International Journal of Electrical, Electronics and Computer Systems (IJEECS)

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IoT Based Toll Booth Management System

1
Aadish Joshi, 2Gaurav Bhide, 3Shreyas Patil, 4R. D. Komati
1,2,3,4
MIT COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, PUNE.
Email: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected],
1
4
[email protected]

“This work is supported in part by MIT College of

Abstract—This paper shows, for the first time, that Toll
booth can be completely managed using the ‘Internet of Engineering, Department of Electronics and
Things’ concept based on the RFID technology. In Telecommunications Engineering, Pune”.
reference to survey of annual toll collection on toll plazas,
conducted by government of Maharashtra in year 2010, we
examine and report on the conditions of total time spent,
for money transaction on toll plaza, by a particular vehicle
and further evaluate total fuel wastage as well as human
errors involvement, while doing so. Finally to provide an
optimal solution, we consent with the idea of making toll
plazas completely automated, with assistance of IoT
technology.
Keywords— IoT: Internet of Things, RFID: radio
frequency identification, Wi-Fi module: ESP8266, RFID
Reader: RC522, Micro controller: AVR328

I. INTRODUCTION
Fig. 1. Example application of IoT based toll booth
Today, „Transportation‟ is the major contributor to the
management system. The computed amount is shown on
nation‟s economy. Improvements in the field of
Host Computer with the help of IoT technique.
transportation enabled us to have a fast pace lifestyle
characterized by exceptional independence of According to survey carried in September 2010, by
movement, huge trades in manufactured goods and Government of Maharashtra, estimated annual toll
services, high jobs and social movements. The nation‟s collection was 1500 corers/year. However at present,
economic treasure can be said to be directly proportional only 1200corers/year of the toll value is being collected.
to the productive transportation methods. As we know It is predicted that the loss of 300 cores is due to human
number of vehicles on the road are increasing day by involvement in the system. Moreover, current toll plaza
day, problems such as congestion, accidents, air systems require 1 minute for complete toll transaction
pollution have become a major factor of concern. Every by a particular vehicle. By automating this process using
industry has its different method of transportation to IoT, estimated time for toll transaction is 40-42 seconds.
reduce excessive costs spent on transportation. Thus, As there is a reduction in time for completion of the
providing good quality transportation will significantly process, a fair purpose of designing the highways is
contribute to better economy and productivity. Cost achieved
reduction in transporting raw material to factories and
moving finished products to consumer market is an II REVIEW OF THE RELATED
important factor in economic and social growth. To LITERATURE
reduce congestion and travel time, increase safety, The first person to propose electronic toll system was
increase efficiency are some important challenges that William Vickrey. He proposed this system for
are faced. Hence by increasing system‟s efficiency and Washington Metropolitan Area. He was also the
making an efficient utilization of modern technology, recipient of Nobel Economics prize in 1959 [5]
one can achieve better optimization of the current
constraint resources. IoT Toll Collection systems are The transponder and reader technology spread all around
aimed at automating the toll plazas so as to maintain Norway. The system was broached in the Bergen
fairness in the transactions during toll collections. This (1986). World‟s first completely automated electronic
literature paper presents the idea of IoT Toll Collection toll collection system was introduced in Trondheim
systems. (1991). Norway too has electronic fee collection EFC.
[5]
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 International Journal of Electrical, Electronics and Computer Systems (IJEECS)
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In different places in the United States like presents Open Road Tolling (ORT) using number plate
California, Pennsylvania, Texas, Delaware and Florida, recognition. The proposed Number Plate Recognition
vehicles can pass through electronic toll collecting (NPR) techniques consist of mainly two modules:
booths directly. For the same no of cars, operations in histogram based number plate localization and number
electronic toll booths take place faster as the users are plate recognition using template matching, thus making
preregistered. Toll collecting gates are usually broader it simple & faster. AVI technology uses Laser or Radio
than the original width of the road but this made it Frequency (RF) method. Laser systems uses barcode
possible to fit them into smaller narrower roads. attached to the vehicle & read by vehicle scanner as the
Although these limitations are present, if the time taken vehicle passes through the toll lane. [7]
for operation at the toll booth is reduced, then the speed
According to reference, The German Federal Ministry of
of operation can be increased. The greater the speed of
Transport had conducted a fee collection experiment on
operation, less number of total lanes was required and as
German motorways called ChipTicket systems. The
more number of lanes started getting automated, there
ChipTicket system assumes that vehicles are equipped
was a reduction in the overall short term cost of the
with a chip card, and an in-vehicle unit. The in-vehicle
project. Also if the long term cost of the project is
unit contains transmitting and receiving facilities for
considered, larger number of vehicles started using
communication with the toll stations - the so-called
electronic toll and vehicles using manual toll reduced.
charge collection stations. The chip card is a plastic card
[5]
contains an integrated microprocessor. When a driver
According to references, the methodology proposes use passes a charge collection station, payment is made
of Infrared sensors to gather real time data from the automatically by the vehicle the chip ticket is made and
waste bins and that of the microcontroller board to the fee is registered and stored in the station
communicate this information to the waste managers. computer.[8]
These sensors collect information about the objects,
A microcontroller has been programmed to operate a
their surroundings and communicate this information to
remotely operated positioning system of a satellite.
other stations, linked through wired or wireless
Earlier, if we wanted to get an exact angle of the
networks. The system will check using the IR sensors
satellite, it needed manual adjustment. To overcome this
when the bin becomes full and will notify the waste
drawback, this paper was aimed at developing a system
managers upon filling up of the bins and will provide an
to remotely operate the satellite. The IR signal from the
optimal and effective collection route. [10]
remote (Transmitter) is sent and is received by the IR
According to reference, The initial technical realization sensor (Receiver) which has been interfaced with the
of IoT was achieved by utilizing RFID (Radio main microcontroller. The data from the transmitter is
Frequency Identification) technology, which was limited sent in an encoded format which is received by the
to identification, object tracking and extracting receiver sensor and is the suitably sent to the main
information of specific objects. However, The microcontroller. Corresponding signal is sent by the
implemented IoT based system performs sensing, microcontroller to the motor driver which in turn rotates
actuating, data gathering, storing, and processing by the motor and thereby the satellite accordingly. [9]
connecting physical or virtual devices to the Internet.
According to reference, the ESP826 is a Wi-Fi module
[10]
that has very efficient on chip storage and processing
According to reference, To facilitate vehicle monitoring, capabilities with lower cost and higher quality. ESP is
toll collection and faithful vehicle authentication on the based on IEEE 802.11 Wi-Fi protocol and it supports
highways and to have an efficient usage of various network protocols. For connecting the machine
communication link between RF Modems over a to server a level shifter is used. [12]
wireless channel, a module is proposed. There are two
This system on chip (SOC) design has been provided
types of implementation modules-the Vehicle Module
with a TCP/IP protocol stack which is used to provide
(Active RFID Tag) and the Base Module.
Wi-Fi connection to any microcontroller that has been
Microcontroller contains user-specific information
used by the system. There are three different methods to
associated with vehicle, such as the owners information
implement ESP8266. Using AT commands for
with his billing address, vehicle engine number and
communication is the simplest way that can be used. AT
vehicle registration number. The base module allows the
commands can be sent via the computer through a USB
base module to check the activities of vehicles in range,
to serial adapter cable to the controller for setup and
including the vehicles in range, their status, and the
testing purposes. The second way is peripheral mode by
detailed information about any registered vehicle.[6]
interfacing compatible microcontroller with the module.
According to reference, Open Road Tolling uses video The third method can be implemented by directly
evidence to identify vehicle usage of a toll facility programming the GPIO pins of the module and
without the use of toll booths for toll collection without interfacing them with external peripherals and sensors.
having to stop or even slow down to pay the toll. The An ESP8266 device can be used as an access point or as
application, for Open Road Tolling, utilizes pattern a station or both at the same time. Usually the access
recognition and image processing methods. This paper point also has a network data connection. Therefore it

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can act as a bridge between the wireless network and the

TCP/IP network which is the internet. Once it has been
finalized which mode the device will be used in, then we
set a global mode which indicates the state in which the
device will be used (As an access point or a station or
both). Wi-Fi module is connected to the controller
through this level shifter and have used SPI protocol..
Here considering the need for consistency of data we
have utilized TCP/IP network protocol for
communicating with the server [11]
The ESP8266 is designed to occupy minimal PCB area,
without compromising on providing maximum inbuilt
features.
III. SYSTEM DESIGN
Cost Effective - Among the major advantages of the
module include its price. You can get a module at lower The user places the RFID tag within relatively short
than $5. range so that the radio freq. signals can be detected.
Once this tag enters the required range, it can be
Power - The power saving architecture operates in 3 detected by the reader module and it receives the signal
modes: active mode, sleep mode and deep sleep mode, of activation. Once the RFID tag has been identified by
thus yielding very power efficient system. the reader then the tag can read and write information to
Ease of Interfacing - Module can be easily calibrated the reader. Then the tag can transmit the information to
when required by reprogramming it for interfacing wide the RFID reader and then it can be sent to the
range of sensors.[13] microcontroller. This corresponding data can be then
transmitted via the Wi-Fi module to the online cloud
There are various of protocol is used in IoT (Internet of database. For the prototype system, a dummy
Things) devices. One of the most useful protocols is Government registration database is utilized for the
MQTT (Message Queuing Telemetry Transport). verification purpose. If user is identified, process goes to
Second basic protocol is TCP. MQTT is broker based next level. Corresponding amount is deducted (A
publishing/subscribing messaging protocol. It is open, reference amount is taken for demonstration purpose)
lightweight, and very easy to implement. Moreover it and the operation of the toll booth is complete. On
has low bandwidth protocol.[14] completion of operation, the microcontroller then drives
The ATmega328 is the microcontroller used for this the motor to operate the toll gate. IR sensor is employed
project. It shows important specifications like 14 digital to detect when the car has passed and correspondingly
input/output pins, 6 analog inputs, a USB connection, a the motor is signaled to close the gate. Display Unit is
16 MHz ceramic resonator, an ICSP header, a power used to display the transaction amount message. For
jack, and a reset button. The Arduino can be powered implementation purpose, switches are made available at
via the USB connection or with an external power the toll booth for performing top-up operation for
supply. The power source is selected automatically. topping up money in the account.
External (non-USB) power can come either from an AC- Entire operation is performed using the microcontroller.
to-DC adapter (wall-wart) or battery. The board can IoT has been implemented for online application of the
operate on an external supply of 6 to 20 volts. However system. It has been connected to the cloud server and
it suffers form possibilities of overheating which may entire data of the transaction and remaining balance
damage the board. The recommended range is 7 to 12 amount in the account is available online for users. As a
volts.[21] result entire operation is recorded on the server and
Controller –ATmega328 controller has been used which information can be accessed remotely. Hence entire
is an 8-bit microcontroller based on AVR. It has built-in operation can be made devoid of human intervention.
communication protocol like I2C and UART and many IV. COMPLEXITIES INVOLVED
other essential features.
Security: IoT is a combination of physical objects
Real Time Clock-RTC module of DS1307 is connected (“things”),sensors, embedded software and keeps a goal
to ATmega328 through two wire interface for reading of effective connectivity and faithful data exchange. The
the on and off time of the machine. current graphs imply that IoT market growing at
Level shifter: MOSFET based level shifter is needed to remarkable rate. However, some of these devices suffer
drop down voltage in between, as ATmega328 operate from limited memory, power consumption and
on 5V and ESP-12 on 3.3V.[12] processing power. This issues may cause IoT to become
penetrable and hence security is at utmost priority to IoT
domain.

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As stated in a 2015 report by Hewlett-Packard on IoT VI. FUTURE WORK

research [3]:
Cloud data can be handled using android application.
1. Per 100, 70 devices still use un-encrypted network Person will be granted permissions to register, recharge
services and renew toll account with the help of android
2. Per 100, 90 devices collected at least one piece of application. Moreover, security system needs to be
personally identifiable information (via device, cloud or integrated within this module. Thus, when module is
mobile app) implemented on a greater level, it will result in cost
reduction and increase in reliability.
3. Per 100, 70 devices (with cloud and mobile app
components) enabled an attacker to identify valid user VII. ACKNOWLEDGMENT
accounts through enumeration. We thank Prof. R. D. Komati for his valuable guidance
4. 80% of devices (with cloud and mobile app for the paper.
components) failed to require passwords of sufficient
complexity
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