Designation: A 965/A 965M – 06a

Standard Specification for

Steel Forgings, Austenitic, for Pressure and High
Temperature Parts1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A 965/A 965M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.

1. Scope* E 112 Test Methods for Determining Average Grain Size

1.1 This specification covers austenitic stainless steel forg- 2.2 Other Standards:
ings for boilers, pressure vessels, high temperature parts, and ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, including Section
associated equipment. VIII Pressure Vessels and Section IX Welding Qualifica-
1.2 Supplementary requirements are provided for use when tions3
additional testing, inspection, or processing is required. In 3. Ordering Information and General Requirements
addition, supplementary requirements from Specification
A 788/A 788M may be specified when appropriate. 3.1 In addition to the ordering information required by
1.3 This specification includes the austenitic steel forgings Specification A 788/A 788M, the intended use should be stated
that were a part of Specification A 336/A 336M. if 5.1 is to be applicable.
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units 3.2 Material supplied to this specification shall conform to
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in the requirements of Specification A 788/A 788M, which out-
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each lines additional ordering information, manufacturing require-
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining ments, testing and retesting methods and procedures, marking,
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance certification, product analysis variations, and additional supple-
with the standard. mentary requirements.
1.5 Unless the order specifies the applicable “M” specifica- 3.3 If the requirements of this specification are in conflict
tion designation, the material shall be furnished to the inch- with the requirements of Specification A 788/A 788M, the
pound units. requirements of this specification shall prevail.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the 3.4 If the forgings are intended for use under the ASME
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code at temperatures exceeding
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- 1000°F [540°C], then use Supplementary Requirement S7.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- Grain size requirements for service exceeding 1000°F [540°C]
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. should be specified unless the required grade has the suffix
“H.”
2. Referenced Documents
4. Melting and Forging
2.1 ASTM Standards: 2
A 336/A 336M Specification for Alloy Steel Forgings for 4.1 In addition to the melting and forging requirements of
Pressure and High-Temperature Parts Specification A 788/A 788M, which may include Supplemen-
A 370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing tary Requirement S8, the following condition applies:
of Steel Products 4.1.1 A sufficient discard shall be made to secure freedom
A 788/A 788M Specification for Steel Forgings, General from injurious pipe and undue segregation.
Requirements 5. Machining
5.1 Forged pressure vessels for steam power service shall
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel, have the inner surface machined or ground. Unfired pressure
Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee vessels shall have the inner surfaces sufficiently free of scale to
A01.06 on Steel Forgings and Billets.
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2006. Published September 2006. Originally
permit inspection.
approved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as A 965/A 965M – 06.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at [email protected]. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASME
the ASTM website. International Headquarters, Three Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990.

*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.

Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.

1
 A 965/A 965M – 06a
5.2 When rough machining is performed, it may be done 8.2 Number of Tests—The number and location of tests are
either before or after heat treatment. based on the heat-treated weight of the forging(s) from the
same heat, solution annealed in the same furnace charge.
6. Heat Treatment 8.2.1 For forgings weighing less than 5000 lb [2250 kg] as
6.1 Forgings shall be furnished in the solution treated heat treated, one tension test shall be required on the basis of
condition. On completion of forging operations, the forgings one test per heat in each heat treatment load. This test shall be
shall be solution annealed and quenched in water, oil, or a taken from a prolongation of one of the forgings. Use of a
polymer water solution. Direct quenching after completion of separately forged test bar for the mechanical test specimens,
forging without subsequent reheating to the temperatures instead of an integral prolongation, is acceptable for forgings
prescribed in 6.2-6.5 is not permissible. weighing less than 5000 lb [2250 kg], provided that the
6.2 For Grades F304H, F309H, F310H, F316H, F321H, heat-treated cross section of the test bar is not less than the
F347H, and F 348H, the minimum solution annealing tempera- maximum heat-treated cross section of the forgings it repre-
ture shall be 1925°F [1050°C]. sents. The separately forged test bar shall be from the same
heat as the forgings it represents and shall accompany the
6.3 Grades FXM-11 and FXM-19 shall be solution annealed
forgings during heat treatment.
at 1950°F [1065°C].
8.2.2 When heat treatment is performed in continuous type
6.4 Grade F46 shall be solution annealed in the temperature
furnaces equipped with recording pyrometers, such that com-
range of 2010–2140°F [1100–1170°C].
plete heating records are available, a solution annealing charge
6.5 The remaining grades in Table 1 shall be solution may be considered as any continuous run not exceeding an 8 h
annealed at a minimum temperature of 1900°F [1040°C]. period.
8.2.3 For forgings weighing over 5000 lb [2250 kg], as heat
7. Chemical Composition treated, one tension test shall be taken from a prolongation on
7.1 Heat Analysis—The heat analysis obtained from sam- each forging.
pling in accordance with Specification A 788/A 788M shall 8.3 The longitudinal axis of the tension test specimen shall
comply with Table 1. be parallel to the direction of major working of the forging,
7.2 Product Analysis—The manufacturer shall use the prod- except when Supplementary Requirement S2 is specified. For
uct analysis provision of Specification A 788/A 788M to obtain upset disk forgings the longitudinal axis of the specimen shall
a product analysis from a forging representing each heat or be in either the tangential or radial direction.
multiple heat. The product analysis tolerances for carbon shall 8.3.1 The location of the longitudinal axis of the tension test
not apply, and the carbon requirements shall conform to Table specimen shall be located midway between the parallel sur-
1. faces of the test extension, if added to the periphery of disks,
7.3 Types (common names) and UNS designations follow: or midway between the center and surface of solid forgings.
For hollow forgings, or those heat treated after boring, the
Grade Type UNS Designation specimen shall be located at midwall. For the special case of
F304 304 S30400
forgings that are heat treated solid, but are subsequently bored,
F304H 304H S30409 the tension test specimen may be taken at the location of the
F304L 304L S30403 minimum inside diameter after boring instead of the mid-radius
F304N 304N S30451
F304LN 304LN S30453
position.
F309H 309H S30909
F310 310 S31000 9. Grain Size
F310H 310H S31009
F316 316 S31600 9.1 For Grades F304H, F316H, F309H, F310H, F321H,
F316H 316H S31609
F316L 316L S31603
F347H, and F348H, the grain size of the forgings shall be
F316N 316N S31651 ascertained according to Test Methods E 112, after solution
F316LN 316LN S31653 treatment. One sample shall be examined for each tensile
F321 321 S32100
F321H 321H S32109
specimen required in 8.2 and shall be taken from the tension
F347 347 S34700 test location. The grain size shall be number 6, or coarser, over
F347H 347H S34709 at least 75 % of the surveyed area.
F348 348 S34800
F348H 348H S34809
FXM-19 XM19 S20910 10. Repair Welding
FXM-11 XM11 S21904
F46 S30600 10.1 Repair welding of forgings may be permitted but only
at the option of the purchaser. Such repair welds shall be made
8. Mechanical Properties in accordance with Section IX of the ASME Boiler and
8.1 Requirements—The material shall conform to the re- Pressure Vessel Code.
quirements for mechanical properties prescribed in Table 2 or,
if applicable, Supplementary Requirement S2. The largest 11. Marking
obtainable tension test specimen as specified in Test Methods 11.1 The marking requirements of Specification A 788/
and Definitions A 370 shall be used. A 788M apply.

2
 TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements
Austenitic Steels
Grade
F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F FXM- FXM-
Element F46A
304 304H 304L 304N 304LN 309H 310 310H 316 316H 316L 316N 316LN 321 321H 347 347H 348 348H 19 11
Carbon 0.08 0.04– 0.030 0.08 0.030 0.04– 0.15 max0.04– 0.08 0.04– 0.035 0.08 0.030 0.08 0.04– 0.08 max 0.04– 0.08 0.04– 0.06 0.04 0.018 max
max 0.10 max max max 0.10 0.10 max 0.10 max max max 0.10 0.10 max 0.10 max max
Manganese 2.00 2.00 2.00 max 2.00 2.00 max 2.00 max 2.00 max2.00 max 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 max 2.00 max2.00 2.00 4.0– 8.0– 2.00 max
max max max max max max max max max max max max 6.0 10.0
Phosphorus, 0.045 0.045 0.045 0.045 0.045 0.045 0.045 0.045 0.045 0.045 0.040 0.045 0.045 0.045 0.045 0.045 0.045 0.045 0.045 0.045 0.045 0.020
max
Sulfur, max 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.020
Silicon 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 max 1.00 max 1.00 max1.00 max 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 max 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 3.7–
max max max max max max max max max max max 4.3

3
Nickel 8.0– 8.0– 8.0– 8.0– 8.0– 12.0– 19.0– 19.0– 10.0– 10.0– 10.0– 10.0– 10.0– 9.0-12.0 9.0– 9.0– 9.0– 9.0– 9.0– 11.5– 5.5– 14.0–
11.0 11.0 12.0 11.0 11.0 15.0 22.0 22.0 14.0 14.0 15.0 13.0 13.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 13.5 7.5 15.5
Chromium 18.0– 18.0– 18.0– 18.0– 18.0– 22.0– 24.0– 24.0– 16.0– 16.0– 16.0– 16.0– 16.0– 17.0- 17.0– 17.0– 17.0– 17.0– 17.0– 20.5– 19.0– 17.0–
20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 24.0 26.0 26.0 18.0 18.0 18.0 18.0 18.0 19.0 19.0 19.0 19.0 19.0 19.0 23.5 21.5 18.5
Molybdenum ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 2.00– 2.00– 2.00– 2.00– 2.00– ... ... ... ... ... ... 1.50– ... 0.20 max
3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00
Nitrogen ... ... ... 0.10– 0.10– ... ... ... ... ... ... 0.10– 0.10– 0.10 ... ... ... ... ... 0.20– 0.15– ...
0.16 0.16 0.16 0.16 max 0.40 0.40
A 965/A 965M – 06a

B
Columbium ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 83C 103C 83C 0.10– ... ...
and tan- min to min to min to 0.30
talum 1.10 max 1.10 1.10
max max
C D
Titanium ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Tantalum ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 0.10 0.10 ... ... ...
max max
Vanadium ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 0.10– ... ...
0.30
Cobalt, max ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 0.020 0.020 ... ... ...
UNS S30400 S30409 S30403 S30451 S30453 S30909 S31000 S31009 S31600 S31609 S31603 S31651S31653 S32100 S32109 S34700 S34709 S34800 S34809 S20910 S21904 S30600
Designation
A
F46 shall have a maximum copper content of 0.50.
B
F347 shall have a columbium content of not less than ten times the carbon content and not more than 1.10 %. (Alternatively, tantalum may be substituted for part of
the columbium as approved by the purchaser.)
C
F321 shall have a titanium content of not less than 5x (C+N) and not more than 0.70 %.
D
F321H shall have a titanium content of not less than 4x (C+N) and not more than 0.70 %.
 TABLE 2 Tensile Requirements
Austenitic Steels
Grade
F304 F304H F304L F304N F304LN F309H F310 F310H F316 F316H F316L F316N F316LN F321 F321H F347 F347H F348 F348H FXM-19 FXM-11 F46
Tensile strength 70 70 65 80 70 70 75 70 70 70 65 80 70 70 70 70 70 70 70 100 90 78–100
min, ksi [MPa] [485] [485] [450] [550] [485] [485] [515] [485] [485] [485] [450] [550] [485] [485] [485] [485] [485] [485] [485] [690] [620] [540–690]

Yield strength 30 30 25 35 30 30 30 30 30 30 25 35 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 55 50 32
(0.2 % offset), [205] [205] [170] [240] [205] [205] [205] [205] [205] [205] [170] [240] [205] [205] [205] [205] [205] [205] [205] [380] [345] [220]

min, ksi [MPa]

4
Elongation in 30 30 30 25 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 25 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 40 40
2 in. or 50
mm, min,%

Reduction of 45 45 45 45 45 45 35 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 50 50 50
area, min,%
A 965/A 965M – 06a
 A 965/A 965M – 06a
12. Test Reports 13. Keywords
12.1 The certification requirements of Specification A 788/ 13.1 austenitic stainless steel forgings; high temperature
A 788M shall apply. service; pressure containing parts; pressure vessel service

SUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTS

One or more of the following supplementary requirements shall apply only when specified by the
purchaser in the inquiry, contract, and order. Details of these supplementary requirements shall be
agreed upon between the manufacturer and the purchaser.

S1. Rough Turning and Boring forging at 1500 to 1600°F [815 to 870°C], for not less than
S1.1 The position of the rough turning and boring in the 2 h/in. of thickness and then cooling in the furnace or in still
sequence of manufacturing operations shall be specified. air.
S5. Marking
S2. Transverse Tension Test S5.1 Forgings shall be marked at a location indicated by the
S2.1 Instead of the test specimen orientation requirements purchaser in the purchase order or drawing.
in 8.3, the longitudinal axis of the test specimens shall be
transverse to the direction of major working of the forging. The S6. Individual Forging
results shall conform with requirements of Table 2, with the S6.1 Forgings, whether identical or not identical, shall be
exception of the ductility limits which shall be as prescribed in produced individually. They shall not be forged in multiple and
Table S2.1. separated prior to or after heat treatment.
S6.2 The shape and size of individual forgings shall be
S3. Hydrostatic Test agreed between the manufacturer and the purchaser by means
S3.1 A hydrostatic pressure test shall be applied. The details of a forging drawing or the purchase order.
of the test, including its position in the sequence of manufac- S7. Grain Size Requirements for Service Exceeding
turing operations, shall be specified. 1000°F [540°C]
S7.1 For design metal temperatures above 1000°F [540°C],
S4. Stabilization Heat Treatment the forgings shall have a grain size of 7 or coarser as
S4.1 When specified, Grades F347 and F321 shall receive determined in accordance with Test Methods E 112. The actual
stabilization treatment, which shall consist of holding the grain size shall be reported on the certificate of test.

5
 TABLE S2.1 Ductility Limits
Grade
F304 F304H F304L F304N F304LN F309H F310 F310H F316 F316H F316L F316N F316LN F321 F321H F347 F347H F348 F348H FXM19 FXM11 F46
Elongation in 30 30 30 25 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 25 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 40 40
2 in. or 50
mm, min,%

Reduction of 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 37 35 35 35 35 40 40
area, min,%

6
A 965/A 965M – 06a
 A 965/A 965M – 06a

SUMMARY OF CHANGES

Committee A01 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue
(A 965/A 965M – 06) that may impact the use of this standard. (Approved Sept. 1, 2006.)

(1) Revised 8.1, 8.2.1, and Supplementary Requirement S2.

Committee A01 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue,
A 965/A 965M – 05, that may impact the use of this standard. (Approved May 1, 2006.)

(1) In Section 7.2, product analysis tolerances for carbon (2) Tensile and yield strengths corrected in Table 2 for Grade
disallowed. 348H.

Committee A01 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue,
A 965/A 965M – 02e1, that may impact the use of this standard. (Approved Dec. 1, 2005.)

(1) Deleted UNS numbers from Table 2 and Table S2.1. (2) Deleted Note 1.

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