Group: 2 Understanding The Self  There are more males who perform the act of self-

gratification than females.

Physical Self - is the visual characteristics of a person whether
 Majority of the males and females have fantasies of
he or she is a female or a male
some sociosexual activity while they gratify
Sexual Self- is the feeling of an individual of his/her gender themselves.
preferences
Sociosexual Behavior
Pseudo hermaphrodite - an individual having two genitals
Homosexual Behavior – Male with male or female with female
Testosterone - the rising level of gonadal hormone of a male
Heterosexual behavior - Is the greatest amount of sociosexual
Estrogen - the rising level of gonadal hormone of a female behavior that occurs between only one male and one female.

Puberty- is the period of life generally between 10 to 15 years Petting – Preliminary to coitus.
old the reproductive organs to adult size and become
Coitus – the insertion of the male reproductive structure into
functional. Male puberty 13 years old Female puberty 11
the female reproductive.
years’ old
 Premarital coitus – Before marriage
Menarche - when they reach puberty after two years this is the
 Marital coitus – Happened between two married
first menstruation of a female
people
Orchiditis - is the inflammation that causes sterility Prostate  Extramarital coitus – A married person doing with
cancer also called prostatic hypertrophy other people
 Post marital coitus – separated, divorced or widowed
Menopausal - is the period of life where women will no more person
experience menstruation.
Physiology of Human Sexual Behavior Response
Erogenous Zone - refers to parts of the body that are primarily
receptive and increase sexual arousal when touched in sexual 1. Excitement phase
manner.  Symptoms of arousal will be noticeable and
will eventually increase to a near maximal
Commonly known Erogenous Zone: physiology level leads to the next stage.
 Mouth  Particularly noticeable in the male
 Breasts reproductive structure and female breasts
 Genitals 2. Plateau phase
 Anus  It is generally of brief duration.
 Neck  If stimulation continued, orgasm usually
occurs.
 Thighs
3. Sexual climax
 Abdomen
 It is marked by a feeling of abrupt, intense
 Feet
pleasure
Human Sexual Behavior  May last for a few seconds, normally not
over ten.
Human sexual behavior is defined as any Activity-Solitary, 4. Resolution phase
between two persons, or in a group-that includes sexual  It is the last stage that refers to the return to
arousal. (Gebhard, P.H. 2017) a normal or subnormal physiologic state.
Factors That determine Sexual behavior:  Males return to normal even if stimulation
continue
 Inherited Sexual response (Genetic inheritance)  Females are physically capable of repeated
 Expression of his sexuality orgasm without the intervening “rest
period” required ny males.
Type of Behavior
NERVOUS SYSTEM FACTORS
Solitary Behavior - Involving only one individual.
 Nervous system plays a significant role in our sexual
Self-gratification
response.
 Means self-stimulation that leads to sexual arousal  Autonomic system is involved in controlling the
and generally sexual climax. involuntary responses in the presence of the stimulus
 Generally beginning at or before puberty. capable enough of initiating sexual response.
 Most frequent among the unmarried
  After interpretation and integration of sensory input, STDs and HIV are associated with biological interactions
the efferent cerebrospinal nerves receive commands because both infections may occur in the same population.
from the brain and spread out through our body.
 STDs can lead to some long term health problems,
Hypothalamus and limbic system are the parts of the brain usually in women and infants.
believed to be responsible in regulating the sexual response.  One of the leading STDs worldwide is AIDS, which
cause by HIV or Human Immunodeficiency. The virus
Mounting- masculine Mounted-Feminine
attacks the immune system making the individual
SEXUAL PROBLEMS more prone to infections and other diseases. The
virus usually targets the T-cells (CD4 Cells) of the
Classified into categories physiological, psychological, and immune system, which serve as the regulators of
social in origin, Physiological problems when it comes to sex immune system. The virus survives throughout the
only have a small number of people involved due to their body but may be transmitted via body fluids such as
abnormal development. These can be cured through blood, semen, vaginal fluid and breast milk. AIDS
medication and surgery. occurs in the advance stage of HIV Infection.
Examples are: Vaginal infections, retroverted uteri, Other Sexually Transmitted Diseases in Humans:
prostatitis, adrenal tumors, diabetes, senile changes,
cardiovascular problems. 1. Chlamydia

Psychological problems comprise a large number of people - cause by bacteria called Chlamydia Trachomatis.
among the three categories, they are usually caused by socially - common among adolescent and young adult female.
inhibitions maladaptive attitudes, ignorance, and sexual myth - Rates of reported cases among men are generally
held by society. lower than rates among women.

Examples are: Premature expression occurs when a man 2. Gonorrhea

experiences orgasm and expels semen within a few
- common among young people ages 15 - 24 years.
moments of beginning sexual activity and with minimal
- men reported cases are higher than women.
penile stimulation.
- MSM (Men who have sex with men)
In ejaculatory impotence, the male achieves an erection but
3. Syphilis
cannot reach orgasm in the partner's vagina. The erection may
be maintained for long periods, even long after the female - Two types: Primary and Secondary (P&S) Syphilis.
partner has achieved orgasm. This form of impotence nearly - P&S Syphilis rates were consistently highest among
always has an emotional rather than physical cause. person aged 20-29 years old.

Vaginismus is a condition involving a muscle spasm in the 4. Chancroid

pelvic floor muscles. It can make it painful, difficult, or
impossible to have sexual intercourse, to undergo a - caused you by infection with the bacterium
gynecological exam, and to insert a tampon Haemophilus ducreyi.
- clinical manifestations include Genital ulcers and
STD - Sexually Transmitted Diseases inguinal lymphadenopathy or buboes.

 Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are infection 5. Human Papillomavirus (HPV)

transmitted from an infected person to an uninfected
- HPV types can cause cancer and genital warts.
person through sexual contact.
- late teen and early 20s are infected.
 STDs can be cause by bacteria, viruses, or parasites.
 Examples: Gonorrhea, Genital Herpes, Human 6. Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV)
Papillomavirus Information infection, Human
Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Acquired - Two types: HSV-1 (Oral Herpes) and HSV-2 (Genital
Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS), Chlamydia, and Herpes)
Syphilis. (National Institute of Allergy and Infectious 7. Trichomonas Vaginalis
Diseases of the National Institute of Health of the
United States) STDs are significant global health - Sexually transmitted protozoal infection.
priority because of their overwhelming impact on - also called Trichomoniasis or TV.
women and infants and their inter-relationship with
Natural Method of Contraception
HIV and AIDS.
Natural family planning methods that do not involve any L. Surgical Methods Vasectomy-Vas deferens is tied,
chemical or foreign body introduction into the human body. cauterized, cut or plugged to block the passage of
sperm. Tubal Ligation-Small incision under the
A. Abstinence -Involves refraining from sexual
woman's umbilicus that target the Fallopian tube for
intercourse and it is the most effective natural birth
cutting, cauterizing, or blocking to inhibit the passage
control and to avoid STIs
of both sperm and the ova.
B. Calendar Method - Also called as Rhythm method. It
entails withholding from coitus during the days that MATERIAL SELF -All of the physical elements that reflects for
woman is fertile. who you are.
C. Basal Body Temperature -Indicates the woman's
William James wrote The Principles of Psychology in 1890 that
temperature at rest. Before and during ovulation, BBT
understanding the self can be examined through its different
falls at 0.5 degrees Fahrenheit; It increases to a full
components:
degree because of progesterone and maintains its
level throughout menstrual cycle. 1. Its constituents
D. Cervical Mucus Method -Change in cervical mucus
during ovulation.  Material Self -Constitute by our body, clothes,
E. Symptothermal Method -Combination of BBT immediate family and home.
Method and Cervical Mucus Method  Social Self -Based upon our interaction in the society.
F. Ovulation Detection -Uses an over-the-counter kit  Spiritual Self -Ability to use moral sensibility and
that requires the urine sample of the woman. conscience maybe seen through the expression of
G. Coitus Interruptus -Pull out method or withdrawal religion, its beliefs and practices.
method  Pure Ego -The conscious self which is the unifying
subject of a person's experienced as an object.
Artificial Method - Methods that involves chemicals or foreign
body introduction into the human body. 2. Self-Feelings -Deals with our feelings and emotions.

A. Oral Contraceptives -Also known as Pills. -It contains 3. Self-seeking -Concern for oneself before others.
synthetic estrogen and progesterone.
The material self, according to James primarily is about our
B. Transdermal Patch -Patch contains both estrogen
bodies, clothes, immediate family, and home. We are deeply
and progesterone.
affected by these things because we have put much
C. Vaginal Ring -Ring releases a combination of estrogen
investment of our self to them.
and progesterone and it surrounds the cervix.
D. Subdermal implants -Tro rod-like implants inserted BODY -Innermost part of material self. Commodity that we
under the skin of the female during her menses or on cannot live without.
the seventh day of her menstruation to make sure
that she will not get pregnant. CLOTHES -Essential part of material self. Clothing is a form of
E. Hormonal injections -Contains self-expression. We choose and wear clothes that reflect our
medroxyprogesterone, a progesterone, and is usually self.
given every 12 weeks intramuscularly.
IMMEDIATE FAMILY -What they do affect us. We place huge
F. Intrauterine device -Small, T-shaped object
investment on them when we see them as the nearest replica
containing progesterone that is inserted into the
of our self.
uterus via the female reproductive organ.
G. Chemical Barriers -These are the spermicides, vaginal HOME -Where our heart is. -Is the earliest nest of our self-
gel and creams, and glycerin films that can cause the hood.
death of sperms.
H. Diaphragm -Circular, rubber disk that fits the cervix Lesson 3: Supernaturals
and should be placed before coitus. INTRODUCTION
I. Cervical Cap -Made of soft rubber and fitted on the
rim of the cervix. Spiritual self is one of the four constituents of "self" according
J. Male Condoms -Latex or synthetic rubber sheath that to William James. The spiritual self is the most intimate, inner
is placed on the erect male reproductive organ before subjective part of self. It is the most intimate version of the self
coitus. because of the satisfaction experienced when thinking of one's
K. Female Condoms -Latex rubber sheaths that are pre- ability to argue and discriminate, of one's moral sensibility and
lubricated with spermicide. They are usually bound by conscience, and of our unconquerable will. The ability to use
two rings. moral sensibility and conscience may be seen through the
expressions of religion, its beliefs and practices.
RELIGION - as a set of cultural beliefs and practices Beliefs:

Characteristics: 1. One God in Three Personas

1. A belief in anthropomorphic supernatural being, such as - God The Father

spirit and gods - God The Son
- God the Holy Spirit
2. A focus on the sacred supernatural, where sacred refers to
a feeling of reverence and awe 2. Holy Bible

3. The presence of supernatural power or energy that is found - Old testament

on supernatural beings as well as physical beings and objects - 39 books
- New testament
4. The performance of ritual activities that involves the
- 27 books Customs and Practices
manipulation of sacred object to communicate to supernatural
- Sacrament of Baptism
beings and/ or to influence or control events
- Sacrament of Communion
5. The articulation of worldview and moral codes through - Christmas
narratives and other means - Resurrection (Easter)

6. Provide the creation and maintenance of social bonds and HINDUISM

mechanism of social control within a community
Beliefs:
RITUAL - Ritual is the performance of ceremonial acts
- there is no single founder or leader
prescribed by a tradition or sacred law. It is thus possible to
- they believe that existence is a cycle of birth, death,
view ritual as a way of defining or describing humans.
and rebirth, governed by Karma.
Characteristics: - Karma - is a concept where the reincarnated life will
depend on how the past life was spent.
1. a feeling or emotion of respect, awe, fascination, or dress in - Vedas - sacred scriptures
relation to the sacred - Mahabharata and Ramayana - other scriptures
2. dependence upon a belief system that is usually expressed Customs and Practices:
in the language of myth
Diwali - festival of lights
3. is symbolic in relation to its reference
Navrati - festival of nine nights
SOME WORLD RELIGIOUS BELIEFS AND PRACTICES
ISLAM
BUDDHISM - Buddhism believes that life is not a bed of roses.
Instead, there are suffering, pain, and frustrations. When Beliefs:
people suffer, they want to experience the goodness of life and
Allah - "One God"
avoid disappointments. It becomes a habit known as the
reactive cycle of wanting and hating, like and dislike, craving "ummah" means strong sense of community
and aversion.
Islam - "willing submission to God"
2 TYPES OF MEDITATION
Mohammed
1. SAMATHA- is practices as mindfulness of breathing and
- born in Mecca in 570 CE
development of loving kindness.
- received revelations from God through Angel Gabriel
2. VIPASANA- practices aim at developing insight into reality.
Quran - holy book of Islam
SOME MAJOR BUDDHIST CELEBRATIONS
Customs and Practices:
- Parinirvana Day in February
5 Pillars of Islam
- Buddha Day (wesak) in May
- Dharma Day in July 1. Shahadah - statement of faith
- Padmasambhava Day in October
- Sangha Day in November 2. Salat - the prayer

CHRISTIANITY 3. Zakat - monetary offering

4. Hajj - yearly pilgrimage to Mecca from the University of Vienna where he worked until
1990.
5. Sawn - the fasting
 In 1947, he married Eleonore Schwint and had 2
2 major festivals daughters.
 Vienna was already established as a center of
1. Eidul-Fitr - festival of breaking the fast Psychological and Psychiatric study, and became the
3rd giant of Vienna.
2. Eidul-Adha - festival of the sacrifice
 1955, he became a full professor in the University of
JUDAISM Vienna and in 1961 he became a visiting professor in
Harvard.
Beliefs:  Lectured at over 200 universities and was awarded
- believe in the God of Abraham with 29 honorary degrees.
 Continued to work with patients, cultivate and
Torah - sacred scripture teached his theories in psychotherapy until his death
in 1992.
Customs and Practices:
Logotheraphy and Man’s search for meaning
5 major festivals
Viktor Frankl – Father of Logotherapy
1. Rosh Hashanah - New year
Existential Vacuum – the absence of meaning. Either
2. Yom Kippur - Day of atonement
conformism or totalitarianism.
3. Pesach - Passover
Mass Neurotic Triad – coined to describe the 3 most common
4. Shavuot - Pentecost symptoms of lives lived in the existential vacuum; Depression,
Aggression and Addiction.
5. Sukkot - Tabernacles
Logotheraphy – Logotherapy is a term derived from “logos,” a
FINDING AND CREATING MEANING OF LIFE Greek word that translates as “meaning,” and therapy, which
- another extensive study of self can be found in the is defined as treatment of a condition, illness, or
works of Dr. Viktor E. Frankl maladjustment. based on the premise that the human person
is motivated by a “will to meaning.” Logotherapy aids
Viktor Frankl Institute individuals to find personal meaning of life, whatever life
situation they may be in. Meaning can be discovered through
- in Vienna in 1992 - has a website where there is a
work, experience and ones attitude towards suffering.
synopsis of his life, works and programs.
Basic Concepts of Franklian Psychology
Viktor Frankl
1. Life has meaning under all circumstances.
 Born on March 26, 1905.
2. Main motivation for living is our will to find meaning
 Contact with Sigmund Freud in his 20s.
in life.
 Formally studied Neurology and Psychiatry in the
3. Freedom to find meaning
University of Vienna.
 Developed “Logotherapy”. Furthermore, Franklian Psychology aims to:
 “Honor thy Father and Mother”.
 Married Tilly in 1941. 1. Become aware of Spiritual Resources – what gives a
 Was sent to a camp in Czechoslovakia. person hope, value and self-worth. It gives a person a
 Transferred to Auschwitz. sense of purpose and better days.
 Tilly died in Bergen-Belsen. 2. Make Conscious Spiritual Resources – awareness
 Found meaning through love, optimism and an that you possess Spiritual Resources.
imaginary lecture. 3. Use “defiant power of the Human Spirit” and stand
 Created “Man’s search for meaning” in the summer against adversity – the will of the human being.
of 1945. Will to Meaning – the primary motivational factor in humans.
 The book served as the basic outline of Logotheraphy. Contrast the Will to Pleasure (Sigmund Freud) and the Will to
 1946, his back to his work in Vienna Polyclinic of Power (Alfred Adler).
Neurology. In 1948, he acquired his PhD in Philosophy
Individuals don’t create meaning but rather discover
it. To discover and realize this personal seed of meaning, a
change in attitude is required. Meaning will present itself in 3. Love.
different ways to each person.
Filipino Values and Traits
No matter what fate brings, right action and attitude
is needed to achieve a meaningful life.  Unique traits
 Reputable Values
“we need to stop asking about the meaning of life, and instead  Laudable Talents " Common Filipino Phrases " such as
to think of ourselves as being questioned by life. Our actions *Mabuhay * Salamat "Habits" such as *Po at *Opo
must consist not in talk and meditation, but in right action and
in right conduct. Life ultimately means the responsibility to find 1. THE FILIPINO HOSPITALITY - Welcoming the guests and
the right answer to its problems and to fulfill the task which it tourists as if they are their own brothers and sisters.
constantly set for each individual.”
 Local Shops
- Viktor Frankl  Visiting Hometowns
 Restaurants
Boredom – meaningless existence  Fiestas
Vocation – meaningful existence 2. RESPECT FOR ELDERS - Filipinos greet their elders by kissing
Friedrich Nietzsche their hands while saying "Mano po" and constantly using "po"
and "opo" in conversations.
“he who has a way to live can bear almost any how”
3. CLOSE FAMILY TIES - Filipinos maintain tight relationship
People sometimes think their vocation is beyond their reach with their families regardless if the children are old enough and
i.e. Terminal Cancer or Concentration Camp. already have families on their own.

4. CHEERFUL PERSONALITY - Filipinos have a habit of smiling a

lot, when they happy or even sad and angry especially during
“we must never forget that we may also find meaning in life
trying times and calamities
even when confronted with a hopeless situation, when facing
a fate that cannot be changed. For what then matters is to bear 5. SELF SACRIFICE - It is an extension of the Filipino hospitality.
witness to the uniquely human potential at its best, which is to
transform a personal tragedy into a triumph, to turn ones 6. BAYANIHAN- Is the spirit of communal unity and
predicament into a human achievement. When we are no cooperation of Filipinos.
longer able to change a situation… we are challenged to 7. "BAHALA NA" Attitude - it means no worries
change ourselves.”
8. COLONIAL MENTALITY - is regarded as the lack of patriotism
- Viktor Frankl and the attitude where Filipinos favor foreign products more
Logotherapy Assumptions than their own.

1. the Human being is an entity consisting of body, 9. " MAÑANA " Habit - Filipino term for procrastination.
mind and spirit. Filipino phrase called " Mamaya na”.

2. Life has a meaning under all circumstances, even 10. "NINGAS KUGON" - Ningas means flame and Kugon means
the most miserable Cogon grass that easily burns out after it is put into flames. An
attitude of eagerly starting things but quickly losing eagerness
3. People have a will to meaning. when they encounter difficulties.

4. People have freedom under all circumstances to 11. PRIDE - Holding on to their pride as if they are more
activate the will to find meaning. precious than keeping a good relationship.

5. Life has a demand quality to which people must 12. CRAB MENTALITY- Toxic trait among Filipinos where one
respond if decision is to be meaningful. resents the achievement another, instead of feeling happy for
that person.
6. The individual is Unique.
13. FILIPINO TIME - A common attitude of arriving late at
FRANKL'S SOURCE OF MEANING.
commitments, dinner, of parties. The 7 :00 pm call time
1. purposeful work. becomes adjusted to 7:30 pm and almost everyone arrives
because everyone is using Filipino time.
2. Courage in the face of difficulty.
FILIPINO MARKERS -reminders of our nationality
1. Proverbs and Salawikain -Sayings that convey a lesson and
reflection of Filipino practices, beliefs, and descriptions.
Reported by:
Demiana Eugenio- Mother of Folklore According to her, there
Christian Salilid
are 6 categories of proverbs:
Mae Angela Cacananta
A. Proverbs expressing a general attitude toward life
and the laws that govern life Kenneth Chang
B. Ethical proverbs recommending certain virtues and Rhea Lihaylihay
condemning certain vices.
Clarissa Mae Udtohan
C. Proverbs expressing a system of values
Erica Cabilis
D. Proverbs expressing general truth and observation
about life and human nature Patricia Mae Nicdao

E. Humorous proverbs Kate Relador

F. Miscellaneous proverbs Richard Rentoria

2. Superstitions Monica Rose Masana

- past down from generation to generation Daniela Rosales

- some are influenced by the other culture's belief
Shiela Mae Mollejon
3. Myths and Legends -beyond one's imagination -This aims to
tell the origin of things and teach a valuable lesson

4. Heroes and Icons -heroes serve as reminders of patriotism -

Filipinos celebrate them every year -Icons are people who
made the country more pronounced worldwide

HOW TO BE A GOOD FILIPINO

1. Be an active Filipino citizen -aware of the current events -

participate in government programs

2. Study the Philippine History -you will learn so much why do

you have to love your country, send help to fellow Filipinos and
recognize abuse of political power

3. Support Local Products -you are not just helping the

manufactures and businessmen, but also helping the country's
economy.

4. Speak the Filipino Language -speaking Filipino language

serves as a unique identifier of being a Filipino

5. Do not spread fake news and be democratic in engaging in

dissent