1

Practical Slips for F.Y.B.Sc. Mathematics using

Maxima Software

PAPER-I: MT-111 (Credit- 2)

ALGEBRA

Introduction to Maxima software

1. Perform the following operations using Maxima.

a) (4a + b) + 3(a − 6b).

b) Expand: (a + b)3
c) Factor: x2 − 7x + 10.
5 x−2
d) Add and express in factored form: x2 −1
+ x2 +2x+3

2. Evaluate the following for a = 12, b = 25 using Maxima.

a) (4a + b) + 3(a − 6b).

b) (a + b)3
c) a2 − 7b + 10.
5 a−2
d) a2 −1
+ b2 +2b+3

3. Rationalize the numbers 0.1, 2.34, 77.915, 111.666

4. Use sum to compute the sum 2 + 4 + 6 + · · · + 50.

5. Assign A to the expression 2x + 5 and B to the expression 6 − x4 , then compute

A + B, A - B and A*B in expanded form. Further Assign f(x) to the square root
function. Evaluate f(4), f(-4) and f(A).

6. Define fn (x) = sin(nπx), then list fn (x) for several values of n.

7. Plot a black vertical line x = 3, and plot the unit circle in red with
x-range [-4; 4] and y-range [-4; 4]. Include the x and y axes, a grid and a title.

8. Plot the function P (x) = x3 + x2 − 6x and identify its zeros.

 2

Problems on unit 1: Sets Relations and Functions

1. Construct the following sets:
(i) empty set.
(ii) a set of first 10 natural numbers.
(iii) a set whose elements are A, B, C, where A = {a, b, c}, B = {1, 2}
and C = {x, y, z}.
(iv) a set whose elements satisfies the equation x2 − 5x + 6 = 0.

2. For sets A = {a, b, c, d, 1, 2}, B = {a, 1, 2} and C = {x ∈ Q : x2 = 2}.

determine whether following is true or false.
(i) C = φ.
(ii) B ⊂ A.
(iii) A = B.
(iv) c ∈ A.

3. Let A = {2, 4, 6, 8, 10}, B = {2, 3, 5, 7, 11, } and C = (1, 5). Find

(i) A ∪ B.
(ii) A ∩ B.
(iii) A \ B.
(iv) C \ A.
(v) (A ∪ B) \ (A ∩ B).
(vi) (A \ B) ∪ (B \ A).

4. Let U = {1, 2, 3, · · · , 10}, A = {1, 2, 3, 4}, B = 2, 4, 6 and C = {1, 3, 5}. Find

(i) (A ∪ B ∪ C)c in U .
(ii) (A ∩ B ∩ C)c in U .

5. Let A = {a, b, c, d}. Find

(i) P (A), the power set of A.
(ii) all subsets of A with exactly two elements.

6. Let A = {a, b, c} and B = {x, y}. Find

(i) A × A.
(ii) A × B and B × A.

7. Let A = {−3, −2, −1, 0, 1, 2, 3}. Consider an equivalence relation on A defined

by: a ∼ b if and only if a2 = b2 . Find all equivalence classes for ∼.

8. Let A = {1, 2, 3, 4}. Find

(i) all partitions of A.
(ii) all partitions of A which contains exactly 3 subsets of A.

9. Define the function f : R → R as f (x) = x2 + 3. Find f(19) and f(23).

√
10. For the functions f (x) = 2x + 1 and g(x) = x,
(i) compute (f ◦ g)(x) and (g ◦ f )(x).
(ii) Compute (f ◦ g)(−9) and (g ◦ f )(4).
(iii) compute xf (x) + 2x2 g(x).
 3

11. Let f : [−2, 2] → [1, 5] defined by f (x) = x2 + 1.

Plot the graph of function f . Determine whether f is one-one or onto from the
graph.

12. f : R → R defined by f (x) = 5x + 7.

(i) Find the inverse of the function f .
(i) Plot the graph of f and f −1
 4

Problems on unit 2: Divisibility Theory in the Integers

1. Find all divisors of the following integers.
(i) 21866.
(ii) 9850628321.

2. Find the sum of all divisors of the following integers.

(i) 56400. (ii) 9999. (iii) -6262.

3. Find the gcd of the following pairs of integers a, b. Also find m and n such that
(a, b) = ma + nb.
(i) a = 576, b = 436 (ii) a = −1215, b = 1180
(iii) a = 3927, b = 377 (iv) a = −5291, b = −4514.

4. Show that number a = 2574 and b = 2261 are relatively prime.

5. Find lcm of 176 and 242.

 5

Problems on unit 3: Primes and the theory of Congruence

1. Write the following integers in its canonical form: 7168, 11400.

2. Determine which of the following numbers are prime:

7879, 4255, 11777.

3. Find the prime number bigger than 6473.

4. Find the prime number smaller than 9479.

5. Find all prime numbers between 111 and 1111.

6. Find the remainder when 210 is divided by 7.

7. Find the remainder when 111333 + 333111 is divided by 11.

φ(20) + φ(36)
8. Find .
φ(45)
9. Find the inverses of elements in Z7 , Z8 and Z15 if exists.

10. Prepare the composition table for addition and multiplication in Z9 and Z12 .
 6

Problems on unit 4: Complex Numbers

1. Compute the following:
(i) (2 − 3i) + (4 + 6i).
(ii) (4 + 3i)5 .
(4 + 3i)(1 − i)
(iii) .
2+i
2. Find the real part and imaginary part of the complex number (4 + 3i)(2 − i).

3. Find the conjugate, modulus and principal argument of the following complex
numbers:
(i) (1√− 3i)/(1 + 6i).
(ii) ( 3 + i)2 .
(1 + i)
(iii) .
(3 + i)(2 + 3i)(2i)
4. Write the polar form or exponential form of the following complex numbers:
(i) 1+i
√ .
2
(ii) (1√− i)4 .
(ii) ( 3 + i)(2 + i).
π
5. Convert the exponential form 2ei 3 into rectangular form.

6. Sketch the set of points determined by the condition,

(i) |z| − |z + 1| = 4.
(ii) |z − i| = 2.
(iii) |z 2 + 1| − |z 2 − 1| = 3.

7. Draw the contour plots for the following functions

(a) |z + 2i| = 2.
(b) |z|2 = 1.
(c) arg(z) = 0.
2 2
(d) x2 e−x y 2 e−y .

8. Find the cube roots of the complex number −i.

9. Solve the equation z 5 + 1 = 0.

 7

PAPER-II: MT-112 (Credit- 2)

CALCULUS-I

Problems on unit 1: Real Numbers

1. For a = 5, b = 7, evaluate the following.
a + b, a − b, a ∗ b, ab and ab .

2. Find the values of sin( π4 ), cos( π8 ) and tan( π6 ).

3. For x = 5, obtain the absolute values of |x − 9|, |8 − x|.

√ √ √
4. Find 25, 625 and 761.

5. Reduce the real numbers 0.5 and 0.7 into rationalize form.

6. For x = −3 and y = 8, verity the following properties.

(a) |x + y| ≤ |x| + |y| and (b) |x + y| ≤ |x| + |y|.

7. Sketch the graph of the equation y = |x|.

8. Sketch the graph of the equation y = |x − 2|.

9. Sketch the set of pairs (x, y) ∈ R × R that satisfy: (a) |x| = |y|; (b) |x| + |y| = 1.
 8

Problems on unit 2: Sequences

1. Find the first five terms of the following sequences.

(a) (xn ) = 3n ,
(b) (xn ) = ( −2
5
)n ,
(c) (xn ) = sin( nπ
2
),
!2

(d) (xn ) = (−1)n+1 n

2. Find the limit of the following sequences.

5n2
(a) (xn ) = n2 +1
,
(b) (xn ) = 6 + n22 ,
2n
(c) (xn ) = √ ,
n2 + 1
(d) (xn ) = cos( n2 ).

3. Match the following sequences with graph plotting by Maxima software.

(a) (xn ) = 3n ,
(b) (xn ) = ( −2
5
)n ,
(c) (xn ) = sin( nπ
2
),
!2

(d) (xn ) = (−1)n+1 n
.

4. Discuss the convergence of the following sequences, whose nth terms are given.

(a) (xn ) = (1 + n1 )n ,
(b) (xn ) = 8 + n5 ,
1 + (−1)n
(c) (xn ) = ,
n2
(d) (xn ) = nsin n1 ,
cosnπ
(e) (xn ) = .
n2
 9

Problems on unit 3: Limits

1. Discuss the existence of the limit by evaluation and plotting the graphs using
Maxima software.
1
(a) lim ,
x→0 x2

(b) lim (4 − x),

x→3

(c) lim sin( x1 ),

x→0

2. Use the graph to find limit if it exists. If the limit does not exists, explain why.

(a) lim (5 − x),

x→0

(b) lim secx,

x→0

|x − 2|
(c) lim ,
x→2 x − 2

(d) limπ tanx.

x→ 2

3. Evaluate the following limits by Maxima software.

√
10 − x − 4
(a) lim ,
x→−6 x+6
x4 − 1
(b) lim 6 ,
x→1 x − 1
x+4
(c) lim 2 ,
x→−4 x + 9x + 20

tan(x)
(d) lim .
x→0 tan(2x)

4. Find the limits of the following functions. Use graph utility to confirm the results.
x2 + x − 6
(a) lim ,
x→−3 x+3
x2 + 3x
(b) lim ,
x→0 x
! πx

(c) lim sin 2 ,
x→2

sin2 x
(d) lim .
x→0 x
1 − cosx
5. Find lim .
x→0 x2
x2
(a) Use the graph to derive the approximation cosx ≈ 1 − 2
for x near to 0.
(b) Confirm your answer to (a) analytically.
secx − 1
6. Find lim .
x→0 x2
 10

(a) Use the graph of f to approximation lim f (x).

x→0

(b) Confirm your answer to (a) analytically.

 11

Problems on unit 4: Continuity

1. Discuss the continuity of the following function at x = 0 graphically by plotting

graphs using Maxima software.

(a) f (x) = |x|,

xsin( x1 ), x 6= 0

(b) f (x) =
0, x = 0.
sin( x1 ), x 6= 0

(c) f (x) =
0, x = 0.
(d) f (x) = tanx.

2. Use the graph to find limit if it exists. If the limit does not exists, explain why.
1
(a) f (x) = at x = 2.
x2
−4
|x − 1|
(b) f (x) = , on (−∞, ∞).
x+1
3
3. Graphically, show that the function f (x) = is not continuous at x = 2.
x−2
4. Discuss the continuity of the following function graphically

 x + 2,

x≤3
f (x) = 2
12 − 2x

 , x > 0.
3

5. Verify that the intermediate value theorem applies to the indicated interval and
find the value of c guaranteed by the theorem.

(a) f (x) = x2 + x − 1, [0, 5], f (c) = 11.

(b) f (x) = x2 − 6x + 8, [0, 3], f (c) = 0.