z

][ ] [ ] ) [ ] [ ]
4 4
2 1 3
So, =
x 4 4 −4 4 4 4 − 16 + 36 + 24 3

[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ][ ] [
z 1
1
8
5 −3

Hence, the solution is (x = 3, y = -2, z = -1).

1
8
− 1
8
4

20 − 27 − 1
] [ ][]
8
−
8
−
1

23) The prices of three commodities A, B and C are Rs.x, y and z per units respectively. A person P purchases 4 units of B and
sells two units of A and 5 units of C . Person Q purchases 2 units of C and sells 3 units of A and one unit of B . Person R
purchases one unit of A and sells 3 unit of B and one unit of C . In the process, P, Q and R earn Rs.15,000, Rs.1,000 and
Rs.4,000 respectively. Find the prices per unit of A, B and C . (Use matrix inversion method to solve the problem.)
Let the prices per unit for the commodities A, B and C be Rs.x, Rs.y and Rs.z.
By the given data,
2x - 4y + 5z = 15000
3x + y - 2z· = 1000
-x + 3y + z = 4000
The matrix form of the system of equations is

3 1 − y = 1000
−4

[ ][ ] [ ]
22 5 xz 15000
4000
−1 3 12
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AX=B where A=
−4
] []
[
2 5
3 1 −2 , X = y
−1 3 1 z
and B=
15000

⇒ X=A-1B
[ ] 1000
4000

|A|=
2 −4 5

| |
3
−1
1
3
−2
1

3 1 | | −1 1 | | −1 3 |
= 2 (1 + 6) + 4 (3 - 2) + 5 (9 + 1)
= 2 (7) + 4 (1) + 5(10) = 14 + 4 + 50 = 68.

| | | | |
]
3 1
−1 1 −1 3 T

3 1
| | −1 1 | | −1 3 |
adj A= 1 −
2
| | −2 | | |

[
3 3 1
=
− (3 − 2)

[[ ]]
+ (1 + 6) + (9 + 1)
=
− ( − 4 − 15) + (2 + 5) − (6 − 4)

7
+ (8 − 5)

−1 10
][
− (4 − 15) + (2 + 12)

T 7 19 3
19 7 −2 −1 7 19
10 − 2 14
=
3 19 14

∴ A-

[ ]
7 19 3
= 1
1
−1 7 19

[ ][ ]
adj = 68
-1
| A| 10 − 2 14
∴ X=A
B=

7 19 3 15000
1
-1 −1 7 19 1000
68
10 −2 4000
14
=

[[ ] [ ] ]
105000 + 19000 + 12000
1
= − 15000 + 7000 + 76000
68
150000 − 2000 + 56000

= 2000
136000 1000
1 3000
68000
68
204000
 www.Padasalai.Net www.TrbTnpsc.com
∴ x = 2000, y = 1000, z = 3000
Hence the prices per unit of the commodities A, B and C are Rs.2000, Rs.1000 and Rs.3000 respectively.
24) In a T20 match, Chennai Super Kings needed just 6 runs to win with 1 ball leh to go in the last over. The last ball was
bowled and the batsman at the crease hit it high up. The ball traversed along a path in a vertical plane and the equation
of the path is y = ax2 + bx + c with respect to a xy-coordinate system in the vertical plane and the ball traversed through
the points (10, 8), (20, 16) (30, 18) can you conclude that Chennai Super Kings won the match?
Justify your answer. (All distances are measured in metres and the meeting point of the plane of the path with the
farthest boundary line is (70, 0).)
The path y = ax2 + bx + c passes through the points (10, 8), (20, 16), (40, 22). So, we get the system of equations 100a + 10b + c =
8, 400a + 20b + c = 16, 1600a + 40b + c = 22. To apply Cramer’s rule, we find

400 20 = 1000 4 2
Δ=
= 1000 [-2 + 12 - 6] = -6000,

|
1

| |
100 10 11 1

1
1600
1
40

1
= 20 8
1
16
1
2
4

|
11 4
1
16 20
Δ1 =
= 20[-8 + 3 + 10] = 100,

| | |
81 10 4 1
22
1
40

|
1 1

400 16 = 200 4 8 1
Δ2 =
= 200[-3 + 48 - 84] = -7800,

| | |
1
100 8 1 116 4 1
11

Δ3 =
400 20
1600
1
22

= 2000 4 2 8
1

= 2000[-10 + 84 - 64] = 20000.

|
| | |
16
100 10 8 116 4 111 4
1600 40
By Cramer’s Δ1
22 rule, we get a = = − , b = =
1
Δ
Δ2 7800 78 13
= =60
So, the equation of the path is y = 1 x2 + 13 x − 10 .
60
, c = Δ3 20000

10
Δ
= 6000

3
20
=− =−
10 .
60 | 10 Δ 6000 6 3

When x = 70, we get y = 6. So, the ball went by 6 metres high over the boundary line and it is impossible for a fielder standing
even just before the boundary line to jump and catch the ball. Hence the ball went for a super six and the Chennai Super Kings
won the match.
25) A family of 3 people went out for dinner in a restaurant. The cost of two dosai, three idlies and two vadais is Rs.150. The
cost of the two dosai, two idlies and four vadais is Rs.200. The cost of five dosai, four idlies and two vadais is Rs.250. The
family has Rs.350 in hand and they ate 3 dosai and six idlies and six vadais. Will they be able to manage to pay the bill
within the amount they had ?
Let the cost of one dosa be Rs.x
The cost of one idli be Rs.y
and the cost of one vadai be Rs.z
By the given data,
2x+ 3y+ 2z =150
2x + 2y+ 4z=200
5x+4y+ 2z=250
∴ Δ=
2 3 2

| 2
5
2
4
4
2 |
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4 2 | | | 5 2 | |
5 4
=2(4 - 16) - 3(4 - 20) + 2(8 - 10)
= 2(- 12) - 3(- 16) + 2(- 2)
= - 24 + 48 - 4 = 20
Δ=

| |
150 3 2
1
200 2 4
250 4 2

Taking 50 common from C3 we get,

=100

|
3 3

| 4
1

2
2

5
1
4

| | 5 1
| | |] 5 4

41
= 100[3(2 - 8) - 3(4 - 10) + 1(16 - 10)]
= 100[3(-6) - 3(- 6) + 6]
= 100[- 18 + 18 + 6] = 600
Δ=
2 3 1

|
2 150

| | |
2 2 4 2
2 2 200 = 100 5 5 1
4
5 250
2
| | |] 5 5

5 1 | | 5 1
= 100[2(4 - 10) - 3(2 - 10) + 1(10 - 20)]
= 100[2(- 6) - 3(- 8) + 1(- 10)]
= 100[- 12 + 24 - 10] = 100 [2] = 200.

Δ3 = 2 2 = 50 2 2

| | | || ||]
2200
3 150 24 3 3
5 4 5 4
250
4 5 | 5 5
5
|
4 4
= 50 [2(10 - 16) - 3(10 - 20) + 3(8 - 10)]
= 50[2(- 6) - 3(- 10) +3(- 2)]
= 50 [- 12 + 30 - 6] = 50 [12] = 600.
△1
∴ x= 600 =30
=
△ 20
△2
y= 200 =10
△
= 20
△3
z= 600 =30
△
= 20
Hence, the price of one dosa be Rs.30,one idli be Rs.10 and the price of 1 vadai be Rs.30.
Also the cost on dosa, six idlies and six vadai is
= 3x + 6y + 6z = 3(30) + 6(10) + 6(30)
= 90 + 60 + 180 = Rs.330
Since the family had Rs.350 in hand, they will be able to manage to pay the bill.
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26) The upward speed v(t)of a rocket at time t is approximated by v(t) = at2 + bt + c ≤t ≤100 where a, b and c are constants.
It has been found that the speed at times t = 3, t = 6, and t = 9 seconds are respectively, 64, 133, and 208 miles per
second respectively. Find the speed at time t = 15 seconds. (Use Gaussian elimination method.)
Since v(3) = 64, v(6) = 133,and v(9) = 208 , we get the following system of linear equations
9a + 3b + c = 64 ,
36a + 6b + c = 133 ,
81a + 9b + c = 208 .
We solve the above system of linear equations by Gaussian elimination method.
Reducing the augmented matrix to an equivalent row-echelon form by using elementary row
operations, we get
[A | B] =
9 3 1 64 9 3 1 64 9 3 1 64

[ ] [ ] [ ]
R2 ⟶ R2 − 4R1 , R3 ⟶R3 − R2 ⟶ R 2 ÷ ( − 3 ) , R3 ÷ − 2
9R1 (
)
36 6 1 | 133 ⟶ 0 −6 − 3 | − 123 ⟶ 0 2 1 | 41
81 9 1 208 0 − 18 − 8 − 368 0 9 4 184
.

[ ] [ ] [ ]
R 3 ⟶2R 3 9 31 64 R3 ⟶R3 − 9R2
93 1 64 R3 ⟶( − 1 ) R3 93 1 64
⟶ 0 21 | 41 ⟶ 0 2 1 | 41 ⟶ 0 2 1 | 41
0 18 8 368 00−1 − 001 1
1
Writing the equivalent equations from the row-echelon matrix, we get
9a + 3b + c = 64, 2b + c = 41, c = 1.
By back substitution, we get c = 1, b = ( 41 − c ) = ( 41 − 1 ) = 20, a = 64 − 3b − c 64 − 60 − 1 1 .
= 9 =3
2 2 9
So, we get v(t) = 1 t2 + 20t + 1. Hence, v(15) = 1 (225) + 20(15) + 1 = 75 + 300 + 1 = 376.
3 3
27) If ax2 + bx + c is divided by x + 3, x − 5, and x − 1, the remainders are 21,61 and 9 respectively. Find a,b and c. (Use
Gaussian elimination method.)
Let P(x) = ax2+bx+c
Given P(-3) = 21
[∵ P(x) ÷x+3, the remainder is 21]
⇒ a(-3)2+b(-3)+c=21
⇒ 9a-3b+c=21
Also, P(5)=61
⇒ a(5)2+b(5)+c=61
[using remainder theorem]
⇒ 25x+5b+c=61 ..........(2)
and P(1)=9
⇒ a(1)2+b(1)+c=9
⇒ a+b+c=9 ........(3)
Reducing the augment matrix to an equivalent row-echelon form using elementary row operations, we get

25 5 1 | 61 ⟶ 25 5 1 | 61
−

[ ] [ ]
9− 1 1 1 21 9 R1 ↔ R3 19 −13 1 21 9

⟶ 0 − 20 − 24 | − 164

[ ]
1 1 1 9
R 3 → R 3 − 9R 1R 2 → R 2 − 25R 1 0 − 12 − −
8 60
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⟶ 0 − 5 − 6 | − 41

[ ]
R2 → R2 ÷ R3 → R3 ÷ 4
1 1 1 9
0 −3 − −

[ ]
2 15

3 1 1 1 9
R3 → R3 − 5
R2 0 −5 − −
⟶ 6 | 41
8 48
0 0 5 5

[ ]
R 3 → 5R 3 1 1 1 9

⟶ − 5 − 6 | − 41
0
0 0 8 48
Writing the equivalent equations from the row-echelon matrix we get,
a+b+c = 9 ....(1)
- 5b-6c = -41 .....(2)
8c=48
⇒ c= 48
=6
8
Substituting c=6 in (2) we get,
⇒ -5b-6(6)=-41
⇒ -5b=-41+36=-5
⇒ -5b=-41+36=-5
⇒ b= − 5 =1
−5
Substituting b = 1, c = 6 in (1) we get,
a+1+6=9
⇒ a+7=9
⇒ a=9-7
⇒ a=2
∴ a=2, b=1, and c=6
28) An amount of Rs.65,000 is invested in three bonds at the rates of 6%,8% and 9% per annum respectively. The total
annual income is Rs.4,800. The income from the third bond is Rs.600 more than that from the second bond. Determine
the price of each bond. (Use Gaussian elimination method.)
Let the price of bond invested in 6%, 8% and 9% rates be let Rs.x, Rs.y and Rs.z respectively
∴ By the given data, x + y + z = 65000 ...........(1)
6 × x × 1 8 × y × 1 9 × z × 1 =4800
100
+ + 100 100
[∵ Intrest= PNR
]
100
⇒ 6x
+
8y 9z
=4800
100 100 + 100
⇒ 6x+8y+9z=480000 ......(2)
Also, 9z 8y
100
= 600 + 100
⇒ − 8y + 9y =600
100 100
⇒ -8y+9z=60000 .........(3)
Reducing the augmented matrix to an equivalent row-echelon form by using elementary row operation, we get
 www.Padasalai.Net www.TrbTnpsc.com

6 8 9 | 480000

[ ]
10 − 81 9 1 65000
60000

[
1 1 1 65000

]
R 2 → R 2 − 6R 1 0 2 3 | 90000
⟶
0−89 60000

[ ]
R 3 → R 3 + 4R 2
1 1 1 65000

⟶ 0 2 3 | 90000
0 0 21 420000
Writing the equivalent from the row echelon matrix we get,
x+y+z=65000 .......(1)
2y+z=90000 .....(2)
21z=42000
⇒ z= 420000 =20000
21
Substituting z = 20,000 in (2),
2y + 3(20,000) = -90000
⇒ 2y+60,000 =90,000
⇒ 2y=90,000-60,000
=30,000
⇒ y= 30 , 000 =15,000
2
Substitutingy = 15,000 and z = 20,000 in (1) we get,
x+15,000+20,000=65000
⇒ x+35,000=65000
⇒ x=65,000-35,000
⇒ 30,000
Thus the price of 6% bond is f 30,000 the price of 8% bond is f 15,000 and the price of 9% bond is f 20,000 is Rs.20,000.
29) A boy is walking along the path y = ax2 + bx + c through the points (−6, 8),(−2, −12) , and (3, 8) . He wants to meet his
friend at P(7,60) . Will he meet his friend? (Use Gaussian elimination method.)
Giveny = ax2 + bx + c ...(1)
(-6,8) lies on (1)
⇒ 8=a(-6)2+b(-6)+c
⇒ 8=36z-6b+c ........(2)
(-2,12) lies on (1)
⇒ -12=a(-2)2+b(-2)+c
⇒ -12=4a-2b+c ......(3)
Also (3,8) lies on (1)
⇒ 8=a(3)2+b(3)+c
⇒ 8=9a+3b+c .........(4)
Reducing the augment matrix to an equivalent row-echelon form by using elementary. row operations, we get,

4 − 2 1 | − 12 ⟶ 0 − 12 8 | − 116
−

] [ ]
−36 1 8 36 186 1 8

[
36
0 8 R 2 → 9R 2 − R 1R 3 → 4R 3 − R 1 0 3 24
 www.Padasalai.Net www.TrbTnpsc.com

⟶ 0 − 3 2 | − 29
−6

[
36
0 5 −

]
R 2 → R 2 ÷ 4R 3 → R 3 ÷ 3 0 −8
8

1 −
50

⟶ 0 − 3 2 | − 29
−06 5 − 8

[
36

]
R 3 → R 3 + 2R 2 0

Writing the equivalent equation from the row echelon matrix, we get 36a - 6b + c = 8 .........(1)
-3b+2c=-29 ...........(2)
5c=-50
− 50
⇒ c= =-10
5
Substituting c = -10 in (2) we get,
-3b+2(-10)=-29
⇒ -3b+2(-10)=-29
⇒ -3b-20=-29
⇒ -3b=-9
⇒ b= − 9 =3
−3
Substituting b = 3 and c = -10 in (1) we get,
36a-6(3)-10=8
⇒ 36a-18-10=8
⇒ 36a-28=8
⇒ 6a=8+28=36
⇒ a= 36 =1
36
∴ a=1, b=3, c=-10
Hence the path of the boy is
y=1(x2)+3(x)-10
⇒ y=x2+3x-10
Since his friend is at P(7, 60),
60=(7)2+3(7)-10
⇒ 60=49+21-10
⇒ 60=70-10=60
⇒ 60=60
Since (7, 60) satisfies his path, he can meet his friend who is at P(7, 60)
30) Test for consistency of the following system of linear equations and if possible solve:
x + 2y - z = 3, 3x - y + 2z = 1, x - 2y + 3z. = 3, x - y + z + 1 = 0
Here the number of unknowns is 3.
The matrix form of the system is AX = B, where
A=
1 2 −1
,X= ,B= []
[ ]
3
x
3 −1 2
1 −2 3
1 −1 1
[] y
z
1
3
−1
 www.Padasalai.Net
The augmented matrix is [A | B] = [ 1 2 −1
3 −1 2
3
1
] www.TrbTnpsc.com

1 −2 3 | 3
1 −1 1 −1

Applying Gaussian elimination method on [A | B], we get

[A | B] R2 ⟶R2 − 3R1 R2 ⟶( − 1 ) R2 ,
R3 ⟶R3 − R1 , R3 ⟶( − 1 ) R3
1 2 − 3 1 2 − 3

[ ] [ ]
R4 ⟶R4 − R1 R4 ⟶( − 1 ) R4
0 − 1 − 0 7 1 8
⟶ ⟶
0 7 5 | 8 0 4 − | 0
0 − 4 0 0 3 5 4
4 2 4 −
− 4
R3 ⟶7R3 − 4R2
1 2 −3 1 2 − − 3 −

[ ] [ ] [ ]
3 1 2 3
R4 ⟶7R4 − 3R2
0 7 1 8 R3 ⟶R3 ÷ ( − 8 ) 0 7 1 2 8 R4 ⟶R4 − R3 0 7 1 8
⟶ ⟶ ⟶
0 0 − | − 0 0 − | 4 0 0 − | 4
0 0 5 32 0 0 5 4 0 0 5 0
− 4 1 1
8 in the
There are three non-zero rows row-echelon form of [A |1 B].So, ρ([A | B]) = 3. 0
1
So, the row-echelon form of A is . There are three non-zero rows in it. So ρ(A) =
1 2 − 1 3.

Hence, ρ(A) = ρ([A | B]) = 3.

[ ] 0 7 −5
0 0 1
0 0 0

From the echelon form, we write the equivalent system of equations

x + 2y − z = 3,7y − 5z = 8, z = 4, 0 = 0.
The last equation 0=0 is meaningful. By the method of back substitution, we get
z=4
7y − 20 = 8 ⇒ y = 4 ,
x = 3 − 8 + 4 ⇒ x = −1.
So, the solution is (x = −1, y = 4, z = 4).(Note that A is not a square matrix.)
Here the given system is consistent and the solution is unique.
31) Investigate for what values of λand μthe system of linear
equations x + 2y + z = 7, x + y + λz = μ, x + 3y − 5z = 5 has
(i) no solution
(ii) a unique solution
(iii) an infinite number of solutions
Here the number of unknowns is 3.
The matrix form of the system is AX = B, where A = ,X= ,B= .

[ ] [] []
1 2 1 x 7
1 1 λ y μ
13−5 z 5

Applying elementary row operations on the augmented matrix [A | B], we get

[A | B] = R2 ⟶R2 − R1 ,
7 1 2 1

] [
R3 ⟶R3 − R1
1 1 λ|μ ⟶ 1 3 −5|5 ⟶ 0 1 −6|−2 ⟶ 0 1 −6|−2

[ ] [ ] [ ]
11 23 −15 75 R2 ↔ R3 11 21 λ1 μ 0 −1 77
λ−1 μ− R3 ⟶R3 + R2 1 0 20 17 μ−
λ− 79

.
 www.Padasalai.Net www.TrbTnpsc.com
(i) If λ=7 and μ= 9, then ρ(A) = 2 and ρ([A | B]) = 3. So ρ(A) ≠ρ([A | B]) Hence the given system is inconsistent and has no
solution.
(ii) If λ ≠ 7 and μ is any real number, then ρ(A) = 3 and ρ([A | B]) = 3.
So, ρ(A) = ρ([A | B]) = 3 = Number of unknown. Hence the given system is consistent and has a unique solution.
(iii) If λ = 7 and μ = 9, then ρ(A) = 2 and ρ([A | B]) = 2.
So, ρ(A) = ρ([A | B]) = 2. < Number of unknown. Hence the given system is consistent and has infinite number of solutions.
32) Find the value of k for which the equations kx - 2y + z = 1, x - 2ky + z = -2, x - 2y + kz = 1 have
(i) no solution
(ii) unique solution
(iii) infinitely many solution
kx-2y+z=1, -2ky+z=-2, x-2y+k=1
The matrix form of the system is AX = B where

1 − 2k ,X y ,B −
k1 − 2 1 =

[ ] [] [ ]
xz = 12
1 −2 k 1
Applying elementary row operation on the augment matrix [AIB] we get
[A/B] =
k −2 1 1 −2 k

[ ] [ ]
1 R1 ↔ 1
1 − 2k 1 | − 2 R3
⟶ 1 − 2k 1 | − 2
1 −2 k 1 k −2 k 1

1 −2 k

[ ]
R2→ R 2+ R R
1
1 →
3 R −3kR 1
⟶ 1 − 2k + 2 k | −
0 − 2 + 2k 1 − k 2 1−k

1 −2 k

[ ]
R3→ R 3+ R
1
2
⟶ 0 − 2k + 2 | −3
k
0 0 1−k 2 1−k

[ ]
1 −2 k 1
→ 0 − 2k + 2 1−k −3
0 0 k2 − k + 2 − k − 2

−2

[ ]
1 k 1

→ 0 − 2k + 2 1−k | −3 ....(1)
0 0 (k + 2)(1 − k) −k−
Case (i) when k=1 2

10 −02

] [ ]
10 −02

[
1
0 −1 R 3 →⟶
R3 − R2 1
0 | − 13
[A | B] →
3 0
0 0 −3 0 0 0 0
Here ρ(A)=3 and ρ[A|B]=3
So, ρ(A)≠ρ[A|B] ⇒ The system has no
solution Case (ii) when k≠2, k≠--2

−2

]
1 k 1

[ 0
0
− 2k + 2
0
1−k
not zero
| −3
not zero
 www.Padasalai.Net www.TrbTnpsc.com
⇒ ρ(A)=3 and ρ[A|B]=3
so, ρ(A)=ρ[A|B]=3 =the number of unknowns Hence, the system has unique solution. Case (iii) when k=-2

ρ[A | B] → 1 6 3 −
10 −02 −02 31

[
Here ρ(A)=2 and ρ[A|B]=2
0
]
∴ ρ(A)=ρ[A|B]=2< 3 the number of unknowns so the system is consistent with infinitely many solutions.
33) Investigate the values of λ and m the system of linear equations 2x + 3y + 5z = 9, 7x + 3y - 5z = 8, 2x + 3y + λz = μ, have
(i) no solution
(ii) a unique solution
(iii) an infinite number of solutions.
2x+3y=9, 7x+3y-5z=8, 2x+3y+⋋ z=μ
The matrix form of the system is AX = B where

] [] []
x 9
73−5 ,X y ,B 8
A=

[
λ
22 33 5 = z = μ
Applying elementary row operations augmented matrix [AIB] we get
[A|B]=
2 3 5 73−5

[ ] [ ]
9 R1 ↔ 8
73−5|8 R2
⟶ 2 3 5 | 9
2 3 λ μ 2 3 λ μ

R2 → R2 −
2
7 R1 R3 → R3 −
R2
⟶
[ 7
5
0
0
3
15
7
0
−
45

λ−5
7 |
−
845

4−9
7
]
R2→ R 2× 7
⟶ 15
[
0 0 λ−
Case (i) when
5 λ=5
7
5
0
45 |
μ−9
3 − −
847
]
[A|B]=
−8

]
3 −

[
7
0 15
45 | 47
−
5 0 0 0 4
Here ρ(A)=2 and ρ[A|B]=3
So, ρ(A) ≠ ρ[A|B]
Hence the system is inconsistent and has no solution
Case (ii) When λ≠5, μ≠9
[A|B]=
−5 −8

[ ]
7 3
0 15 45 47
|
0 0 not zero not zero

Here ρ(A)=3 and ρ[A|B]=3

∴ ρ(A)=ρ[A|B]=3= number of unknowns
Hence, the system is consistent with solution
 www.Padasalai.Net www.TrbTnpsc.com
Case (ii When λ=5,
μ=9 [A|B]=
−8

[ ]
7 3
0 15
45 | 47
0
0 0−5 0
Here ρ(A)=2 and ρ[A|B]=2
∴ ρ(A)=ρ[A|B]= 2< number of unknowns
∴ The system is consistent and has infinite number of solutions.
34) Determine the values of λ for which the following system of equations (3λ − 8)x + 3y + 3z = 0, 3x + (3λ − 8)y + 3z = 0, 3x
+ 3y + (3λ − 8)z = 0. has a non-trivial solution.
Here the number of unknowns is 3. So, if the system is consistent and has a non-trivial solution, then the rank of the coeuicient
matrix is equal to the rank of the augmented matrix and is less than 3.
So the determinant of the coeuicient matrix should be 0.
Hence we get
= 0 (by applying R ➝ R + R + R )
3λ − 8 3λ − 2 3λ − 2 3λ − 2

|
3 3

| 3
3
3λ − 8
3
3
3λ −
= 0 or
3
3
3λ − 8
3
3
3λ − | 1 1 2 3

||
8 8
or (3λ- = 0 (by taking out (3λ − 2) from R )

|
1 1 1
2)
3 3λ − 8 3
1
3 3 3λ − 8

1 1 1 = 0 (by applying R ➝ R - 3R , R ➝R - 3R )
or (3λ-
2)
| 3 3λ − 11
3
11
3
3
3λ −
| 2 2 1 3 3 1

or (3λ- 2)(3λ- 11)2 0. So λ= 2 and λ= 11 .

3 3
We now give an application of system of linear homogeneous equations to chemistry. You are already aware of balancing
chemical reaction equations by inspecting the number of atoms present on both sides. A direct method is explained in the
following example.
35) By using Gaussian elimination method, balance the chemical reaction equation: C5H8 + O2 ⟶ CO2 + H2O. (The above is
the reaction that is taking place in the burning of organic compound called isoprene.)
We are searching for positive integers x1, x2, x3 and x4 such that
x1C5H8 + x2O2 ⟶x3CO2 + x4H2O. ......(1)
The number of carbon atoms on the leh-hand side of (1) should be equal to the number of carbon atoms on the right-hand side
of (1). So we get a linear homogenous equation
5x1= x3 ⇒5x1 - x3 = 0. ........(2)
Similarly, considering hydrogen and oxygen atoms, we get respectively,
8x1 = 2x4 ⇒4x1 - x4 = 0. ...........(3)
2x2 = 2x3 + x4 ⇒2x2 - 2x4 = 0. .........(4)
Equations (2), (3), and (4) constitute a homogeneous system of linear equations in four unknowns.

4 0 0 −1|0
The augmented matrix is [A | B] = 0 2 − − 0 .
5 0 −1 0

[ ]
0
2 1
By Gaussian elimination method, we get
 www.Padasalai.Net www.TrbTnpsc.com
[A | B] .

⟶
R1 ↔
R2 5 0 −
1
[
4 0 0 −

0 2 − −
Therefore, ρ(A) = ρ([A
0 R2 ↔
10 | 0 R3
0
⟶
4 0 0
0 2 −
5 0 2
−
2 1| B]) = 3 < 4 = Number1of
] [ −
11|0
−
0
0

0
unknowns.
] R3 ⟶4R3 − 5R1
⟶ [ 4 0 0 −

0 0 2
−
4
11|0
0 2 − −
5
0

0
]
The system is consistent and has infinite number of solutions.
Writing the equations using the echelon form, we get 4x1 - x4 = 0, 2x2 - 2x3 - x4 = 0, -4x3 + 5x4 = 0.
So, one of the unknowns should be chosen arbitrarily as a non-zero real number.
Let us choose x4 = t, t ≠0.Then, by back substitution, we get x3 = 5t , x2 = 7t , x1 = t .
4 4 4
Since x1, x2, x3 and x4 are positive integers, let us choose t = 4.
Then, we get x1 = 1, x2 = 7, x3 = 5 and x4 = 4.
So, the balanced equation is C5H8 + 7O2 ⟶ 5CO2 + 4H2O.
36) If the system of equations px + by + cz = 0, ax + qy + cz = 0, ax + by + rz = 0 has a non-trivial solution and p ≠ a,q ≠ b,r ≠
p q r
c, prove that + q − b + r − c = 2.
p−a
Assume that the system px + by + cz = 0, ax + qy + cz = 0, ax + by + rz = 0 has a non-trivial solution.
So, we have = 0, Applying R ➝R - R and R ➝R - R in the above equation,

| |
p b
c 2 2 1 3 3 1
a q
c
we get a b r = 0. That is, = 0.

| p
a−p
a−p
b
q−b
b
c
c
r−c
Since p ≠a, q ≠b, r ≠c, we get (p - a)(q - b)(r -
| | p b
− (p − a) q − b
− (p − a) b
c
c
r−c |
c) p b c
p−a q−b r−c
−1 1 0
−1 0 1 = 0.

So, we have
= 0.

| |
| |
p b c
p−a q−b r−c
−1 1 0
−1 0 1
b c
Expanding the determinant, we get p
+ q − b + r − c = 0.
p−a
That is, q−(q−b) r−(r−c)=
+ = 2.
p c
+ + 0⇒ p
+
b
p−a q−b r−c p−a q−b r−c
37) Determine the values of λ for which the following system of equations x + y + 3z = 0, 4x + 3y + λz = 0, 2x + y + 2z = 0 has
(i) a unique solution
(ii) a non-trivial solution
x+y+3z=0, 4x+3y+λz=0, 2x+y+2z=0
Reducing the augmented matrix to row - echelon form we get,

43λ|0
[A|0]= 2 1 2 0

[ ]
1 1 3 0
 www.Padasalai.Net www.TrbTnpsc.com

[ ]
R1 ↔ R3 1 1 3 0

⟶ 0 −1 −4 | 0
0−1λ−2 0

[ ]
R2 → R2 − 2R1
1 1 3 0
⟶R3 → R3 − 4R1 0 −1 − 4 |0
0 0 λ−8 0

[ ]
R3 → R3 − R1
1 1 3 0

⟶ 0 −1 −4 |0
0 0 not zero 0
Case (i) when λ≠8

[A|0]= 0 −11 −34 | 00

[ ]
1
0 0 0 0

Here ρ(A)=3, ρ([A/0]=3

∴ ρ(A)=ρ([A/0])=3=the number of unknowns
∴ The given system is consistent and has unique solution.
Case (ii) when λ = 8
Here ρ(A)=2, ρ([A/0]=2
∴ ρ(A)=ρ([A/0])==2< 3 the number of unknowns,
∴ The system is consistent and has non-trivial solutions.
38) Solve the following system of linear equations by matrix inversion method:
x + y + z − 2 = 0, 6x − 4y + 5z − 31 = 0, 5x + 2y + 2z = 13.
x+y+z=2=0, 6x-4y+5z-31=0, 5x+2y+2z=13
The matrix form of the system is

[ ][ ] [ ]
1 1 1 x 2
6 −4 y = 1
5 z 13
5 2 2
AX =B where A=
1 1 1

X=
[ ] 6 −4 5
5 2 2

[] [ ]
x 2
y ,B 31
z = 13

⇒ X=A-1B
|A| =
1 1 1

| 5 2 2 | 2 2 | | 5 2 | | 5 2 |
 www.Padasalai.Net www.TrbTnpsc.com

2 2
| | | | |
]
5 2 5 2 T

22
| | 5 2 | | | 5 2

adj A= −45
| | | | | −4

[
6 5 6
=
+ ( − 8 − 10) − (12 − 25) + (12 + 20) T
=
[[ − (2 − 2)
+ (5 + 4)
+ (2 − 5)
− (5 − 6)
− (2 − 5)

]
+ ( − 4 − 6) ]
− 18 13 32 T
0 −3 3
9 1 − 10
=

[ − 18 0
13 − 3
32 3 − 10
9
1
]
∴ A
− 18 0 9
=

∴ X=A-1B
-1
1
| A|
adjA = 27
1

[ 13 − 3
32 3 − 10
1
]
=
− 18

[[ ][] ] [ ] [ ]
0 9 2
= 1 13 −3 1 31
27
32 3 − 13
10

81 3
− 36 +0 +
117 1 − = −2
1 = 27 54
26 − 93 + 13 1
27 27
64 + 93 − 130
∴ x=3, y=-2, z=1
∴ Solution set is {3,-2,1}
39) Solve the following systems of linear equations by Cramer’s rule:
3 4 2 1 2 1 2 5 4
− − - 0, + + - 2 = 0, − − + 1 = 0
x y z x y z x y z
− − - 0, + + - 2 = 0, − − + 1 = 0
3 4 2
1 2 1 2 5 4
x 1y z1 x1 y z x y z
Put = u, = v, = w
x y z
We get 3u - 4v - 2w = 1, u + 2v + w = 2, 2u-'5v-4w = -1
∴
3 −4 −2

| 2 −5 −4

= 3(- 8 + 5) + 4'(- 4 - 2) - 2(- 5 - 4)

| −5
4
− | | 2 −4 | | 2 −5 |
= 3(- 3) + 4(- 6) - 2(- 9)
= - 9 - 24 + 18= -15
 www.Padasalai.Net www.TrbTnpsc.com
Δ=
1 −4 −2
1
| 2 2 1
−1 −5 −4 |
−5 −4 | | −1 − | | −1 −5 |
4
= 1(- 8 + 5) + 4(- 8 + Il-2(- 10 + 2)
= 1(- 3) + 4(-7) - 2(- 8)
= - 3 - 28 + 16= -15
Δ=
1 −2

| |
3
2
1 2 1
2 −1 −4

−1 −4 | | 2 −4 | | 2 −1 |
= 3(- 8 + 1) - 1(- 4 - 2) - 2(- 1 - 4)
= 3(-7) - 1(- 6) - 2(- 5)
=-21+6+10=-5
Δ=
−4 1

| |
3
3
1 2 2
2 −5 −1

−5 −1 | | 2 −1 | | 2 −5 |
=3(-2+ 10)+4(-1-4)+ 1(-5-4)
= 3(8) + 4(- 5) + 1(- 9)
= 24 - 20 - 9 = - 5
∴ △1 − 15 1 x=1
= =1⇒ =1⇒
△ − 15 x
1 1 1 y=3
v= △2 −5 = ⇒ = ⇒
△
= − 15 3 y 3
w= △3 5 1 1 1 z=3
△
= = ⇒3 = ⇒
− 15 z 3
∴ Solution set is {1,,3}
40) Using Gaussian Jordan method, find the values of λ and μ so that the system of equations 2x - 3y + 5z = 12, 3x + y + λz
=μ, x - 7y + 8z = 17 has (i) unique solution (ii) infinite solutions and (iii) no solution.
The augmented matrix [AIB] is
2−35

[ ]
12
3 1 λ| μ
1−78 17

⟶ 3 1 λ| μ
12 − −375 8 12

[ ]
R1 ↔ R3 17

⟶ 0 22 λ − 51 | μ − 51
1 −7

[
8

]
R 2 → R 2 − R 1R 3 → R 3 − 2R 1 0 11 − −17
11 22
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⟶ 0 0 λ−2|μ− 7
−7

[
1 8

]
R 2 → R 2 − 2R 3R 3 → R 3 ÷ 11 0 1 − 17
−
1 2

⟶ 0 1 −1 | − 2
0 −07 λ −

[ ]
R2 ↔ R3 1 8 μ17
−7
2
Case (i) when λ ≠ 2,
ρ([AIB]) = 3 and ρ(A) = 3
∴ ρ([AIB])= ρ(A) = 3 = the number of unknowns
∴ The system has unique solution
Case (ii) when λ = 2, μ =7

0 1 − 1 | −2
10 −07

[ ]
8
0 17
0

Here ρ(A) = 2 and ρ([AIB]) = 2

∴ ρ(A) = ρ([AIB]) = 2 < number of unknowns
Thus the system is consistent with infinitely many solutions.
Case (iii) When λ= 2 and μ ≠ 7
ρ(A) = 2 and ρ([AIB]) = 3
∴ ρ(A) ≠ ρ([AIB])
Thus, the given system of equations is inconsistent.
41)
( ) ( )
19 + 9i 15 8+i 15
10
Show that 2 + i√3 ( ) 10 (
+ 2 − i√3 ) is real ii)
5 − 3i
−
I + 2i
is purely imaginary.

i) Let = 2 + i√3( )10 + (2 − i√3 )10

¯

(
zˉ = 2 + i√3 + 2 − i√3 ) ( )10
= ¯ ¯

(2 + i√3 )10 + (2 + i√3 )10

=

( )
¯ ¯ 10

2 − i√3
(2 + i√3 )10 +
=

( )
¯ 10

2 + i√3
(2 − i√3 )10 + =z

¯
z= z is real
z ⇒

ii) Let z= 19 + 3i
9i 15 8I + i 15

Here, 19 + 9i =
5 − 3i
( ) ( )
5−
−
( 19 + 9i ) ( 5 + 3i )
( 5 − 3i ) ( 5 + 3i )
+ 2i

= ( 95 − 27 ) + i ( 45 + 57 = 68 + 102i
) 34
52 + 32
=2+3i
( 8 + i ) ( 1 − 2i )
and 8 + i =
( 1 + 2i ) ( 1 − 2i )
1 + 2i
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10 − 15i
= ( 8 + 2 ) + i ( 1 − 16 =
) 5
12 + 22
=2-3i

5 − 3i ) ( ) 1 + 2i

⇒ z=(2+3i)15 - (2-3i)15 (by (1) and (2))

Then by definition,

( )
¯
zˉ = (2 + 3i)15 − (2 − 3i)15

( ) (¯
2 + 3i
15
− 2 − 3i
¯

15 (using properties of conjugates)

=(2-3i)15 - (2+3i)15 = -((2+3i)15 - (2-3i)15)

⇒ ¯ =-z
)
z

5 − 3i ) ( ) 1 + 2i

42) Let z ,z , and z be complex numbers such that

1 2 3 | z 1∥ = |z2 | = |z3 | = r > 0 and z +z +z
1 2 3 ≠ 0 prove that

|
z1z2 + z2z3 + z3z1

Given that
z1 + z2 + z3
| =r

= z =r⇒
¯ ¯ 2
z = z
|1| | 2 | |3 | z1z1 = z2z2 = r
r2 r2 r2
⇒ z1 = ¯
, z2 = ¯
, z3 =
ˉ3
z
z1 z2
=Therefore r2 r2 r3

( )
z1 + z2 + z3 = + +
ˉ
z ¯ ¯
1 z2 z3

2
¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯

2
z2z3 + z1z3 + z1z2 (∵ | z | = | zˉ | and |z 1z 2z 3 | = |z 1 | |z 2 | |z 3 |)
r ¯¯ ¯
z1z2z3

| |
¯
z1z3 + z1z3 + z1z2
|z 1 + z 2 + z 3 | = |r2 | ¯
z1z2z3

= |z z + z z + z z |
2 3 1 3 1 2
r2
|z | | z | |z |
1 2 3
= |z z2 3 + z1 z 3 + z1 z 2 | |z z
2 3 + z1 z 3 + z1 z 2 |
|z 1 + z 2 + z 3 | = r 2 r3
=
r
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|z z2 3 + z1 z 3 + z1 z 2 | =r
|z 1 + z2 + z3 |
Thus, + z1z3 + z1z2
=r
|
z1 z 3

1 2, 3
z1 + z2 + z3

1 2 3
|
43) If z ,z and z are three complex numbers such that |z |=1,|z |=2|z |=3 and |z +z +z |=1,show that |9z z +4z z +z z |=6
1 2 3 1 2 1 2 2 3

Given |z1|=1, |z2|=2, |z3|=3, |z1+z2+z3|=1

|z |2=12 ⇒ z ¯ =1 ⇒ z = 1
1 1 z1 1 z
1
|z |2=4 ⇒ z =1 ⇒ z = ¯ 4

2 2 z2 2 z
2
|z |2=9 ⇒ z =1 ⇒ z = ¯ 9
3 3 z3
3z
3

∴
| 9,
z1
¯
14
. ¯
z2
+ 4.
.
19
¯
z3
¯
+
49

z2
¯ . ¯
z3 |
| 36
¯ ¯
z1z2
+
36
¯ ¯
z1z3
+
z1

36
¯ ¯
z2z3
| | ( )| = 36
¯ ¯
z3 + z2 +
z1
¯ ¯ ¯
z1z2z3
¯

¯ ¯

[
∵¯ | z1 + z2¯+ z3 | = | z1 + z2 + z3 |
¯
]
¯ ¯ ¯ ¯
36 | z1 + z2 + z3 | | z1 + z2 + z3 |
= ¯ ¯ ¯ = 36 ¯ ¯ ¯
| z1 | | z2 | | z3 | | z1 | | z2 | | z3 |

∵ | z1 | = | z1 | , | z2 = | z21 | , | z3 | = | z3 |

[ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯

]
∴ |9z1+z2+4z1z3+z2z3|=6
44)
2z + 1
If z=x+iy is a complex number such that Im
( ) iz + 1
= 0 show that the locus of z is 2x2+2y2+x-2y=0

Given z=x+iy

iz + 1 )
i ( x + iy ) + 1 )
⇒ Im

( ix ++1i2)y++2iy
( 2x

ix − y + 1
1
))
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( 1 − y ) + ix )
Multiply and divide by the conjugate of the denominator

( 1 − y ) + ix ( 1 − y ) − ix )
⇒ Im

( ( 2x + 1 ) + 2iy × ( 1 − y ) − ix
( 1 − y )2 + x 2

Choosing the imaginably part we get,

)
( 2x + 1 ) ( − x ) + 2y ( 1 − y )
( 1 − y )2 + x 2
⇒ (2x+1)-x+2y(1-y)=0
⇒ -2x2-x+2y-2y2=0
⇒ 2x2+2y2+x-2y=0
Hence, locus of z is 2x2+2y2+x-2y=0
45) z−i π
If z=x+iy and arg , then show that x2+y2+3x-3y+2=0
4

( ) =
z+2

Given z=x+iy and arg z−i π

⇒ arg(z-i)-arg(z+2)=
( )
z+2
π
= 4

4
π
⇒ arg(x+iy-i)-arg(x+iy+2)=
4
π
⇒ arg(x+i(y-1)-arg((x+2)+iy)=
4
⇒

) ( )
( ) x x+2 4

y−1 y

tan − 1 x − x +2
y−1 y
1 + x. x+2

=
π
4 [ ∵ tan − 1x − tan − 1y = tan − 1 ( )]
x−y
1 + xy

⇒ ( x + 2 ) ( y − 1 ) − xy =1
x(x+2)+y(y−1)
⇒ -x+2y-2 = x2+2x+y2-y
⇒ x2+2x+y2-y+x-2y+2 =0
⇒ x2+y2+3x-3y+2=0
46) √3
( ) ( )
√3 i5 i5
Show that + − = − √3
2 2
+
2 2
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Let √3 i =r(cosθ+i sinθ)
+
2 2
r= =1

√( ) ( ) √
√3 2 1 2 3 1 4

α=
2 + 2
= 4
+
4

| |
=
√
1
4

| | )
2
−1 π
y = tan =
tan − 1 x √3 √3 6
2

Since √3 i lies is the I quadrant, θ=α

+
2 2

∴ i π π
√3 2
+ 2 (
= 1 cos 6 + isin 6 )
∴ √3 5

=cos
( ) (
2
+
5π
i
2 =
5π
15
π
cos 6 + isin 6
π 5

)
+ isin ....(1) [De moivres theorem]
6 6

Similarly i π π
√3 2
+ 2 (
= 1 cos 6 − isin 6 )
∴
√3
( ) [ i 5 π π 5

=cos
2
−
5π
2 =1
5π
5
cos 6 + isin 6 ]
− isin ..............(2)
6 6
Adding (1) and (2) we get,

√ 5 √ 5

( ) ( )
3
2
+ 2
i
+ 3
2
− 2
i

= 5 π
2cos π6 = 2cos π −
=− 2cos [∵ π 5π
( ) 6
lies in the II quard]
6 6

= .

−2 () √3

2 =− √3
47) 1 1
If 2cosa = x and 2cosβ = y , show that
+ + y
x

x y
i) = 2cos(α − β).
x
+ 1
y
ii) xy − = 2isin(α + β)
xy
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xm yn
iii) − = 2isin(mα − nβ)
yn xm

1
iv) x my n + = 2cos(mα + nβ)
x my n
i) Given 2cosα=x+ 1
x
2
⇒ 2cosα = x +1
x
⇒ x2+1=2x cosα
⇒ x2-2x cosα+1=0
⇒ 2cosα ± √ ( − 2cosα )2 − 4 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

√ √b2 − 4ac
[ ]
2cosα ± 4cos 2α − 4 b±

= 2
∵ 2a

2cosα ± √ − sin2α
= 2
2cosα ± isinα
= [∵ sin2α+cos2α=1]
2
⇒ x2=cosα±sinα
Also, 2cosβ=y+ 1
y
2+1
⇒ 2cosβ = y
y
⇒ y2-2y cosβ+1=0
⇒ 2cosβ ± √ ( − 2cos2β2 − 4 ( 1 ) ( 1 )
2
= 2cosβ ± √
4cos 2β − 4 2cosβ ± 2isinβ
2 2
=
⇒ y=cosβ±i
sinβ
x y
+ = 2cos(α − β)
y x
x cosα + isinα
y
= cosβ + isinβ
=cos(α-β)+i sin(α-β) .....(1)
and y = 1 =cos(α-β)+i sin(α-β) ..........(2)
x x
(1)+(2) ⟶= x + y
y x
=cos(α-β)+i sin(α-β)+cos(α-β)-i sin(α-β)
=2cos(α-β)
ii) Given 2cosα=x+ 1
x
2
⇒ 2cosα = x +1
x
⇒ x2+1=2x cosα
⇒ x2-2x cosα+1=0
⇒ 2cosα ± √ ( − 2cosα )2 − 4 ( 1 ) ( 1 )
2
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=
√4cos
[ √b
]
2 2
2cosα ± α−4 b± − 4ac

2
∵ 2a

= 2cosα ± √ − sin2α
2
2cosα ± isinα
= [∵ sin2α+cos2α=1]
2
⇒ x2=cosα±sinα
Also, 2cosβ=y+ 1
y
2
⇒ 2cosβ = y +1
y
⇒ y2-2y cosβ+1=0
⇒ 2cosβ ± √ ( − 2cos2β2 − 4 ( 1 ) ( 1 )
2
= 2cosβ ± √4cos 2β − 4 2cosβ ± 2isinβ
2 2
=
⇒ y=cosβ±i
sinβ
1
xy − = 2isin(α + β)
xy

xy=(cosα+i sinα) (cosβ+i sinαβ)

=cos(α+β)+i isn(α+β)
1
=cos(α+β)-i isn(α+β)
xy

=2i sin(α+β)
iii) Given 2cosα=x+ 1
x
2
⇒ 2cosα = x +1
x
⇒ x2+1=2x cosα
⇒ x2-2x cosα+1=0
⇒ 2cosα ± √ ( − 2cosα )2 − 4 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

2
=
2cosα ± √4cos 2α − 4
2
[ b±

∵
√b2 − 4ac
2a
]
= 2cosα ± √ − sin α
2

2
2cosα ± isinα
= [∵ sin2α+cos2α=1]
2
⇒ x2=cosα±sinα
Also, 2cosβ=y+ 1
y
2+1
⇒ 2cosβ = y
y
⇒ y2-2y cosβ+1=0
⇒ 2cosβ ± √ ( − 2cos2β2 − 4 ( 1 ) ( 1 )
2
= 2cosβ ± √4cos 2β − 4 2cosβ ± 2isinβ
2 2
=
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⇒ y=cosβ±i sinβ
xm yn
− = 2isin(mα − nβ)
yn xm

xm=(cosα+sinα)m = cosmα+i sinmα [By De moivre's

theorem] yn =(cosβ+i sinβ)n =cosnβ+i sinnβ
∴ xm cosmα + isinmα
= cosnβ + isinnβ
yn
=cos(mα-nβ)+i sin(mα+nβ)
1
and yn xm

xm
= yn
=cos(mα-nβ)-i sin(mα-nβ)

iv) Given 2cosα=x+ 1

x
2+1
⇒ 2cosα = x
x
⇒ x2+1=2x cosα
⇒ x2-2x cosα+1=0
⇒ 2cosα ± √ ( − 2cosα )2 − 4 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

2
=
2cosα ± √4cos 2α − 4
2
[ b±

∵
√b2 − 4ac
2a
]
= 2cosα ± √ − sin α
2

2
2cosα ± isinα
= [∵ sin2α+cos2α=1]
2
⇒ x2=cosα±sinα
Also, 2cosβ=y+ 1
y
2+1
⇒ 2cosβ = y
y
⇒ y2-2y cosβ+1=0
⇒ 2cosβ ± √ ( − 2cos2β2 − 4 ( 1 ) ( 1 )
2
= 2cosβ ± √4cos 2β − 4 2cosβ ± 2isinβ
2 2
=
⇒ y=cosβ±i
sinβ
1
xmyn + = 2cos(mα + nβ)
xm yn

xmyn=(cosα+i sinmα) (cosnβ+i sin nβ)

cos(mα+nβ)+i sin(mα+nβ)
1 =cos(mα+nβ)-i sin(mα+nβ)
xm yn
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=2cos(mα+nβ)
48) Solve the equation z3+27=0 .
z3=-27=(-1 x 3)1 3 =-1 x 331
z= 1
3× x3
( − 1) × 3
3 3 = ( − 1) 3
1
∴ z=3[cosπ + isinπ]3
[∵ cosπ=-1 and sinπ=0]
=3 1 1

[
k=0,1,2
cos 3 (2kπ + π)isin 3 (2kπ + π) ]
When k=0,
z=3 1 1 π

When k=1
[ cos 3 (π)isin 3 (π) = 3cos 3 ]
z=3 1 1

[ cos 3 (3π)isin 3 (3π)

=3[cosπ+i sinπ]=3(-1+0)=-
]
When k=2
z=3 1 1 π

[ cos 3 (5π)isin 3 (5π) = 3 cos5 3

Hence, the roots are 3 cis π ,-3,3 cis5 π .
] [ ]
3 3
49) z−1 π
,then show that x2+y2=1.
If z=x+iy and arg
Now, z − 1
( )
z+1
x + iy − 1
= 2
(x − 1) + iy [(x − 1) + iy][(x + 1) − iy]
= =
x + iy + 1 [(x + 1) + iy][(x + 1) − iy]
z+1
=
(x + 1) + iy

z−1 (x 2 + y2 −
)
1 + i(2y)
⇒ =
(x + 1)2 + y2
z+1
Since, arg z−1

π ( ) = ⇒ tan −1
=

2y
z+
2
2
π
( 2y
x2 + y2 − 1
) π
2

⇒ = tan
x2 + y2 − 1 2
2 2
⇒ x +y =1

50) Find all cube roots of √3 + i

Let z3 = √3 + i = r(cosθ + isinθ)
Then, and π
r = √3 + 1 = 2 α=θ=
6
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Therefore, π π
z3 = √3 + i = 2 cos ( ) + isin

√ ( ( 6

π+
6
,k=0,1,2.

) ( ))
π + 12kπ
12kπ
3 18 18
⇒ z = 2 cos + isin
Taking k = 0,1,2 , we get
k=0, π π

( )
1
= 2 3 cos + sin
18 18

k=1, π π
(
1

z=z 3 cos
18
+ sin
18
)
k=2,
z = 2 3 cos + sin = 2 3 − cos − sin
25π 25π 7π 7π

( ) ( )
1 18 18 1 18 18

51) Solve the equation x3−9x2+14x+24=0 if it is given that two of its roots are in the ratio 3:2.
Let ∝ ,β,૪ be the roots of the3 equation
Given α = 3 ⇒ 2α = 3β ⇒

β 2
α = 2β
β, β, γ are the roots of the given equation
3
∴
2
Then by vieta's formula,
3 −b −(−9)
2β +β+γ=a= 1 =9
5 5
2
β + γ = 9 ⇒γ = 9 − 2 β
18 − 5β
⇒ γ= . . . (2)
2

3
Also 2 β(β) + βγ +
( ) 3
2
βγ= =
a
c 14
= 14
1

⇒
3
β2 + β
2 2
5
( )
18 − 5β
2

2
= 14 [using (2)]
3 90β 25β
⇒ 2β2 + 4
− 4
= 14
Multiplying by 4, 6β2 + 90β − 25β2 = 56
19β2 − 90β + 56 = 0
⇒ (β − 4)(19β − 14) = 0
⇒ β=4
14
β = 19
18 − 5
When β=4, the other roots are 3
(4), 4, (4)
2 2
⇒ 6, 4, − 1
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18 − 5β
When β = 14 , the other roots are 3
β, β [by(2)]
19 2 2
14
18 − 5
( )⇒
19

⇒
3
2 ( ) 14
19
14
19, 2
21 14 136
, 19, 19
19

52) Find a polynomial

, equation of minimum degree with rational coeuicients, having √5−√3 as a root.
Given (√5 − √3) is a root
⇒ √5 + √3
∴ Sum of the roots = √5 − √3 + √5 + √3 = 2√5
Product of the roots
= (√5 − √3)(√5 + √3)
2
= (√5)2 − (√3) = 5 − 3 = 2
∴ One of the factor is X2 -x (sum of the roots) + product of the roots
⇒ x2 − 2x√5 + 2
The other factor also will be x 2 − 2x√5 + 2
(x2 − 2x√5 + 2)(x2 + 2x√5 + 2) = 0
⇒ (x2 + 2 − 2√5x)(x2 + 2 + 2√5x) = 0

⇒ x2 + 2( ) 2
− (2√5x) = 0
2

[ ∵ (a + b)(a − b) = a2 − b2]
⇒ x4 + 4x2 + 4(5)x2 = 0
⇒ x4 + 4x2 + 4 − 20x2 = 0
⇒ x4 − 16x2 + 4 = 0

53) If 2+i and 3-√2 are roots of the equation x6-13x5+62x4-126x3+65x2+127x-140=0, find all roots.
Since the coeuicient of the equations are all rational numbers, 2+i and 3-√2 are roots, we get 2-i and 3+√2 are also roots of the
given equation. Thus (x-(2+i)), (x-(2-i)), (x-(3-√2)) and (x-(3+√2)) are factors. Thus their product.

((x-(2+i))(x-(2-i))(x-(3-√2))(x-(3+√2)) is a factor of the given polynomial equation. That is, (x2-4x+5)(x2-6x+7) is a factor. Dividing
the given polynomial equation by this factor, we get the other factor as (x2-3x-4) which implies that 4 and −1 are the other two
roots. Thus

2+i,2-i,3+√2,-√2,-1, and 4 are the roots of the given polynomial equation.

54) Solve the equation (x-2)(x-7)(x-3)(x+2)+19=0
We can solve this fourth degree equation by rewriting it suitably and adopting a technique of substitution. Rewriting the
equation as
(x−2)(x−3)(x−7)(x+2)+19 = 0
the given equation becomes
(x2−5x+6)(x2−5x−14)+19 = 0 .
If we take x2 − 5x as y , then the equation becomes (y+6)(y−14)+19=0;
that is,
y2-8y-65 =0
Solving this we get solutions y=13 and y=−5. Substituting this we get two quadratic equations
x2-5x-13=0 and x2-5x+5=0
which can be solved by usual techniques. The solutions obtained for these two equations together give solutions as
5 ± √77 5 ± √5 .
2
, 2
55) Determine k and solve the equation 2x3-6x2+3x+k=0 if one of its roots is twice the sum of the other two roots.
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Given cubic equation is 2x3-6x2+3x+k=0
Here, a = 2, b = -6, c = 3, d= k
Let ∝ ,β,૪ be the roots
Given ∝ =2(β+૪)⇒ α =β+૪...(1)
2
Now, α + β + γ = − b = − ( − 6 ) = 3
a 2
α α + 2α 3α
2+ α=3⇒ 2 = ⇒ 2= 3
3
⇒ α= 2
−d − k −k
αβγ = a = 2 ⇒ 2.βγ = 2
−k
βγ = . . . (2)
4
Also, αβ + βγ + γα = c
a
3
2β + βγ + 2γ = 2
3
2(β + γ) + βγ = 2
−k 3
α 4 = 2 [from(1)&(2)]
Also, 2 − k 3

4
= 2 [ ∵ α = 2]
3 k 1 k
2− 2 = 4 ⇒ 2 = 4
k= 4⇒ k = 2
2
From(2), βγ = − k = − 2 = − 1 ⇒ γ = −1
4 4 2 2β
From (1), β + γ = α = 2 = 1
2 2
−1
Substitutingγ = We get
2β
1
β − 2β = 1 ⇒ 2β2 − 1 = 2β ⇒ 2β − 2β − 1 = 0
2 ± √4 − 4 ( 2 ) ( − 1 ) 2 ± √4 + 8
β= 4
= 4
2 ± √12 2 ± 2√3
= 4 = 4
1 ± √3
β= 2
Hence the roots are 1 + √3 1 − √3
2, 2
, 2

56) Find all zeros of the polynomial x6-3x5-5x4+22x3-39x2-39x+135, if it is known that 1+2i and √3 are two of its zeros.
Let f(x) x6-3x5-5x4+22x3-39x2-39x+135
Given (1+2i) is a root ⇒ (-2i) is also a root
Also √3 is a root ⇒ -√3 is also a root.
Hence, the factors of f(x) are [x - (1 + 2i)]
[x-(1-2i)][x√3][x+√3]
[(x-1)-2i][(x-1)+2i][x-√3][x+√3]
((x-1)2+22)(x2-3)=(x2-2x+1+4)(x2-3)
⇒ factor of f(x) is (x2-2x+5)(x2-3)
⇒ x4-3x2-2x3+6x+5x2-15
⇒ (x4-3x2-2x3+6x-15) is a factor of f(x)
To find the other factor, let us divide.f{x) by
x4 - 2x3 + 2x2 + 6x - 15
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The other factor is x2 - x - 9

√( −1)
[ √b
]
2 2
1± −4(1) ( −9) −b± − 4ac

⇒ x= 2
∵ x= 2a

1±
⇒ x= √37
2
Hence the roots are
1-2i,1+2i, 1 + √37 1 − √37 .

57) √3 − √3 2 4
,
32 2 1

Solve the equation 6x -5x -38x -5x+6=0 if it is known that 3 is a solution.

This equation
1 is Type-
1 2 even degree reciprocal equation. Hence, it can be rewritten as
6(x2 +
) − 5(x + x ) − 38 = 0 . . . (1)
x2
Put 2

2
x+
1
x
1
= y ⇒x +
( ) x
1
= y2

1
⇒ x + + 2 = y2 ⇒ x2 + = y2 − 2
x2 x
∴ (1)becomes as,

6(y2 − 2) − 5y − 38 = 0
⇒ 6y2 − 12 − 5y − 38 = 0
⇒ 6y2 − 5y − 50 = 0
⇒ (3y − 10)(2y + 5) = 0
10 − 5
⇒y = 3
, 2
Case (i) when y = + 10
1 3
+ 10
x2 + x = 3
x +1 + 10
= ⇒ 3x2 + 3 = 10x
x 3
3x2 − 10x + 3 = 0
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1 1
(x − 3)(x − 3) = 0 ⇒ x = 3, 3
case (ii) when y = − 5 ⇒ x + 1 = − 5
2 x 2
x2 + 1 −5
⇒ x
= 2
2
⇒ 2x + 2 + 5x = 0
⇒ 2x2 + 5x + 2 = 0
⇒ (x + 2)(2x + 1) = 0
−1
⇒ x = − 2,
2
1 −1
∴ The roots 3, 3 , − 2, 2 .
are
58) Find (i) cos-1 ( − 1 )
π√2
ii) cos-1
(cos( − 3 ))
7π
iii) cos-1(cos( − ))
6
It is known that cos-1 x:[-1,1] → [0,π] is given by
cos−1x=y if and only if x=cos y for -1 ≤ x ≤ 1and0 ≤ y ≤ π
Thus, we have
i) cos-1 3π since 3π
∈ [0, π]cos =cos
1 3π π π 1
( − )= ,
4 (π = 4 ) = − cos 4 = −
√2 4 4
π π since √2
ii) cos-1 π cos-1 π [0, ], but π

(cos( − 3 (cos( − 3 ))= 3 -3 ∉ 3

∈ [0, π]
))= ,
π
iii) cos-1 7π 5π , since cos 7x π √3 5π

(cos( − 6 ))= 6
( 6 ) = cos(π + 6 ) = − 2= cos( 6 ) ∈ [0, π].
59) If a1, a2, a3, ... an is an arithmetic progression with common diuerence d, prove that tan

−b± √b 2 − 4ac a−a

x= 2a
[ ( )
tan − 1
1+
a1a2
d
+ tan − 1
( )
1+
a2a3
d
+ . . . . tan −
1 ( d
1 + anan − 1 )] n
= 1 + a1an
1

Now,
( )
tan − 1
1 + a1a2
d
= tan − 1
an − a1

1 + a1an
= tan − 1a − tan − 1a
2 1

an − a1
Similarly
( ) ( )
, tan −1

Continuing inductively, we get

1+
a1a2
d = tan − 1
1 + a1an = tan − 1a 3 − tan − 1a 2

tan − 1
( ) ( ) d

1 + anan − 1
= tan − 1
an − an − 1

1 + anan − 1
= tan − 1a
n
− tan − 1a
n−1

Adding vertically, we get

tan − 1
( ) ( )1+
d
a1a2
+ tan − 1 1+
d
a2a3
+ . . . . + tan − 1
( d
1 + anan − 1
) tan[tan − 1a n
− tan − 1a1]

[ ( ) ( )
tan tan − 1
d

1 + a1a2
+ tan − 1
d

1 + a2a3
+ . . . + tan − 1
( d

1 + anan − 1
)] [
= tan tan − 1a
n
− tan − 1a
1
]

[ ( )]
= tan − 1
an − a1

1 + a1an
=
a n − a1

1 + a1an
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( )
60) Solve tan − 1 x − 1 + tan − 1 x + 1 = π
( )
Now,
x−2

x−2
x+2

x+2
4

[] x−1 x+1

x−1 x+1 4

tan − 1 ( ) x−1

x−2
+ tan − 1 ( ) x+1

x+2
= tan − 1 x − 2 + x+ 2

x−1 x+1
=
π
4

1− x−2 ( )
x+2

Thus,
1
x−1
+
x+
which on simplification gives 2x −4=−3
2
x−2x+2 =1,

1−
x−1
x−2 ( ) x+1
x+2

Thus, x2= 1 gives x=± 1

2 √2
61)

√1 + x
2
)) = sin cot
{ −13
( )}
4

We know that

( ) ( )
sin − 1
x

√1 + x2
= cos − 1
x

√1 + x2
Thus,

( ( ))
cos sin − 1

√1 + x2
x
=
1

√1 + x2
...(1)

From the diagram, we have

cot − 1
() 3
4 = sin − 1
()
4
5

Hence,
{ ( )}
sin cot − 1
3
4 =
Using (1) and (2) in the given equation, we
4
5 ...(2)
1 4 5
=5 √ 1 + x2 = 4
√1 + x
2

Thus, x= 3
±
4
62) Find the domain of the following functions
(i) f(x) = sin-1(2x - 3)
(ii) f(x) = sin-1x + cos x
The domain of sirr lx is [-1,1]
∴ f(x) = sin-1(2x - 3) is defined for all x,satisfying
− 1 ≤ 2x − 3 ≤ 1
⇒ 3 − 1 ≤ 2x ≤ 1 + 3
⇒ 2 ≤ 2x ≤ 4 ⇒ 1 ≤ x ≤ 2 ⇒ xϵ[1, 2]
∴ Domain of f(x) = sin-1(2x - 3) is {I, 2].
(ii) The domain ou(x) is [-1,1] and that ofcosx is R
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∴ Domain of f(x) = sin-1x + cos x is
[ − 1, 1] ∩ R = [ − 1, 1]
63)

Provethat tan − 1
1−x

( )
1+x
− tan − 1
1−y

( )
1+y
= sin − 1 ( y −x

√1 + x . √1 + y
2 2
)
LHS = 1−x 1−y
tan − 1
( )1+x
− tan − 1
( )1+y
= tan-1(1) - tan-1 (x) - (tan-1(1) - tan-1(y)
x−y

[ ∵ tan − 1(
1 + xy
) = tan − 1x − tan − 1y
]
= tan-1(1) - tan-1 (x) - tan-1(1) + tan-1(y)
= tan-1(y) - tan-1(x)
= y−x
tan − 1
( ) 1 + xy

=
sin − 1 ( y−x

√1 + (yx)2 + (y − x)2 )
= y−x

RHS
sin − 1
( √(1 + x2)(1 + x2) )
64) A road bridge over an irrigation canal have two semi circular vents each with a span of 20m and the supporting pillars of
width 2m. Use Fig.5.16 to write the equations that model the arches.

Let O1 O2 be the centres of the two semi circular vents.

First vent with centre O1 (12,0) and radius r =10 yields equation to first semicircle as
(x−12)2+(y− 0)2 = 102
x2+y2−24x + 44 = 0 , y > 0
Second vent with centre O2 (34,0) and radius r =10 yields equation to second vent as
(x−34)2+y2 = 102
x2+y2−68x +1056 = 0 , y > 0 .
65) Find the foci, vertices and length of major and minor axis of the conic
4x2+36y2+40x−288y+532 = 0 .
Completing the square on x and y of 4x2+36y2+40x−288y+532 = 0,
4(x2+10x+25−25)+36(y2−8y+16−16)+532 = 0 , gives
4(x2+10x+25)+36(y2−8y+16) = −532+100 + 576
4 (x+5)2+36 (y−4)2 = 144.
Dividing both sides by 144 , the equation reduces to (x+5)2 (y−4)2
=1
36 4
This is an ellipse with centre (-5,4) , major axis is parallel to x -axis, length of major axis is 12 and length of minor axis is 4. Vertices
are (1,4) and (-11,4).
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Now, c2 = a2−b2=36−4=32
and c = ±4 √2
Then the foci are (−5−4√2,4) and (−5+4√2 ,4).
Length of the major axis = 2a =12 units and
the length of the minor axis = 2b =4 units.
66) Find the centre, foci, and eccentricity of the hyperbola 11x2−25y2−44x+50y−256 = 0

Rearranging terms in the equation of hyperbola to bring it to standard form,

we have, 11(x2-4x)-25(y2-2y)-256 = 0
11(x− 2)2−25(y−1)2 = 256−44+25
11(x−2 )2−25 (y−1)2 = 275
(x−2)2 (y−1)2
25
− =1
11
Centre (2,1). a = 25,b2 =112

c2 = a2 +b2
= 25+11=36
Therefore, c = ±6
and e= c = 6 and the coordinates of foci are(8,1) and(-4,1)
a 5

67) Show that the linex−y+4=0 is a tangent to the ellipse x2+3y2=12 . Also find the coordinates
of the point of contact.
x2+3y2=12
x2 y2
÷ 12 we get, + =1
12 4
∴ a2 = 12, b2 = 4
The line x-y+ 4 = 0 can be rewritten as y=x+4.
∴ m=1, c=4
The condition for y = mx + 4 to be a tangent to the ellipse is c2 = a2m2 + b2
∴ (4)2 = 12(1)2 + 4
⇒ 16=12+4
⇒ 16 = 16
Since the condition is satisfied, the line x - y + 4 = 0 is a tangent to the ellipse x2 + 3y2 = 12.
Also, the point of contact is

( −
a2m b2
c
, c )
⇒
4 ( −
12 ( 1 )
4 ,4 ) ⇒ ( − 3, 1)
∴ The point of contact is (-3, 1).
68) A concrete bridge is designed as a parabolic arch. The road over bridge is 40m long and the maximum height of the arch
is 15m. Write the equation of the parabolic arch.
From the graph the vertex is at (0,0) and the parabola is open down
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Equation of the parabola is x2 = -4ay
(-20,-15) and (20,-15) lie on the parabola
202 = -4a(-15)
400
4a = 15
x2 = − 80 x y
3
Therefore equation is 3x2 = -80y

69) Two coast guard stations are located 600 km apart at points A(0,0) and B(0,600). A distress signal from a ship at P is
received at slightly diuerent times by two stations. It is determined that the ship is 200 km farther from station A than it
is from station B. Determine the equation of hyperbola that passes through the location of the ship.
Since the centre is located at (0,300) , midway between the two foci, which are the coast guard stations, the equation is
( y − 300 ) 2 (x−0)2
a2 = 1.... (1)
b2
−
To determine the values of a and b , select two points known to be on the hyperbola and substitute each point in the above
equation. The point(0,400) lies on the hyperbola, since it is 200 km further from Station A than from station B.
1002
( 400 − 300 ) 2 O
2 − 2
= 1 2 = 1, a2 = 10000. There is also a point (x,600) on the hyperbola such that 6002+x2=(x+200)2
a b a
360000 + x2 = x2+400x+40000
x = 800
Substituting in (1), we have ( 600 − 300 ) 2 ( 800 − 0 ) 2
− = 1
10000 b2
640000
9− =1
b2
b2=80000 2
Thus the required equation of the hyperbola is ( y − 300 ) x2

10000
− 80000 = 1
The ship lies somewhere on this hyperbola. The exact location can be determined using data from a third station.

70) A bridge has a parabolic arch that is 10m high in the centre and 30m wide at the bottom. Find the height of the arch 6m
from the centre, on either sides.
Let the parabolic bridge to a open downward parabola. Then its equation is x2 = -4ay ......(1)
Since 10 m is the height in the centre (0, 0) and AD = 30m.
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∴ A is the point (15, -10) which is in the IV quadrant A(1 5, -10) lies in (1)
152 = -4a(-10)
⇒ 225 45
10
= 4a ⇒ 2
− 45
(1) becomes x2 = y .....(2)
2
To find the height ohhe arch at x = 6 m, the point B(6, -y1) lies in (2)
62 = − 45 (-y )
1
2 − 45y
⇒ 1 36 × 2
36 = ⇒ =y
2 45 1
8
⇒ y = = 1.6
1 5
∴ Height of the arch on either sides
= 10-1.6 = 8.4m
71) A tunnel through a mountain for a four lane highway is to have a elliptical opening. The total width of the highway (not
the opening) is to be 16m, and the height at the edge of the road must be suuicient for a truck 4m high to clear if the
highest point of the opening is to be 5m approximately . How wide must the opening be?
Let the cross section ohhe tunnel be in elliptical form.

Given AA' 16 m ⇒ OA = 8 m and OB = 5m

2 2
∴ Equation of the ellipse is of the form x + y = 1 ......(1)
2 2 5 8
Let the width of the opening be 2h. At a distance of 4 m high, C(4. h) is a point on th ellipse
∴ 2(1)2becomes,
x y
+ =1
52 82
⇒ 16 y2 y2 16
+ =1⇒ =1−
25 64 64 25
⇒ y = 25 − 16 = 9
2

64 25 25
⇒ y = 64 × 9
2 25
⇒y = 8 × 3
5
⇒ y = 24
5
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⇒ y = 4.8
∴ Width of the highway for the opening is 2y = 2(4.8) = 9.6 m
72) At a water fountain, water attains a maximum height of 4m at horizontal distance of 0 5 . m from its origin. If the path of
water is a parabola, find the height of water at a horizontal distance of 0.75m from the point of origin.
Let the equation of the parabola be
(x - h)2 = -4a(y - k).
Here the vertex is (0, 5,4)
Equation of the parabola is (x - 0.5)2
= -4a(y-4) ...(1)
O(0, 0) is a point on the parabola
(0 - 0.5)2 = -4a (0 - 4)

⇒
( )
1
−1 2
2 = − 4a( − 4)
= 16a ⇒ a =
1

4 64
∴ (1) becomes as (x - 0.5)2 = − 4 × 1 (y − 4)
64
Also D(0.75, y1) is a point on the parabola
∴ (0.75- 0.5)2 = − 1 − 4)
16 (y 1

⇒
() 1 2
4 =
−1
6 (y
1 − 4)

⇒ 1 = -y1 +4
⇒ y1 =-1 + 4 = 3m
Height of the water at a horizontal distance of 0.75m is 3m
73) An engineer designs a satellite dish with a parabolic cross section. The dish is 5m wide at the opening, and the focus is
placed 1 2 . m from the vertex
(a) Position a coordinate system with the origin at the vertex and the x -axis on the parabola’s axis of symmetry and find
an equation of the parabola.
(b) Find the depth of the satellite dish at the vertex.
Let the cross section of the satellite dish be an right open parabola.

Its equation is y2 = 4ax

Since focus is placed 1.2 m from the vertex OA = 1.2 m and BC = 2.5 m since the width of the dish is 5m.
From the diagram, a = 1.2m
∴ y2 = 4(1.2)x
(a) ⇒ y2 = 4.8x ...(1)
(b) Since (x1, 2.5) lines on (1)(2.5)2 = 4.8(x1)
x= 2.5 × 2.5
1 4.8
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x1 = 1.3 m
∴ Depth of the satellite dish at the vertex is 1.3 m.
74) Parabolic cable of a 60m portion of the roadbed of a suspension bridge are positioned as shown below. Vertical Cables
are to be spaced every 6m along this portion of the roadbed. Calculate the lengths of first two of these vertical cables
from the vertex.

Let the of the parbola be x2 = 4ay (1)

Since (30, 16) is a point on (1),

we get 302 = 4 x a x 16
⇒ a = 30 × 30 = 225
4 × 16 16
∴ becomes, x2 = x2 = 4 × 225 y = 225 y
16 4
Let AC = h m and BD = lm
∴ A(6, h) is a point on the parabola [∵ OD = 6]
∴ 62 = 225 × h
4
⇒ h = 36 × 4 ⇒ h = 0.64
225
∴ AD = 3 + h = 3 + 0.64 = 3.64 m
Also (12, l) is a point on the parabola
[∵ ON =6 + 6 = 12]
∴ 122 = 225 × l
4
⇒l = 12 × 12 × 4 576
=225 = 2.56 = 5.56m
225
Hence the length of first two vertical cables are 3.64 m and 5.56 m.
75) Assume that water issuing from the end of a horizontal pipe, 7 5 . m above the ground, describes a parabolic path. The
vertex of the parabolic path is at the end of the pipe. At a position 2 5 . m below the line of the pipe, the flow of water has
curved outward 3m beyond the vertical line through the end of the pipe. How far beyond this vertical line will the water
strike the ground?
As per the given information, we can take the parabola as open downward.

∴ Its equation is x2 = -4ay ...(1)

Let P be a point on the flow paths, 2.5 m below the line of the pipe and 3m beyond the vertical line through the end of the pipe.
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∴ Pis (3, -2.5)

∴ (1) becomes 32 = -4a(-2.5)
⇒ − 9 = 4a
2.5
−9
∴ (1) becomes, x 2 = y .....(2)
1 2.5
Let x1 be the distance between the bottom of the verticallineon the ground from the pipeendand the point on which this water
touches the ground. But the height of the pipe from the ground is 7.5m.
∴ (x1 -7.5) lies on ....(2)
⇒ x 2 = − 9 (-7.5)
1 2.5

⇒ x1 = √9 × 3 = 3√3 m
The water strikes the ground 3√3 m beyond the vertical line.
76) On lighting a rocket cracker it gets projected in a parabolic path and reaches a maximum height of 4m when it is 6m
away from the point of projection. Finally it reaches the ground 12m away from the starting point. Find the angle of
projection.
By taking the vertex; at the origin, the parabola is open downward.

Its equation is x2= -4ay

It passes through (6, -4)
∴ 36 =-4a(-4) ⇒ 4a =4 - = 9
36

∴ (1) becomes, x2 = -9y

To find the slope at (-6,-4)
Diuerentiating (1) with respect to 'x' we get,
2x = -9 dy
dx
⇒ dy = − 2x
dx 9
At (-6, -4), dy = − 2 ( − 6 = 12
=
4
)

3dx 9 ()
39 3

∴ 4 4
tanθ = ⇒ θ = tan − 1
∴ The angle of projection is tan
()
4
-1
3

77) Find the vertex, focus, equation of directrix and length of the latus rectum of the following:
x2−2x+8y+17=0
x2-2x+ 8y+ 17 = 0
2
x - 2x = -8y - 17
Adding 1 both sides, we get
x2 - 2x + 1 = -8y - 17 + 1
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⇒ (x - 1)2 = -8y - 16 = -8(y + 2)
⇒ (x - 1)2 = -8(y + 2)
This is a open downward parabola, latus
rectum 4a = 8 ⇒a = 2.
(a) Vertex is (1, -2)
⇒ h = 1, k=-2
(b) focus is (0 + h, - a + k)
⇒ (0+ 1,-2-2)
⇒ (1,-4)
(c) Equation of directrix is y = k + a
⇒ y = -2 + 2 ⇒ y = 0
(d) Length of latus rectum is 4a = 8 units.

78) Find the vertex, focus, equation of directrix and length of the latus rectum of the following: y2−4y−8x+12=0
y2 - 4y - 8x + 12 = 0
y2-4y=8x-12
Adding 4 both sides, we get,
y - 4y + 4 = 8x - 12 + 4 = 8x - 8
⇒ (y - 2)2 = 8(x - 1)
This is a right open parabola and latus
rectum is 4a = 8 ⇒a = 2.
(a) Vertex is (1, 2) ⇒ h = 1, k= 2
(b) focus is (h + a, 0 + k)
⇒ (1 + 2, 0 + 2)
⇒ (3, 2)
(c) Equation of directrix is x = h - a
⇒ x= 1-2
⇒ x= -1
(d) Length of latus rectum is 4a = 8 units.
79) The guides of a railway bridge is a parabola with its vertex at the highest point 15 m above the ends. If the span is 120 m,
find the height of the bridge at 24 m from the middle point.

Let us take the axis AX as the and the tangent AY at A as y-axis.

Equation of the parabola is y2 = 4ax
CA 15, FG = 120
CF = CG= 60
F is (15, 60)
Since F lies on (1), 602 =Aa(15) ∴ ⇒ a = 60
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y2 = 240x
When y = 24, 242= 240(x)
⇒ x = 24 × 24
240
x= 24
= 12
= 2.4
10 5
From the diagram
BD=BE-ED= 15-2.4 = 12.6m.
Hence the required height is 12.6 m.
80) A kho-kho player In a practice Ion while running realises that the sum of tne distances from the two kho-kho poles from
him is always 8m. Find the equation of the path traced by him of the distance between the poles is 6m.
Given F1P + F2P = 8
By the focal property of ellipse
F1P + F2P = 2a
∴ 2a = 8 ⇒ a = 4
and distance between the foci = F1F2 = 6
2ae = 6 ⇒ ae = 3
∴ 4(e) = 3 ⇒ e 3
4

∴ b2 = a2(1- e2)
=
3 2 9 7

(
16 1 − ()) (
4
= 16 1 − 10 ) ( )
= 16 16
∴ The path traced by him is an ellipse and its equation is
=7
x2
+
y2
=1
a2 b2
⇒ x2 y2 =1
−
16 7
81) Identify the type of conic and find centre, foci, vertices, and directrices of each of the following :
18x2+12y2−144x+48y+120 = 0
18x2+ 12y2 - 144x + 48y + 120 = 0
Given equation is
18x2 + 12y2 - 144x + 48y + 120 = 0
18x2 - 144x + 12y2 + 48y = -120
⇒ 18(x2 - 8x) + 12(y2 + 4y) = -120
⇒ 18(x2-8x+ 16-16)+ 12(y2 +4y+4-4)=-120
18(x - 4)2 - 288 + 12 (y + 2)2- 48 = -120
⇒ 18(x - 4)2+ 12(y + 2)2 = -120 + 288 + 48
⇒ 18(x - 4)2+ 12(y + 2)2 = 216
Dividing by 216 we get,
18 ( x − 4 ) 2 12 ( y + 2 ) 2
216
+ 216 = 1
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(x−4)2 (y+2)2
⇒ + =1
12 18
This is an equation of the ellipse with major axis parallel to y-axis,
∴ a2 = 18, b2 = 12
∴ c2 = a2 - b2 = 18 -12 = 6 ⇒ c = √6
12 18 − 12

√
18
e= 1− = 1− =
ab22 18

√ √
(a) Center is (4, -2)
⇒ h =4, k= -2
(b) Vertices are (h, k-a), (h, k + a)
⇒ (4, -2 - 3√2), (4, -2 + 3√2)
[∴ a2 = 18 ⇒ a = √18 = 3√2]
(c) Foci are (h, k - c), (h, k + c)
⇒ (4, -2 - √6), (4, -2 + √6)
(d) Equation of directrices are y + 2 = a
±e
⇒ y+ 2 =± a
e
3√2
⇒y − 2 = ± 1
= ± 3√2 × √3 = ± 3√6
√3
⇒ y + 2 = ± 3√6, y + 2 = − 3√6
⇒ y = − 2 + 3√6 and y = − 2 − 3√6
82) Identify the type of conic and find centre, foci, vertices, and directrices of each of the following :
9x2−y2−36x−6y+18 = 0
9x2- y2- 36x - 6y + 18 = 0
Given equation is 9x2- y2- 36x - 6y + 18 = 0
⇒ 9x2 - 36x - (y2 + 6y) = -18
⇒ 9(x2-4x)-(y2+6y)=-18
⇒ 9(x2 - 4x + 4 - 4) - (y2 + 6y + 9 - 9) = -18
⇒ 9(x-2)2-36-(y+3)2+9=-18
⇒ 9(x-2)2 - (y+3)2 =-18+36-9
⇒ 9(x - 2)2 - (y + 3)2 = 9
Dividing by 9 we get, (x−2)2 (y+3)2
− =1
1 9
This is an equation of the hyperbola whose transverse axis is parallel to x-axis.
a2 = 1, b2 = 9
∴ c2 = a2 + b2 = 1 + 9 = 10 ⇒ c = √10

√
b2 9

e= 1−

a) Center is (2, -3)

a2
=
√ 1− 1 = √10

⇒ h =2, k = -3
(b) Foci are (h + c, k), (17 - c, k)
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⇒ (2 +√10, -3), (2 - √10, -3)
(c) Vertic ar (h + a, k) (h - a, k)
⇒ (2+ 1,-3), (2-1,-3)
⇒ (3, -3) (1, -3)
(d) Equation of directrices are x - 2 ±= a
e
⇒x − 2 = ± 1
√10
1
x=2 ±
√10 1
⇒ x = 2 + 1 and x = 2 −
√10 √10
a b c
83) With usual notations, in any triangle ABC, prove by vector method that = =
sinA sinB sinc
With usual notations in triangle, ABC let → , → → and . Then → , → → and →
→
BC = →
a CA = b AB = BC = →
a CA = AB = →
c
→
c b
Since in ΔABC, → → → we have → → → → →
BC + CA + AB = BC × (BC + CA + AB) = 0
0
Simplyfying, we get,
→ → → → (1)
BC × CA = AB × BC ............

Similarly, since → → → , we have

BC + CA + AB = 0
Simplifying, we get → → → →
BC × CA = CA × AB
From equations (1) and (2), we get .............(2)
→ → = → → =→ →
AB × BC CA × AB BC × CA

AB × BC CA × AB BC ×
So, → → → →CA →
|→
| |
= − B) = bc sin(π - =
ca sin(π | |
A) = ab sin (π - C) |
That is, ca sin B = bc sin A = absinC . Dividing by abc , we get
sinA sinB sinC or a b c
A
= b
= = = sinA sinB sinC
c
84) Prove by vector method that sin(α −β )=sinα cosβ −cosα sinβ
Let → and → be the unit vectors making angles αand βrespectively, with positive x -axis, where A and B are as
ˆ
â = OA b = OB
shown in the diagram. Then, we get
â = cosα î + sinαĵ and b̂ˆ = cosβ î + sin β ĵ ,
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The angle between â and b̂ is α −β and, the vectors b̂, â, k̂ form a right-handed system.
Hence, we get b̂ × â =

On the other hand,

|b̂ | |â|sin(α −β )k̂ =sin(α −β)k̂ = (sin α cos β -cos α sin β)

| |
î ĵ k̂
b̂ × â = cosβ sinβ 0 k̂
sinα sinα 0

Hence, by equations (1) and (2), we get

sin(α −β ) = sin α cos β − cos α sin
β
85) Prove by vector method that the perpendiculars (attitudes) from the vertices to the opposite sides of a triangle are
concurrent.
Consider a triangle ABC in which the two altitudes AD and BE intersect at O. Let CO be produced to meet AB at F. We take O as
the origin and let → , → → and →
→
OA = a OB = b OC = → c

Since → is perpendicular to → , we have → is perpendicular to → , and hence we get → . → = 0. Thnat is, → ,

→
AD BC OA BC OA BC a. (→
c − b) = 0
which means
a. ĉ − â. b̂ = 0...............(1)
→

Similarly, since → is perpendicular to → , we have → is perpendicular to → , and hence we get → → = 0. That is,
BE CA OB CA OB. CA
a. ĉ − b̂. ĉ = 0.............(2)
→

Adding equations (1) and (2), gives →

a. ĉ − b̂. ĉ = 0. That is, ĉ (â − b̂) = 0
That is → . → = 0. Therefore, → is perpendicular to → . Which implies that → is perpendicular to → . Hence, the
OC BA BA OC CF AB
perpendicular drawn from C to the side AB passes through O. Therefore, the altitudes are concurrent
86) Using vector method, prove that cos(α − β )=cos α cos β +sin α sin β
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Let → and → be the unit vectors and which make angles α,βrespectively with positive x-axis Draw AL and BM 丄 to
ˆ
â = OA b = OB
axis
→ =cosα=cosα
Then →
| OL | = | OA |
→ → sinα=sinα
| LA | = | OB |
[∵ ΔOAL, sinα= opp cosα = adj ]
hyp hyp
∴ → → ˆ ˆ
OL = | OL | i = cosα i
→ →
LA = | LA | ĵ = sinαĵ
∴ → → → [Using Δ law of addition]
â = OA = OL + LA
â = cosαî + sinαĵ
Similarly b̂ = cosαî + sinαĵ ......(2)
The angle between â and b̂ is (α-β)
a | | b | cos(α-β)=cos(α-β)
∴ â. b̂ = | → →

.........(3) [∵ | →
a | = | b | =1]
Also → →
a. b = (cosαî + sinαĵ )(cosβî + sinβĵ )
â b̂=cosα cosβ + sinα sinβ .....(4)
From (3) and (4), we get
cos(α-β)=cosα cosβ + sinα sinβ
87) Prove by vector method that sin(α + β )=sin α cos β + cos α sin β

Let → and → be the unit vectors and which make angles α,β respectively with positive x-axis
ˆ
â = OA b = OB
Draw AL and BM 丄 to x-axis
Then → → → →
ˆ
| OL | = | OA | cosα ⇒ OL = | OL | i = cosα i ˆ
→ → sinα
| LA | = | OB |
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⇒ → →
ˆ ˆ ˆ
LA = | OB | j = sinα( − j ) = − sinα j
[ → is in the opp direction of y axis]
LA
→ → → ...(1)
ˆ ˇ
â = OA = OL + LA = cosα i − sinα j
Similarly → → → ....(2)
ˆ ˆ ˆ
b = OB = OM + MB = cosβ i + sinβ j
Now â × b̂ = | â | | b̂ | sin(α + β)k̂ = sin(α + β)k̂ ....(3) [ | â
| = | b̂ | =1]
Also

| |
î ĵ k̂
â × b̂ = cosα − sinα 0
cosβ cosβ 0

=î (0) − ĵ (0) + k̂(cosα sinβ + sinα cosβ)

=(sinα cosβ + cosα sinβ)k̂ .......(4)
using (3) and (4), sin(α+β)=sinα cosβ + cosα sinβ
88) → → →
ˆ d =→2 i + ˆ5 j + kˆ
= i − j , b = i −ˆ j −ˆ4k, cˆ = 3 j − kˆ and ˆ
→ →
If a
→ → → → →→→→ →→→→
(i) (a × b) × (c × d) = [a, b, d]c − [a, b, c]d
→ →
(ii) → → →→→→ →→→→
(a × b) × (c × d) = [a, c, d]b − [b, c, d]a
By definition,

| | |
î ĵ k̂
→ →
→
a×b = 1 −1 0 = 4î + 4ĵ , →
c×d = 0 3 −1 = 8î − 2ĵ − 6k̂

|
î 1 −ĵ 1 −k̂ 4 2 5 1

..........(1)

| |
î ĵ k̂
→ →
(→
a × b)(→
c × d) = 4 4 0 = 24î + 24ĵ − 40k̂
8 −2 −
6
On the other hand, we have
→→→ → → → → → → → ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ .......(2)
[abd]c − [a, b, c ]d = 28(3 j − k) − 12(2 i + 5 j + k) = − 24 i + 24 j − 40k
Therefore, from equations (1) and (2), identity (i) is verified.
The verification of identity (ii) is leh as an exercise to the reader
x−1 y−2 z−3 x−4 y−1
89) Find the point of intersection of the lines = = and = =z
2 3 4 5 2
x−1 y−2 z−3
Every point on the line = = = s (say) is of the form (2s + 1, 3s + 2, 4s + 3) and every point on the line
2 3 4
x−4 y−1
= = z = t (say) is of the form (5t + 4, 2t + 1, t). So, at the point of intersection, for some values of s and t, we have
5 2
(2s + 1, 3s + 2, 4s + 3) = (5t + 4, 2t + 1, t)
Therefore, 2s - 5t = 3, 3s - 2t = -1 and 4s - t = -3. Solving the first two equations we get t = -1, s = -1. These values of s and t satisfy
the third equation. Therefore, the given lines intersect. Substituting, these values of t or s in the respective points, the point of
intersection is (-1,- 1, -1)
90)
^
Determine whether the pair of straight lines →
r(2î r = (2ĵ − 3k̂) + s(î + 2ĵ + 3k̂) are
+ 3j − k̂) + t(2î + 3ĵ + 2k̂), →
parallel. Find the shortest distance between them.
Comparing the given two equations with

a + s b and →
→ → →
r =→ r =→
c + sd
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We have ^ → →
→
a = 2î + 3j − 3k̂, b = 2î + 3ĵ + 4k̂, →
c = î + 2ĵ , d = î + 2ĵ + 3k̂
Clearly, →
b is not a scalar multiple of d . So, the two vectors are not parallel and hence the two lines are not parallel.
→

The shortest distance between the two straight lines is given by

| (c×a).(b×d)|
→ → → →

δ=
→ →

|b × d |

|
î ĵ k̂
→ →

|
b×d= 2 3 4
1 2 3 = î − 2ĵ + k̂

a). (b × d) = ( − 2î − 4ĵ − 6k̂). (î − 2ĵ + k̂) = 0

→ →
(→
c −→
Therefore, the distance between the two given straight lines is zero.Thus, the given lines intersect each other.
x−3 y−3 x−6 z−1
91) Show that the lines = = z − 1 and = , y − 2 = 0 intersect. Also find
3 −1 2 3
the point of intersection
Given lines are x − 3 = y − ....(1)
3
3 −1
and z-1=0
⇒ z=1
and x−6 z− ....(2)
1 =
2 3
and y-2=0 ⇒ y=2
Substituting y = 2 and z = 1 in (1) we get
x−3 2−3 −
= = 11=
−
1 ⇒x − 3 = 3 ⇒x = 6
3 −1
The point of intersection is (6, 2, 1)
Let us check whether (6, 2, 1) satisfies (1) and (2)
6−6 1−1
(1) → = ⇒0 = 0
2 3
6−3 1−3
(2) → ⇒− 1 = − 1
3= −
Hence, the given
1 two lines intersect and the point of intersection is (6, 2, 1).
92) Find the vector parametric, vector non-parametric and Cartesian form of the equation of the plane passing through the
x−1 2y + 1 z+1
points (-1, 2, 0), (2, 2, -1)and parallel to the straight line 1 2 −1
= =
The required plane is parallel to the given line and so it is parallel to the vector →
c = î + ĵ − k̂ and the plane passes through the
points → →
a = − î + 2ĵ , b = 2î + 2ĵ − k̂
(i) vector equation of the plane in parametric form is → r =→
→
a + s( b − →
a) + t→ c , where s, t ∈ R
which implies that →r = ( − î + 2ĵ ) + s(3î − k̂) + t(î + ĵ − k̂), where s, t ∈ R
(ii) vector equation of the plane in non-parametric form is (→
r −→
→
a). (b − → c )= 0
a) × →
Now,

| |
î ĵ k̂
→
(b − →
a) × →
c 3 0 − = î + 2ĵ + 3k̂
1
=
1 −1 −
we have (→ î + 2ĵ + 3k̂)= 0 ⇒ →
r − ( − î + 2ĵ ). (1 r . (î + 2ĵ + 3k̂)= 3
If →
r . (î + 2ĵ + 3k̂) is the position vector of an arbitrary point on the plane, then from the above equation, we get the Cartesian
equation of the plane as x + 2y + 3z = 3
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93) Find the non-parametric form of vector equation, and Cartesian equation of the plane passing through the point (2,3,6)
x−1 y+1 z−3 x+3 y−3 z+1
and parallel to the straight lines = = and = =
2 3 1 2 −5 −3
The plane passes through the point.
x−1
a = 2î + 3ĵ + 6k̂ and parallel to the lines
→
2
y+1 z−3 x+3 y−3 z +1
=3= 1 and 2= −5
= −3
→
→
⇒ b = 2î + 3ĵ + k̂and c = 2î − 5ĵ − 3k̂

| |
î ĵ k̂
→
b×→
c 2 3 4
= 2 −5 −3
= î ( − 9 + 5) − ĵ ( − 6 − 2) + k̂( − 10 − 6)
= − 4î + 8ĵ − 16k̂
The non-parametric vector equation of the plane is
→
(→
r. →
a). ( b × →
c ) = 0,
⇒ [→
r (2î + 3ĵ + 16k̂). ( − 4î + 8ĵ − 16k̂)] = 0
⇒ [→
r . ( − 4î + 8ĵ − 16k̂)] − ( − 8 + 24 − 96) = 0
⇒ →
r . ( − 4î + 8ĵ − 16k̂) = − 80
÷ − 4, We get
→
r . (î − 2ĵ + 4k̂) = 20
Let → r = xî + yĵ + zk̂
⇒ (xî + yĵ + zk̂). (î − 2ĵ + 4k̂) = 20
⇒ x = 2y + 4z = 20
⇒ x − 2y + 4z − 20 = 0
94) Find the parametric form of vector equation, and Cartesian equations of the plane passing through the points (2, 2,1),
(9,3,6) and perpendicular to the plane 2x + 6y + 6z = 9
Given plane is passing through the points
→
→
a = 2î + 2ĵ + 2k̂ b = 9î + 3ĵ + 6k̂
Equation of the given plane is 2x + 6y + 6z = 9. It can be written as →
r . (2î + 6ĵ + 6k̂) = 9
Since the given plane is perpendicular to 2î + 6ĵ + 6k̂ , the required plane is parallel to → c = 2î + 6ĵ + 6k̂ . Hence, parametric
form of vector equation of plane passing through two points and parallel to a vector is
→
→
r =→
a + s( b − →
a) + t→
c , s, t ∈ R
→
r = 2î + 2ĵ + k̂ + s(7î + ĵ + 5k̂) + t(2î + 6ĵ + 6k̂), s, t ∈ R
Cartesian equation of the plane is

x − x1 y − y1 z − z1

| x 2 − x 1 y2 − y1 z2 − z1
c1 c2 c3
| =0

x−2y−2z−1
⇒
| 7
2
1
6
5
6

⇒ (x-2)(6-30) - (y-2)(42-10) + (z-1)(42-2) = 0

| =0

⇒ (x - 2)(-24) - (y - 2)(32) + (z - 1)(40) = 0

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⇒ 24x + 48 - 32y + 64 + 40z - 40 = 0
⇒ -24x - 32y + 40z + 72 = 0
÷ + - 8 we get
3'x+ 4y - 5z - 9 = 0 is the Cartesian form.
∴ The parametric form of vector equation is
→ → → → →
r = r (3 i + 4 j − 5k) = 9
95) Find parametric form of vector equation and Cartesian equations of the plane passing through the points (2, 2,1), (1,
−2,3) and parallel to the straight line passing through the points (2,1,−3) and (−1,5,−8)
The plane passes through two points
→
→
a = 2î + 2ĵ + k̂andb = î − 2ĵ + 3k̂
The straight line passing through the points
(2, 1, -3) and (-1,5, -8) is
y − y1
x − x1
= y −y
= zz −− zz1.
x −x
2 1 2 1 2 1
x−2 y−1 z+3
⇒ = =
−1−2 5−1 −8+3
x−2 y−1 z+3
⇒ −3 = 4 = −5
Hence the required plane is parallel to the vector
→
c = − 3î + 4ĵ − 5k̂
The parametric form of vector equation of the plane passing through two points → →
a, b parallel to a vector
→
→
c is→
r =→
a + s( b − →
a) + t→
c , s, t ∈ R,
r .2î + 2ĵ + k̂ + s( − î − 4ĵ + 2k̂) + t(3î − 4ĵ + 5k̂) s, t ∈ R
→

Cartesian form of the plane passing through two points and parallel to a vector is

x − x1 y − y1 z − z1

| x 2 − x 1 y2 − y1 z2 − z1
c1 c2 c3
| =0

[∵ (x1,Y1, Z1) is (2, 2,1), (X2,Y2, Z2) is (-1, -2,3) & c1, c2, c3 is -3, 4 -5]

x−2y−2z−1
⇒
| −1
−3
−4
4
2
−5

⇒ (x - 2)(20 - 8) - (y- 2)(5+ 6) + (z-1)(-4 -12) = 0

| =0

⇒ (x - 2)(12) - (y - 2)(11) + (z - 1)(-16) = 0

⇒ 12x- 24 -11y + 22 -16z + 16 = 0
⇒ 12x-11y-16z+ 14 =0
96) Find the non-parametric form of vector equation of the plane passing through the point (1, −2, 4) and perpendicular to
x+7 y+3 z
the plane x + 2y −3z = 11 and parallel to the line = =
3 −1 1
Equation of the plane passing through the point
=→
a = î − 2ĵ + 4 (1)
Equation of the given plane is X + 2y - 3z = 11
⇒ →
r . (î + 2ĵ − 3k̂) = 11
The given plane is perpendicular to the vector î + 2ĵ − 3k̂
∴ The required plane is parallel to the vector
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→
b = î + 2ĵ − 3k̂ (2)
The given plane is parallel to the line
= Whose direction ratios are 3,-1,1
x+7 y+3 z
=
3 −1 1
The required plane is parallel to the vector
→
c = 3î − ĵ + k̂ (3)
∴ The non-parametric vector equation of the plane passing through a point (→
a ) and parallel to two vectors b and →
→
c is
→
(→
r −→
a). ( b × →
c) = 0

| |
î ĵ k̂
→
b×→
c 1 2 −3
= 3 −1 1
= î (2 − 3) − ĵ (1 + 9) + k̂( − 1 − 6)
= − î − 10ĵ − 7k̂
∴ (→
r − (î − 2ĵ + 4k̂)). ( − î − 10ĵ − 7k̂) = 0
[→
r − ( − î − 10ĵ − 7k̂)] − [(î − 2ĵ + 4k̂). ( − î − 10ĵ − 7k̂)] = 0
⇒ →
r . ( − î − 10ĵ − 7k̂) − [ − 1 + 20 − 28] = 0
⇒ →
r . ( − î − 10ĵ − 7k̂) × 9 = 0
⇒ →
r . (î + 10ĵ + 7k̂) − 9 = 0
⇒ →
r . (î + 10ĵ + 7k̂) = 9
Let ⇒ → r = xî + yĵ + zk̂
∴ (xî + yĵ + zk̂). (î + 10ĵ + 7k̂) = 9
⇒ + 10y+ 7z= 9 which is the required Cartesian equation of the plane.
97) Find the parametric vector, non-parametric vector and Cartesian form of the equations of the plane passing through the
points (3,6,−2), (−1,−2,6) , and (6,−4,−2).
The plane passing through three points namely
a = 3î + 2k̂ + 6k̂ ,
→

b = 3î − 2ĵ + 6k̂ and

→

→
c = 6î − 4ĵ − 2k̂
Now, →
b−→ a = ( − 1 − 3)î + ( − 2 − 6)ĵ + ( − 2 + 2)k̂
= − 4î − 8ĵ + 8k̂
→
c −→a = (6 − 3)î + ( − 4 − 6)ĵ + ( − 2 + 2)k̂
= 3î − 10ĵ
The parametric form of vector equation of the plane passing through three points is
→ →
r =→
a + s( b − →
a) + t(→
c −→
a), s, t ∈ R
⇒ →
r = (3i + 6i − 2k) + s(4î − 8ĵ + 8k̂) + (3î − 10ĵ )s, t ∈ R
The parametric form of vector equation of the plane passing through three points is

a] = 0
→
[→
r −→
a, b − →
a, →
c −→
⇒ →
r − (3i + 6i − 2k). [(4î − 8ĵ 8k̂) + (3î − 10ĵ )] = 0
Cartesian equation is
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x − x 1 y − y1 z − z1 x2

| − x 1 y 2 − y1 z2 − z1 x 3 −
x 1 y3 − y1 z3 − z1
| =0

x−3y−6x+2
⇒
| −4
3
−8
− 10

⇒ (x-3)(0 + 80) - (y-6)(0- 24) + (z + 2)(40 + 24) = 0

8
0
| =0

⇒ 80x - 240 +24y- 144 + +64z+ 128 = 0

⇒ 80x + 24y + 64z - 256 = 0
÷ 8 we get
10x + 3y + 8z,- 32 = 0
x−1 y+1 z x−1 y+1 z
98) If the straight lines = = and = = are coplanar, find λand equations of the planes containing
2 λ 2 2 λ λ
these two lines.
x−1 x−1
= and
y+1 z y+1 z
=
2 λ 2 2
= λ
=λ
→
∴ →
a = î − ĵ , b = 2î + λĵ + 2k̂
→ →
→
c = − î − ĵ , d = 5î + 2ĵ + λ k
→ →
(c − a ) = − 2î ,
and

| |
î ĵ k̂
→ →
(b × d ) = 2
5
λ
2
2
λ
= î λ 2 − 4 − ĵ (2λ − 10) + k̂(4 − 5λ)
( )
Since the given lines are co-planar,
→ →
(c − a ). (b × d ) = 0
→ →

⇒ ( − 2î ). [(λ 2
)
− 4 î − ĵ (2λ − 10) + k̂(4 − 5λ) = 0 ]
⇒ − 2 λ2 − 4 = 0 ( )
2
⇒λ = 4 [ ∵ − 2 ≠ 0]
⇒ λ = ± √4 = ± 2
The Cartesian equation of the plane containing the given lines is

x − x 2 y − y 2 z − z2

| b1
d1
b2
d2
b3
d3
|
⇒ 2 2 2 = 0[ ∵ λ = 2]

| |
x + 51 y +21 z2

⇒ (x + 1)(4 − 4) − (y + 1)(4 − 10) + z(4 − 10) = 0

⇒ (x + 1)(0) − (y + 1)( − 6) + z( − 6) = 0
⇒ 6(y + 1) − 6z = 0
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⇒y + 1 − z = 0
⇒ y − z + 1 = 0 which is the required equation of the plane containing the given lines
99) Find the coordinates of the foot of the perpendicular and length of the perpendicular from the point ( 4,3,2) to the
plane x + 2y + 3z = 2
Given equation of plane is x + 2y + 3z = 2
Length of perpendicular from (4, 3, 2) to the plane is
4 + 2(3) + 3(2) 4+6+6
d=
√14
=
√1
2
+ 2 2 + 32

= 14 √14. √14 units

= = √14
√14 √14
Let us find the image of the point (4,3,2) to the plane x + 2y + 3z = 2
Here →
u = 4î + 3ĵ + 2k̂, →
n = î + 2ĵ + 3k̂
Then the image 2 [ p − (→ n) ]
u. →
→
v =→
u+ →
|n | 2
2[2 − (4 + 6 + 6)]
→
(
v = 4î + 3ĵ + 2k̂ + ) (î + 2ĵ + 3k̂ )
(√ 12 + 22 + 32 )
= 4î + 3ĵ + 2k̂ + 2 ( 2 − 16 )
( ) 14 (î + 2ĵ + 3k̂ )
= 2( − 14)
(4î + 3ĵ + 2k̂ ) + 14
(î + 2ĵ + 3k̂ )
= 4î + 3ĵ + 2k̂ − 2 î + 2ĵ + 3k̂
( ) ( )
= 4î + 3ĵ + 2k̂ − 2 î + 4ĵ − 6k̂
( ) ( )
= 2î − ĵ − 4k̂
∴ The foot of the ⊥ from (4,3,2) to the plane is
(4ˆi + 3ĵ + 2k̂ ) + (2ˆi − ĵ − 4k̂ ) 2
= 6ˆi + 2ĵ − 2k̂
= 3î + ĵ − k̂
2

Hence, the co-ordinates of' the foot of the perpendicular is (3, 1, -1)
100) Find the vector and Cartesian equation of the plane passing through the point (1,1, -1) and perpendicular to the planes
x + 2y + 3z - 7 = 0 and 2x - 3y + 4z = 0
The normal vector to the planes
x + 2y + 3z - 7 = 0, 2x - 3y + 4z = 0 are
∧
→
∧ ∧ and → ∧ ∧ ∧
b = i + 2 j + 3k c = 2 i − 3 j + 4k
∴ The required planes passes through the point → ∧ ∧ ∧ and parallel to two vector 5 namely → and →
a = i + j+ k b c
∴ The Parametric form of vectors equation of the plans is →
r =→
→
c s, t ∈ R
a + s b + t→
→ → → → → → → → → →
(
r= i +j−k ) + s (i + 2 j + 3k ) + t (2 i − 3 j + 4k ),
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Cartesian equation is

| |
x − x1 y − y1 z − z1
b1 b2 b3 =0
c1 c2 c3

⇒ 1 2 3 =0
x −2 1 y −− 1 z +4 1

| 3
|
⇒ (x - 1) (8 + 9) - (y - 1)(4 - 6) + (z + 1)(-3 -4) = 0
⇒ 17 (x - 1) +2 (y - 1) -7 (z + 1) = 0
⇒ 17x - 17 + 2y - 2 - 7z - 7 = 0
⇒ 17x + 2y - 7z - 26 = 0