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System of Linear Equations Matlab

This document provides an overview of solving systems of linear equations, including: 1) It defines linear equations and systems of linear equations. 2) It describes methods for solving systems of linear equations, including elimination methods, row echelon form, and Gaussian elimination. 3) The key steps of Gaussian elimination and Gauss-Jordan elimination are outlined as applying row operations to transform the matrix into row echelon form and using back-substitution to solve for the solution set.

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John Roa
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225 views3 pages

System of Linear Equations Matlab

This document provides an overview of solving systems of linear equations, including: 1) It defines linear equations and systems of linear equations. 2) It describes methods for solving systems of linear equations, including elimination methods, row echelon form, and Gaussian elimination. 3) The key steps of Gaussian elimination and Gauss-Jordan elimination are outlined as applying row operations to transform the matrix into row echelon form and using back-substitution to solve for the solution set.

Uploaded by

John Roa
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MATH013- LINEAR ALGEBRA WITH MATLAB

Topic: SYSTEM OF LINEAR EQUATION

Intended Learning Outcomes:


1. Identify a linear equation
2. Recognize a system of linear equations in n variables
3. Solve the solution set of a linear equation
4. Solve system of linear equations by elimination
5. Solve system of linear equations by Gaussian elimination and Gauss-Jordan elimination

Linear equation

 A linear equation in unknowns , x1, x2….xn is an


System of linear equation (SLE)
expression that can be put in the standard form
a1x1+a2x2 +...+anxn =b, where a1, a2, …an and b are System of m linear equations in n unknowns, x1, x2, x3….xn
constants. The constant an is called the coefficient or a linear system, is a set of m linear equations each in n
of x an b is a constant term. unknowns.
 A solution to linear equation is a sequence of n
numbers s1.,s2.. .,sn which has the property that
the linear equation is satisfied when x1 = s1,x2 =
s2, . .. ,xn= sn are substituted in the linear equation.

Examples:
Determine whether the equation is linear in the variables If b 1 = b2 = ….= bn, = 0, then the system is called a
x and y
homogeneous system.

1. 3x  2 y  7 _________________ Solution of System of Linear Equation


1
2. x  y  2 _________________
2  If the linear system has no solution, it is said to
3. e y4
x
_________________ be inconsistent
sin   y  e  If it has at least one solution , it is called
4. _________________
consistent.
1
5.  y5 _________________  x1= x2= xn= 0 is always a solution to a
x homogeneous system; it is called the trivial
Parametric Representation of a Solution Set solution. A solution to a homogeneous system in
To describe the entire solution set of a linear equation, a which not all of x1,x2 ... Xn are zero is called a
parametric representation is often used. nontrivial solution.
 Two systems of linear equations are equivalent if
Example: Solve for the solution set of the given linear they both have exactly the same solutions.
equation.
Finding the Solution Of SLE
1. x1  2 x 2  4
Method of elimination: that is, we eliminate some
variables by adding a multiple of one equation to another
equation. Elimination merely amounts to the development
of a new linear system that is equivalent to the original
system, but is much simpler to solve.

Examples: Solve for the solution set of the following linear


2. 3x  2 y  z  3 system.

RVCALDERON Page 1
x  3 y  7 a) Interchange two rows.
1. 2x  6 y  7 b) Multiply a row by a nonzero constant.
c) Add a multiple of a row to another row.
3. Row- Echelon Form (REF)
A matrix in row-echelon form has the following
properties.
a) All rows consisting entirely of zeros occur at
x  2 y  3z  6 the bottom of the matrix.
2. 2 x  3 y  2 z  14 b) For each row that does not consist entirely of
3 x  y  z  2 zeros, the first nonzero entry is 1 (called a
leading 1).
c) For two successive (nonzero) rows, the
leading 1 in the higher row is farther to the
left than the leading 1 in the lower row.
R E M A R K : A matrix in row-echelon form is in reduced
row-echelon form (RREF) if every column that has a
leading 1 has zeros in every position above and below its
leading 1.

Steps in Gaussian Elimination and Gauss- Jordan


Elimination
1) Write the augmented matrix of the system of
linear equations.
x  2 y  3 z  4 2) Use elementary row operations to rewrite the
3. 2 x  y  3z  4 augmented matrix in row-echelon form.
3) Write the system of linear equations
corresponding to the matrix in row-echelon form,
and use back-substitution to find the solution.
R E M A R K: In Gauss- Jordan elimination continue the
process of reduction until a reduced row-echelon form is
obtained.

Example: Solve the given system using Gaussian


Gaussian Elimination and Gauss-Jordan Elimination elimination and Gauss- Jordan Elimination
x  2 y  3z  9
Methods
In Gaussian elimination, you apply elementary row 1.  x  3 y  4
operations to a matrix to obtain a (row-equivalent) row- 2 x  5 y  5 z  17
echelon form. In Gauss-Jordan elimination continues the
reduction process until a reduced row-echelon form is
obtained.

Definition of terms:
1. Matrix
Is a rectangular array of numbers denoted by:

The dimension /order of matrix mxn where m is the rows ,


n is the columns.
2. Elementary Row Operations

RVCALDERON Page 2
RVCALDERON Page 3

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