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Model Answer For Second Mid Term

Here are three major losses in DC motors: 1. Copper losses: This refers to the heat generated due to the resistance of the motor windings when current passes through them. It depends on the resistance of the armature and field windings and the current flowing through them. 2. Iron losses: This includes eddy current losses and hysteresis losses that occur in the motor core due to alternating magnetic fields. Eddy currents are induced in the iron core due to changing magnetic flux, which heat up the core. Hysteresis loss occurs due to the lag between magnetization and demagnetization of the iron core. 3. Friction and windage losses: This includes mechanical friction losses between moving parts like

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Frank Hayag
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67 views

Model Answer For Second Mid Term

Here are three major losses in DC motors: 1. Copper losses: This refers to the heat generated due to the resistance of the motor windings when current passes through them. It depends on the resistance of the armature and field windings and the current flowing through them. 2. Iron losses: This includes eddy current losses and hysteresis losses that occur in the motor core due to alternating magnetic fields. Eddy currents are induced in the iron core due to changing magnetic flux, which heat up the core. Hysteresis loss occurs due to the lag between magnetization and demagnetization of the iron core. 3. Friction and windage losses: This includes mechanical friction losses between moving parts like

Uploaded by

Frank Hayag
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MODEL ANSWER FOR SECOND MID TERM

2. We need to determine the equivalent circuit impedances of a 20 kVA, 8000/240 V, 60


Hz transformer. The open-circuit and short-circuit tests led to the following data:

VOC = 8000 V VSC = 489 V

IOC = 0.214 A ISC = 2.5 A

POC = 400 W PSC = 240 W

Solution: The power factor during the open-circuit test is

POC 400
PF = cos θ = = = 0.234 lagging
VOC ∗ IOC 8000 ∗ 0.214
The excitation admittance is
IOC 0.214 1 1
YE = VOC < − cos−1 PF = < − cos−1 0.234 = 0.0000063 − j0.0000261 = RC − j XM
8000

1 1
Therefore: RC = = 159kΩ; XM = = 38.3kΩ
0.0000063 0.0000261

The power factor during the short-circuit test is


PSC 240
PF = cos θ = = = 0.196 lagging
VSC ∗ ISC 489 ∗ 2.5
The series impedance is given by

VSC 489
ZSC = < cos −1 PF = < 78.7° = 38.4 + j192 Ω
ISC 2.5
Therefore: Req = 38.3 Ω; Xeq = 192Ω

The equivalent circuit


3. A 15-kVA, 23001230-V transformer is to be tested to determine its excitation branch
components, its series impedances, and its voltage regulation. The following test data
have been taken from the primary side of the transformer:

(a) Find the equivalent circuit of this transformer referred to the high-voltage side.
(b) Find the equivalent circuit of this transformer referred to the low-voltage side.
(c) Calculate the full-load voltage regulation at 0.8 lagging power factor, 1.0 power
factor, and at 0.8 leading power factor.
(d) What is the efficiency of the transformer at full load with a power factor of 0.8
lagging?
Solution:
Solution: VT = 240 V, RA = 0.064Ω, RF = 93.6Ω

(a)The output power in watts Pout = 30hp*746 W/hp = 22,380 W

Pout 22380
Efficiency = × 100 = × 100 = 88.5
Pin Pin
22380∗100
Pin = = 25288 W
88.5

Pin 25288
The line current IL = = = 105.37 A
VT 240
VT 240
the field current IF = = = 2.564 A
RF 93.6

The armature current IA = IL – IF = 105.37 – 2.564 = 102.8 A

Therefore, at full load armature I2R losses are PA = I2ARA = (102.8)2*0.064 = 673.34 W

At full load field circuit I2R losses are Pf = I2FRF = (2.564)2*93.6 = 615.33 W
The output power Pout = Pin – PA – Pf – Prot - Pstray

Where Pstay is 1% of Pin

Prot = Pin – PA – Pf – Pstray - Pout = 25288 – 673.34 – 615.33 – 0.01*25288 – 22380

Prot = 1366.45 W
Prot 1366.45
Percentage of Rotational losses = × 100 = × 100
Pin 25288

= 5.4 % rotational losses

(b)Let Rs be the series starter resistance, then


VT 240
Ia = = = 1.75 ∗ 102.8
Ra+Rs 0.064+Rs

Rs + 0.064 = 1.334

Rs = 1.27Ω
n1 ∅2 0.9 ∅
(c) = =
n2 ∅1 ∅

n1 1150
n2 = = = 1277.77 rpm
0.9 0.9

Q6) List and define three major losses in DC motors.


Q7) Compare between the three types of DC motors

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