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TWIN DISC WATERJETS

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IN P U T R . P . M .

CONTENTS

MODEL RANGE ................................................................................1

CURRENT RANGE
HULL SHAPES ..................................................................................2
PLANING MONOHEDRAN VESSELS ........................................2
MULTI HULLS .......................................................................2
PLANING DIAGRAMS .............................................................3
SEMI PLANING VESSELS ........................................................4
DISPLACEMENT HULLS .........................................................5
DISPLACEMENT VESSELS ......................................................6
JET SELECTION GUIDELINES ..........................................................7
HIGH SPEED MONOHULLS .....................................................8
DISPLACEMENT HULLS .........................................................9
SPEED GUIDE TABLE CALCULATIONS ..........................................10
DYNAMIC THRUST CURVES INFORMATION ..................................11
PERFORMANCE CURVES ................................................................12
SPEED PERFORMANCE CURVES ....................................................13
JET PERFORMANCE CURVES

TWIN DISC WATER JETS

JET SELECTION GUIDE

ISSUE DATE: 01/02/01
TWIN DISC JETS CURRENT RANGE

The “TWIN DISC JETS” series of Waterjets is the culmination of over 25 years
design and manufacturing experience in marine propulsion systems.
The Waterjets feature the latest in Waterjet Propulsion technology with a complete
range of models from the DJ60 to the DJ200 Series matching engines from 30HP to
3750HP diesels.
Case study examples of TWIN DISC Waterjets are available worldwide.

Range of DOEN "AQUAPEL SERIES" Waterjets

Model No. Max. Rec. Power Input
DJ60 (152mm) 100HP / 75kw – 5500RPM
DJ80 (203mm) 302HP / 225kw – 4500RPM
DJ85 (216mm) 402HP / 300kw – 4200RPM
DJ100 (254mm) 302HP / 225kw – 3600RPM
DJ105 (267mm) 335HP / 250kw – 3400RPM
DJ110 (280mm) 402HP / 300kw – 3200RPM
DJ130 (330mm) 503HP / 375kw – 2800RPM
DJ140 (356mm) 805HP / 600kw – 2600RPM
DJ142 (356mm) ( 2 Stage) 1073HP / 800kw – 2400RPM
DJ160 (406mm) 1073HP / 800kw – 2250RPM
DJ170 (432mm) 1670HP / 1250kw – 2100RPM
DJ200 SERIES INCLUDING
DJ200 (508mm) 1950HP / 1450kw – 1800RPM
DJ220 (559mm) 2346HP / 1750kw – 1600RPM
DJ260 (660mm) 3285HP / 2450kw – 1350RPM
DJ280 (711mm) 3750HP / 2800kw – 1250RPM
TWIN DISC WATERJETS TO MATCH ENGINES
larger than 1450kw are made to
order and to individual intake specifications.

NOTE: BOOSTER JETS CAN BE PROVIDED TO ORDER

FROM THE DJ130 AND UPWARDS.
Twin Disc srl
Via Dei Calzolai 92, 55040 Capezzano Pianore (Lu) Italy
Tel:+39 0584 969696, Fax:+39 0584 969692
E–mail Address: [email protected]
 Ref: 0599/Mljb 6/10/95

TWIN DISC WATER JETS MODEL RANGE

The Twin Disc series of waterjets is a range of 12 axial flow models representing the latest
technology and matching gasoline and marine diesel engines from 30HP to 3750HP. The range
includes the DJ142 two stage unit specifically designed for the growing demand for high speed
craft operating at 45+ knots.

The Principal of waterjet propulsion simply utilises Newton's Third Law of Motion:
"Every action has an equal and opposite reaction".

Water is drawn into the intake body of the Jet, and is discharged at the steering nozzle. The axial
flow impeller, driven by the engine, pumps high volumes of water flowing through the Jet and
discharging at the steering nozzle thus creating a forward thrust, which propels the vessel.

All TWIN DISC JETS jet models are supported by a comprehensive range of high thrust impellers
ensuring correct selection and accurate matching of Jet and engine combination.

The large range of jet models, each with comprehensive range of impeller designs gives optimised
matching and high propulsive efficiencies, at least equivalent to the best propeller systems at
planing speeds.

All Jets are designed and manufactured in corrosion resistant aluminium castings and stainless steel
fittings with sacrificial anodes for cathodic protection. The mounting face of the Jet is close to the
transom, with part of the intake tunnel moulded (for fiberglass vessels) or fabricated (for
aluminium/steel vessels).

This installation method allows the entire Jet to be quickly mounted to the vessel. It also has the
added advantage of allowing for some flexibility in placement of the Jet, allowing the Jet to be
mounted as far aft as possible. This simple mounting system eliminates the need for two holes, one
in the transom and the other in the bottom of the boat. It also simplifies the sealing of the waterjet
to the hull and eliminated the need for a complex bolting of flanges at the keel line.

All TWIN DISC JETS jet models feature a unique Teflon sealed Steering System which minimizes
discharge flow disturbance and channels 100% of thrust into turning effort. Steering is actuated via
an inboard mounted tiller and from the DJ100 upwards, controlled by a manual hydraulic system.

The high thrust, split ducted, reverse bucket provides full thrust at any steering nozzle angle,
resulting in excellent maneuverability and provides an infinite range of ahead, zero, or astern
speeds. There are several hydraulic reverse bucket control systems available to suit every
application.

The repairs and maintenance of all TWIN DISC JETS Jet models is simple. There is a separate
stator assembly and impeller casing/wear ring, which allows easy access to rotating points for
periodic inspection and service. The Bearing Housing Assembly is designed as a separate entity,
which can be removed without dismantling the unit or removing the main shaft.

1
 TWIN DISC WATER JETS HULL SHAPES

Not all hull forms are suitable for Jet applications.

The design of the vessel should be optimised to suit the specific criteria required of the vessel and
the hull shape and size are suitable for the displacement.

PLANING MONOHEDRAN VESSELS HIGH SPEEDS 25

KNOTS PLUS

1. Design for a minimum speed of 25 knots at laden displacement. This should be at cruise
mode.
2. The propulsive efficiency of direct coupled waterjets increases as the boat speed increases
over 25 knots.
3. Constant deadrise (monohedran hulls) are preferred lines in vessels operating in the 25 knot
plus speed region. These shapes give better directional stability, handling and performance.
4. The Deadrise angle of the boat should generally be between 8° and 25° to stop aerated water
entering the Jet intake and causing cavitation.
5. The hull should be true and without hooks.

6. There should be no obstructions to the water flow in front of the intake tunnel. Keels or
planing strakes should be eliminated for 2 metres in front of the intake tunnel. These items
are generally acceptable outside the intake areas. The intake ramp leading from the keel line
to the intake tunnel must be even and less than 15°. (Single installations in monohulls or
catamarans).
7. An easy rising bow stem is ideal for planing vessels. A deep fine forefoot should be avoided
as this leads to poor handling and bow steer.

8. Monohedran hulls (constant deadrise from a point approximately midship to the transom) are
excellent for high speed applications and the trim angle remains constant during planing as
speed increases.

Refer Diagram 1 — Page 3

MULTI HULLS
HIGH SPEEDS 25 KNOTS PLUS

Waterjets are suitable for most multi–hull vessels. The resistance of some of these vessels can be
higher than monohedran hulls. Consult Pacific Jets on all applications.

2
TWIN DISC WATER JETS HULL SHAPES

DIAGRAM 1

GOOD PLANING WATERJET HULL

POOR PLANING WATERJET HULL

3
 TWIN DISC WATER JETS HULL SHAPES

SEMI-PLANING VESSELS
10-
-25 KNOTS

1. Warped Hulls
These hulls have a chine that drops continually from the bow to the stern – so they have a
constantly dropping deadrise angle over the planing area to often quite flat sections at the
transom.

This hull shape produces a flat planing attitude and is very good for load carrying craft. With
relatively lower power inputs, warped hull will plane quickly and give good ride
characteristics due to the flatter trim angle.
NOTE: The hull resistance for some vessels can be high in the semi planing speed range.

2. Rocker
This hull form has a chine that drops continuously from the bow to amidships and then increases as
it approaches the transom.

This hull shape is ideal for or vessels operating in a semi–planing condition or Displacement
Applications.

4
 TWIN DISC WATER JETS HULL SHAPES

DISPLACEMENT HULLS
SLOW SPEEDS 0-
-10 KNOTS

Pure displacement hulls have a NATURAL DISPLACEMENT SPEED (NDS) which directly relates to
the WLL and the resistance of their hull shape.

The NATURAL DISPLACEMENT Speed Guide Table can be used as a guide in determining
appropriate boat speed depending on whether the hull has a LOW or HIGH hull resistance.

The Natural Displacement Speeds of a pure displacement hull shape should not be exceeded.

Displacement craft require moderate power inputs to achieve their NDS. The power to weight ratio
(HP/tonne) to achieve NDS varies from approximately 5 HP/tonne for low resistance hulls to
15 HP/tonne for high resistance hulls.

Total Power (HP) = Power to weight ratio (HP/tonne) x All Up Weight (tonne)

For multiple Jet applications divide the total power by the number of Jets to get the power required
per Jet. Select an engine at least equal to or of greater power than required, within the RPM band of
the selected Jet model (Refer RPM –V's– HP curves – Impeller performance curves)

Model No. MAX. HP/RPM Model No. MAX. HP/RPM

DJ85 120 @ 3000 DJ130 300 @ 2000
DJ100 150 @ 2600 DJ140 350 @ 1850
DJ105 210 @ 2400 DJ160 480 @ 1600
DJ110 240 @ 2300 DJ170 550 @ 1500

NOTE:

The natural displacement Speed Guide Table makes several

assumptions when determining whether a vessel has a LOW or HIGH
hull resistance and MUST be used as a GUIDE only. It does not take
into consideration variables in the hull such as beam, deadrise,
longitudinal, vertical, horizontal centre of gravity etc. which will
affect hull resistance

FOR ACCURATE SPEED ESTIMATES HULL RESISTANCE DATA

is required to superimpose on the Dynamic Thrust Curves of the various Jet Models.

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 TWIN DISC WATER JETS HULL SHAPES

DISPLACEMENT VESSELS
0-
-10 KNOTS

These vessels have a NATURAL DISPLACING SPEED (N.D.S.)which is a function of their length and
efficiency or resistance of their hull shape, rather than the power input, or their displacement.

High Resistance Low Resistance

− Low length to beam Ratio. − High length to beam Ratio.

(Less than 3:1) (Greater than 3:1)
− Flat bow shape. − Conventional Vee bow.
(landing crafts / barges)
− Large areas of submerged transom. − Minimum area of submerged transom.
− Heavy displacement. − Light displacement

NOTE: · The Jet must be submerged at least up to the Jet driveshaft to prime when the vessel is
stationary. For vessels with low transom emerson, modifications to the hull may be
necessary.
· A deadrise of a minimum of 8° is recommended at the transom to avoid air entering
the Jet intake.
· Appendages such as keels/strakes should be kept clear in front of the Jet intake, in
order to stop possible cavitation. (Refer Pacific Jets for the correct distance as this
distance will vary depending on Jet Model selected).

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 TWIN DISC WATER JETS JET SELECTION GUIDE

The basic information required to select a TWIN DISC JETS Jet to match an engine and vessel is
contained in the APPLICATION CHECKLIST.

Once this information is available it is possible to select an appropriate Jet Model (or multiple of
Jets).

Each Jet Model has maximum recommended displacements at maximum power inputs. This is
summarized in the JET SELECTION – BY DISPLACEMENT table.

NOTE:
1. THESE SELECTION TABLES are a guide only and utilize only one factor in the selection
process (DISPLACEMENT). Other factors including waterline length, engine selection,
hull shape and intended usage influence the final Jet selection for optimum propulsive
efficiencies.
2. Tables assume that the hull shape selected is suitable for the intended use and speed.
The Jet is installed correctly and there are no keels, appendages or aeration.
3. Laden displacements listed in the table are MAXIMUM. Displacements well below the
maximum All Up Weight (A.U.W.) are required for best propulsive efficiency.
4. A.U.W, in the grey area will generally result in reduced propulsive efficiency and may
have application restrictions.
5. Table assumes that the trim of the vessel is optimised for the intended use and speed.

ALL APPLICATIONS MUST BE CHECKED BY TWIN DISC APPLICATION DEPARTMENTS PRIOR TO

ORDER OR CONSTRUCTION, ESPECIALLY APPLICATIONS WHICH FALL IN THE SHADED DISPLACEMENT
AREAS

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JET SELECTION GUIDE BY DISPLACEMENT

HIGH SPEED VESSELS

PLANING MONOHEDRAN HULLS
Maximum All Up Weight (A.U.W.) tonnes @ Maximum R.P.M.
TWIN Jet Model 10 20 3 0 40 50
DISC
JETS
Single Jet 2.5 T max
DJ85 Twin Jet 5.5 T max
Triple Jet 9.0 T max
Single Jet 3.5 T max
DJ100 Twin Jet 8.0 T max
Triple Jet 12.0 T max
Single Jet 4.0 T max
DJ105 Twin Jet 9.0 T max
Triple Jet 14.0 T max
Single Jet 5.0 T max
DJ110 Twin Jet 10.0 T max
Triple Jet 17.0 T max
Single Jet 7.0 T max
DJ130 Twin Jet 17.0 T max
Triple Jet 22.0 T max
Single Jet 9.0 T max
DJ140 Twin Jet 20.0 T max
Triple Jet 33.0 T max
Single Jet 7.0 T max
DJ142 Twin Jet 18.0 T max
Triple Jet 28.0 T max
Single Jet 12.0 T max
DJ160 Twin Jet 26.0 T max
Triple Jet 43.0 T max
Single Jet 12.0 T max
DJ170 Twin Jet 26.0 T max
Triple Jet 43.0 T max
Single Jet 17.0 T max
DJ200 Twin Jet 38.0 T max
Triple Jet 60.0 T max
Single Jet 22.0 T max
DJ220 Twin Jet 49.0 T max
Triple Jet 78.0 T max

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JET SELECTION GUIDE BY DISPLACEMENT

DISPLACEMENT HULLS
Maximum All Up Weight (A.U.W.) tonnes @ Maximum R.P.M.
TWIN Jet Model 10 20 30 40 50
DISC
JETS
Single Jet 6T
DJ85 Twin Jet 13 T
Triple Jet 22 T
Single Jet 8T
DJ100 Twin Jet 17 T
Triple Jet 28 T
Single Jet 9T
DJ105 Twin Jet 20 T
Triple Jet 30 T
Single Jet 10 T
DJ110 Twin Jet 22 T
Triple Jet 38 T
Single Jet 15 T
DJ130 Twin Jet 33 T
Triple Jet 60 T
Single Jet 20 T
DJ140 Twin Jet 45 T
Triple Jet 90 T
Single Jet 26 T
DJ160 Twin Jet 60 T
Triple Jet 95 T
Single Jet 30 T
DJ170 Twin Jet 66 T
Triple Jet 108 T
Single Jet 36 T
DJ200 Twin Jet 80 T
Triple Jet 130 T
Single Jet 42 T
DJ220 Twin Jet 90 T
Triple Jet 142 T

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 TWIN DISC WATER JETS SPEED GUIDE TABLE

The Speed Guide Table relates power to weight ratios (HP/Tonne) for a given WATERLINE LENGTH
(W.L.L.) to boat speed.

With a known engine HP, the A.U.W. of the vessel and the W.L.L., plot a vertical line from the
W.L.L. to the HP/tonne curve and draw a horizontal line to read off the boat speed (knots).

If the engine power is not selected, but W.L.L. and expected boat speed are known, plot a
horizontal and vertical line, and their intersection will give the required power to weight ratio
(HP/tonne).

Once the required power to weight ratio (HP/tonne) is established from the Speed Guide Table, the
total power requirement is obtained by:

Total Power = Power/Weight Ratio (HP/Tonne) x All Up Weight (A.U.W.) (Tonnes)

For multiple Jet installations divide total power by the number of Jets to give the power output
required per engine.

Select an engine HP, at least equal to or greater than that required from the Speed Guide Table.

The selected engine must have an RPM range within the impeller band of the selected Jet. (Refer to
the POWER/RPM PERFORMANCE CURVES for the various TWIN DISC JETS Jet models).

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 TWIN DISC WATER JETS DYNAMIC THRUST CURVES

If the hull resistance information of the vessel is known, this can be superimposed over the Jet's
Dynamic Thrust Curves to obtain more accurate speed estimates.

In the absence of hull resistance data, the information on the application checklist is required.

Dynamic Thrust Curves are typical for a given Jet. Different impeller/nozzle combinations will
deviate slightly from stated curves.

Steps For Using Hull Resistance Data And Dynamic Thrust Curves

1. Obtain vessel hull resistance data. This may be represented as a force versus speed or can
be represented as effective power versus speed.

2. In order to plot the vessel resistance onto the Dynamic Thrust curves, resistance information
must be converted to the correct units. Please find typical conversion factors:

Newtons to lbfs Newton x 02248 = lbsf

Km/h to knots Km/h x 0.5399 = knots
mph to knots mph x 0.8689 = knots

effective power to resistance (lbsf)

Resistance (lbsf) = Power effective (kW) x 437
Velocity (knots)

3. If it is a multiple installation then the resistance data must be divided by the number of units.
For example: In a twin installation only half the resistance is plotted onto the dynamic
thrust curves etc.

4. With the vessel resistance now superimposed onto the Dynamic Thrust curves we can now
use this information to determine:

a) If an engine is already selected, then maximum speed can be predicted. Where the
resistance curve crosses the rated horsepower contour, plot down vertically to the
horizontal axis and read off speed.

b) If a certain speed is required, then horse power required can be determined. From
the horizontal axis at required speed, plot up vertically until you cut the resistance
curve. Read off at this point the corresponding horsepower contour.

c) Procedure (b) can be applied all along the resistance curve to determine horsepower
required to do a range of speeds. These horsepower figures can then be related to the
applicable impeller performance curve and the engine RPM, at the various speeds.

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 TWIN DISC WATER JETS PERFORMANCE CURVES

POWER / WEIGHT PERFORMANCE CURVES

Using the "Speed Guide Table" plot a vertical line corresponding to the waterline length of the
craft (m).

For best propulsive efficiency, plan for a minimum speed of 25 knots.

At the point where the vertical line intersects the nominated boat speed on the horizontal axis,
read off the required power/weight ratio (HP/tonne).

OR

Where the vertical line intersects the HP/tonne curve, read off the boat speed in knots.

Speeds predicted from this table are approximate only, eg. deep vee hulls may be 2–3 knots
slower.

Short waterline vessels (5–9 metres) may also be slower than curve estimates. The curves also
assume an efficient hull shape and the trim of the vessel is optimised.

Should an accurate speed estimate be required, hull resistance data can be superimposed over
the Jet Dynamic Thrust Curves.

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13
 MODEL NO
Performance Curve DJ80

1 2
400

350
3

300
INPUT POWER - H.P.

250

200

150

100

50

0
3200 3300 3400 3500 3600 3700 3800 3900 4000 4100 4200 4300 4400 4500
INPUT R.P.M.

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 MODEL NO
Performance Curve DJ85

400
1 2 3

350
4

300
5

6
INPUT POWER - H.P.

250
7
8
200

150

100

50

0
2500 2700 2900 3100 3300 3500 3700 3900 4100

INPUT R.P.M.

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 MODEL NO
Performance Curve DJ100

350

300

250
Input power (hp)

200

150

100

50

0
1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 2200 2400 2600 2800 3000 3200 3400 3600
Input r.p.m.

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 MODEL NO
Performance Curve DJ105

1 2 3 4 5
350

6
300

250
7
INPUT POWER - H.P.

200

150

100

50

0
1500 1700 1900 2100 2300 2500 2700 2900 3100 3300 3500

INPUT R.P.M.

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 MODEL NO
Performance Curve DJ110

1 2 34 5 6
450

400 7

350
INPUT POWER - H.P.

300 8

250

200

150

100

50

0
1500 1700 1900 2100 2300 2500 2700 2900 3100 3300 3500

INPUT R.P.M.

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 MODEL NO
Performance Curve DJ130

12 3 4 5
500

450
6
400

350
INPUT POWER - H.P.

300

250

200

150

100

50

0
1300 1500 1700 1900 2100 2300 2500 2700 2900

INPUT R.P.M.

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 MODEL NO
Performance Curve DJ140

1 23 4 5
850
800
750
700
650
600
INPUT POWER - H.P.

550
500
450
400
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
1300 1500 1700 1900 2100 2300 2500 2700 2900

INPUT R.P.M.

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 MODEL NO
Performance Curve DJ160

1 23 4
1400
5
1300

1200

1100

1000
INPUT POWER - H.P.

900

800

700

600

500

400

300

200

100

0
1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000 2100 2200 2300 2400 2500 2600 2700 2800
INPUT R.P.M.

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 MODEL NO
Performance Curve DJ170

1 2 3 4
1800

1700

1600

1500
5
1400

1300
INPUT POWER - H.P.

1200

1100

1000

900

800

700

600

500

400

300

200
1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000 2100 2200 2300 2400 2500 2600
INPUT R.P.M.

22
 MODEL NO
Performance Curve DJ220

2500
1

2
3
2000
INPUT POWER - H.P.

4
1500

1000

500

0
1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600
INPUT R.P.M.

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 MODEL NO
Performance Curve DJ260

4 3
3500

3000 2

2500
1
INPUT POWER - H.P.

2000

1500

1000

500

0
600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500
INPUT R.P.M

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 MODEL NO
Performance Curve DJ290

3800
2800

3600
2600
3400

3200 2400

3000
2200

2800
2000
2600

2400 1800

2200
INPUT POWER (hp)

1600

INPUT POWER (kW)

2000
1400
1800

1600 1200

1400
1000

1200
800
1000

800 600

600
400
400
200
200

0 0
200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200
INPUT SPEED (rpm)

25