THEORY OF STRUCTURES

I. AREA MOMENT METHOD V. DIRECT STIFFNESS METHOD

[Mode 6]
[Mode 3-2] On Freq

X(Area) Y(x̅) Freq

1 A1 x̅1
2 A2 x̅2
3 A3 x̅3

𝐀 𝟎 𝟎
II. DOUBLE INTEGRATION Mat B = [ 𝟎 𝐁 𝟎] Stiffness Matrix
𝟎 𝟎 𝐂
[Mode 5-1] or [Mode 5-2]
𝚺𝐅𝐱
- To solve for arbitrary constants Mat C = [𝚺𝑭𝒚]  External Forces
𝚺𝑭𝒛

δ = (ABAT)-1C  Deflection
III. MOMENT DISTRIBUTION METHOD
F = (BAT) δ  Forces
For Two Spans

VI. INFLUENCE LINE

For Shears:
Moment at Left Support: 𝐚
𝐛𝐞𝐟𝐨𝐫𝐞 =
A + 0.5E(B – C) 𝐚+𝐛

Moment at Right Support: 𝐛

𝐚𝐟𝐭𝐞𝐫 =
𝐚+𝐛
D + 0.5F(C – B)

Moment at Middle Support: For Moments:

𝐚𝐛
=
BF + CE 𝐚+𝐛

IV. THREE MOMENT EQUATION

[Mode 5-1] or [Mode 5-2]

To solve for Moments

 THEORY OF STRUCTURES

PROBLEM 1 PROBLEM 4
A simply supported beam shown is acted upon by a Solve for Moments at A, B, and C
concentrated load at C and a concentrated moment at D.
Assuming EI as constant, determine: ANS. Ma = -146.43 N.m Mb = -307.14 N.m
- Deviation of B relative to the tangent drawn at A Mc = -521.43 N.m
- Deviation of D relative to a tangent drawn at A
- Deflection at D

ANS. tB/A = 1966.67/EI tD/A = 1133.33/EI δD = 341.67/EI

PROBLEM 5
Three rods an area of 300 mm2 support a load of 10 kN. Esteel
= 200 GPa. Ebronze = 83 GPa. Determine:
- Stress in Steel
- Stress in Bronze
- Deflection at D
PROBLEM 2
A beam is attached at its one end rigidly to a wall and is ANS. σB = 6.74 MPa σS = 21.66 MPa δD = 0.324
supported at the other end by a hinged. The beam has a
modulus of elasticity of 15 GPa and has a moment of inertia of
200x106 mm4. Acted upon by the load as shown, determine:
- Reaction at C
- Slope at C
- Deflection at B

ANS. RC = 31.11 kN θC = -3.438° δB = -0.1333 mm

PROBLEM 6
Truss ABC is acted upon by a vertical force 80 kN as shown.
Given that the cross sectional area of the members is A = 300
mm2 and Modulus of Elasticity E = 200 GPa, determine:
PROBLEM 3 - Forces on all members
Given the homogenous continuous beam shown with a - Horizontal & Vertical displacement at B.
constant section, determine: - Vertical displacement at A
- Moment at A
- Moment at B ANS. FBC = 66.67 kN FAB = - 66.67 kN FAC = 40 kN
- Reaction at C
δBH = -1.5 mm δBV = -11.25 mm δA = -4 mm

ANS. MA = 13.83 kN.m MB = 20.33 kN.m RC = 6.612 kN

 THEORY OF STRUCTURES

PROBLEM 7 PROBLEM 9
Given the beams shown. Determine: The bridge truss shown carries a concentrated load of 20 kN
- Values of Reaction at B when unit load is a A? C? D? and a uniform load of 2 kN/m. Determine:
- Values of Shear at C when unit load is at A? C? D? - Max ordinate of the influence diagram for member BG
- Values of Moment at C when unit load is at A? C? D? - Maximum tensile force of member BG
- Maximum compressive force of member BG
ANS. 1.25, 0.5, -0.5 0.25, 0.5, -0.5, 0.5 2.5, 5, 5
ANS. Max Ordinate = -0.7071

TMAX = 9.901 kN CMAX = -25.456 kN

PROBLEM 8
The beam shown is supported by a roller at B and hinged at D.
The beam carries the following loads:
Concentrated Live Load of 90 kN
Uniform Live Load of 40 kN/m
Uniform Dead Load of 20 kN/m
Determine:
- Max Positive Shear at C due to
- Live Loads Only
- Dead Loads Only
- Max Negative Shear at C due to
- Live Loads Only
- Dead Loads Only
- Max Positive Moment at C due to
- Live Loads Only
- Dead Loads Only
- Max Negative Moment at C due to
- Live Loads Only
- Dead Loads Only

ANS.

VPOS(LL) = 160 kN VPOS(DL) = 40 kN

VNEGA(LL) = -50 kN VNEGA(DL) = 40 kN

MPOS(LL) = 540 kN.m MPOS(DL) = 120 kN

MPOS(LL) = -300 kN.m MPOS(DL) = 120 kN