Enform Formulas Acronyms and Well Control Forms
Enform Formulas Acronyms and Well Control Forms
&
Well Control Forms
Acronyms, Formulas and Well Control Forms
Acronyms
AER Alberta Energy Regulator
Ann. Cap. Annular Capacity
ADP Annular Discharge Pressure
ALRP As Low as Reasonably Practical
APL Annular Pressure Loss
ASP Applied Surface Pressure
BOP Blowout Preventer
BHA Bottomhole Assembly
BHP Bottomhole Pressure
CP Casing Pressure
CSG Casing
CT Coiled Tubing
DC Drill Collar
DP Drill Pipe
DPP Drill Pipe Pressure
DST Drill Stem Testing
EOB End of Build
EOBCP End of Build Circulating Pressure
EOBMD End of Build Measured Depth
EOBTVD End of Build True Vertical Depth
ESD Emergency Shut Down
EBHP Effective Bottom Hole Pressure
ECD Equivalent Circulating Density
EMD Equivalent Mud Density
FCP Final Circulating Pressure
FP Formation Pressure
HP Hydrostatic Pressure
HP/HT High Pressure/High Temperature
HCR High Closing Ratio (also known as ESD)
IADC International Association of Drilling Contractors
ICP Initial Circulating Pressure
KMD Kill Mud Density
kPa Kilopascal
KOP Kick off Point
KOPCP Kick off Point Circulating Pressure
KOPMD Kick off Point Measured Depth
KOPTVD Kick off Point True Vertical Depth
FLOC Flocculated Water (used as a Drilling Fluid)
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Acronyms, Formulas and Well Control Forms
FOSV Fully Opening Safety Valve
LOG Leak-Off Gradient
LOP Leak-Off Pressure
LWD Logging-While-Drilling
MACP Maximum Allowable Casing Pressure
MADFD Maximum Allowable Drilling Fluid Density
MASP Maximum Applied Surface Pressure
MDI Mud Density Increase
MGS Mud Gas Separator
MPD Managed Pressure Drilling
MR Mixing Rate
NMD New Mud Density
OBM Oil-Based Mud
OK Overkill
OMD Original Mud Density
PBD Pump Bore Diameter
PID Proportional-Integral-Derivative
PO Pump Output
PVT Pit Volume Totalizer
PVT Pressure, Volume, and Temperature
PWD Pressure-While-Drilling
RCD Rotating Control Device
RCH Rotating Control Head
RS Reduced Speed
RSPP Reduced Speed Pump Pressure
ROP Rate of Penetration
SAGD Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage
SAPP Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (thinner/dispersant)
SICP Shut-In Casing Pressure
SIDPP Shut-In Drill Pipe Pressure
SL Stroke Length
SLSWC Second Line Supervisor’s Well Control
SPM Strokes per Minute
SPP Standpipe Pressure
STKS Strokes
TVD True Vertical Depth
TMD Total Measured Depth
UBD Underbalanced Drilling
WBM Water-Based Mud
WC Well Control
WBE Wellbore Barrier Element
WBS Well Barrier Schematics
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Acronyms, Formulas and Well Control Forms
List of Formulas
Equivalent Circulating = (APL (kPa) ÷ TVD (m) ÷ 0.00981) + Mud Density (kg/m3)
Density (kg/m3)
Trip Margin Density = Trip Margin Pressure Required (kPa) ÷ TVD (m) ÷ 0.00981
Increase (kg/m3)
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Acronyms, Formulas and Well Control Forms
V1xP1 = V2xP2
Therefore:
V1 × P1
V2 = ( )
P2
where:
V1 = Initial pit gain entering the wellbore (m3)
P1 = Initial pressure acting on the influx (kPa) (Formation Pressure)
V2 = Expanded volume of gas (m3)
P2 = Pressure acting on the gas (kPa)
a) = HP above the bubble + New CP
b) = CP when gas at choke
c) = Degasser 100 kPa
Calcium Carbonate
Required (kg/m3) = 2,760 × Density Increase (kg/m3)
2,760 - KMD(kg/m3)
or
Calcium Carbonate = Calcium Carbonate (kg/m3) × Total Volume (m3)
Required (kg)
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Acronyms, Formulas and Well Control Forms
or
or
= TVD (m) × Remaining MDI (kg/m3) × 0.00981
Remaining SIDPP
(kPa)
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Acronyms, Formulas and Well Control Forms
Volumetric Method
Volume to Bleed (m3) = Pressure Increase (kPa) × Annular Capacity (m3/m)
Mud Gradient (kPa/m)
Leak-Off Calculations
MACP with increased = LOP at shoe (kPa) – New HP at casing shoe (kPa)
mud density (kPa)
Pulling Wet Pipe (m) = Length of Pipe (m) × Wet Displacement (m3/m)
Drop in Fluid Level Annular Capacity (m3/m)
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Acronyms, Formulas and Well Control Forms
2. Differential Pressure = Length of Pill (m) × (Pill Gradient (kPa/m) – Mud Gradient
(kPa) (kPa/m))
Accumulator Calculations
1. Fluid Required (L) = Litres to Close Annular Preventer + Litres to Close Pipe Ram
Preventers + Litres to Open Hydraulic Valve
Critical Sour = Close Annular and Open HCR and Close, Open, Close One Ram and
Shear Pipe in Use
3. Accumulator Size (L) Remaining Pressure (kPa) × Total Fluid Required (L) Pressure on Accumulator (kPa)
=( )× ( )
Pressure on Accumulator (kPa) - Remaining Pressure (kPa) Precharge Pressure (kPa)
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Acronyms, Formulas and Well Control Forms
Pump Pressures
SPM2 𝟐
P2 = P1 × ( )
SPM1
where:
P2 = New pump pressure (kPa)
P1 = Original pump pressure (kPa)
SPM2 = Increased pump speed (strokes/min)
SPM1 = Original pump speed (strokes/min)
Q2 𝟐
P2 = P1 × ( )
Q1
where:
P2 = New pump pressure (kPa)
P1 = Original pump pressure (kPa)
Q2 = Increased flow rate (m3/m)
Q1 = Original flow rate (m3/m)
Rule of Thumb:
WBM Hydraulic Lag Time (Pressure Transmission) = 2sec/305m. Surface to TD
Ex. 3050m pressure lag = 20sec.
Kick Gradient
Pit Gain (m3)
Length of Kick (m) =
Annular Volume (m3/m)
Appropriate drill string component (drill collars, HWDP or
drill pipe)
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Acronyms, Formulas and Well Control Forms
1,000 mm = 1m
Length of Pipe to Snub (m) = Total force (daN) ÷ Mass (kg/m) ÷ 0.981
where:
0.981 = constant
Note: The constant 0.981 in the formula is required because the
units are in decanewtons not Newtons.
daN decaNewton
kg kilogram
kPa kiloPascal
L Litre
m metre
m2 square metre
m3 cubic metre
mm millimetre
min minute
MPa MegaPascal
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Acronyms, Formulas and Well Control Forms
• Brackets
B •First Priority
• Exponents
E •Second Priority
• Division
D •Third Priority
• Multiplication
M •Third Priority
• Addition
A •Fourth Priority
• Subtraction
S •Fourth Priority
BEDMAS tells us that brackets are the highest priority, then exponents, then both division and
multiplication, and finally addition and subtraction. This means that we evaluate exponents
before we multiply, divide before we subtract, etc.
Example 1 (Brackets)
15 − (6 + 1) + 30 ÷ (3 × 2)
BEDMAS tells us to evaluate what’s in the brackets first. Therefore, we get the following:
15 − (6 + 1) + 30 ÷ (3 × 2)
= 15 − 7 + 30 ÷ (3 × 2)
= 15 − 7 + 30 ÷ 6
= 15 − 7 + 5
=8+5
= 13
sub-expression first.
A simple rule that summarizes this strategy is:
When dealing with brackets inside brackets (called nested brackets), evaluate
what’s inside the inner-most brackets first.
Remember that this rule is just BEDMAS. It’s nothing new. Using this rule, our sample
expression would be evaluated as follows:
(8 − (5 + 1)) × 3
= (8 − 6) × 3
=2x3
=6
Example 3 (Exponents)
There are two important rules to remember when dealing with exponents:
1. Any number to the exponent 1 is equal to itself.
2. Any number (except for 0) to the exponent 0 is equal to 1.
25 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 = 32
70 = 1
32 = 3 × 3 = 9
51 = 5
05 = 0
Example 4
8+4×3÷2
= 8 + 12 ÷ 2
=8+6
= 14
From BEDMAS, we see that the division and multiplication must be done before the addition.
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Acronyms, Formulas and Well Control Forms
Forms
The Enform forms presented in the following pages as well as the Check List
are guides to help Prepare, Execute, and Review the Well Control Procedures
in this manual. These forms can be used for all well control methods. They are
available here for your use in the field should you require them. Enform does
not accept any liability whatsoever in there use or resulting outcomes on the
well.
Checklist
Used for Equipment and Data Check on pages Chapter 4-54 to 4-57
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Acronyms, Formulas and Well Control Forms
WELL:
MD TVD UNITS
Depth m
Surface casing – Specifications mm
Set at m
Annulus Length (to liner top) m
BOP RATING KPa
Intermediate Casing –
Specifications
Top m
Set at m
Hole Size mm
DRILL STRING
Length Specifications Capacity m3/m
Push Pipe
Drill Pipe
Heavy Weight
Drill Collars
ANNULAR CAPACITY
DC to open hole annular capacity m3/m
Tubulars in open hole annular capacity m3/m
Tubulars in casing annular Capacity m3/m
PUMP SPECIFICATIONS
Bore Stroke Reduced Displacement
RSPP
Speed
Pump #1
Pump #2
* Account for surface line volume when pumping kill mud to the bit.
Reset strokes when kill mud reaches floor, then follow drill pipe
schedule pumping kill mud to the bit.
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Acronyms, Formulas and Well Control Forms
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Acronyms, Formulas and Well Control Forms
100
KOP to EOB = [KOP CP kPa – EOB CP kPa × ] (M) Strokes
= kPa
100
EOB to FCP = [EOB CP kPa – FCP CP kPa ×] (N1, N2, N3) Strokes
= kPa
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Acronyms, Formulas and Well Control Forms
PUMP PRESSURE DROP / Increase per 100 strokes (Note: if negative, increase Pressure)
Vertical Wells use top calculation only, Deviated and Horizontal wells require all three calculations below:
100
Surface to KOP = ICP [ kPa – KOP CP kPa × ] (L) Strokes
= kPa
Second Circulation:
Remaining MDI = Total MDI Required kg/m3 – Increase in Density kg/m3 = kg/m3
Remaining SIDPP = TVD m × Remaining MDI kg/m3 × 0.00981 = kPa
3 3
KMD = MDI kg/m + OMD kg/m = kg/m3
BARITE REQUIREMENTS
4250kg/m3 × Density Increase kg/m3
Barite Required = = kg/m3
[4250kg/m 3
– Kill Mud Density kg/m 3
]
3
Total Barite = Barite required kg/m × Total active Fluid System m3 = kg
Number of Sacks = Total Barite kg ÷ 40 kg/sack = Sacks
Mixing Rate (If mixed on the fly) = Number of Sacks ÷ Total Minutes = Sacks/min
ICP = RSPP kPa + SIDPP kPa + OK kPa = kPa
Kill Mud Density kg/m3
FCP =RSPP kPa × + remaining SIDPP kPa + OK kPa
Original Mud Density kg/m3
= kPa
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Acronyms, Formulas and Well Control Forms
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Acronyms, Formulas and Well Control Forms
STROKES or TIME
ICP FCP
Strokes 0 DP Strokes
Time 0 DP Time
Note: Surface Line Equipment must be displaced prior to following DPP schedule
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Acronyms, Formulas and Well Control Forms
Step 7
Pressure Increase (kPa) : kPa
kPa
OverKill (kPa) : kPa Time :
Step 6
Mud Density (kg/m3) : kg/m3 Bleed : :
kPa m3 Cumulative Volume (m3) Time :
Starting Volume (m3) : (Pit Gain) Time :
Step 5
Volume to Bleed Off (m3) : (Use Formula Below) Bleed : :
kPa m3 Cumulative Volume (m3) Time :
Shut In @ (time) : Hours Time :
Step 4
S I C P (kPa) : kPa Bleed : :
kPa m3 Cumulative Volume (m3) Time :
MACP (kPa): kPa Time :
Step 3
Bleed : :
kPa m3 Cumulative Volume (m3) Time :
S I C P & Time
Time : Time :
OVERKILL Step 2
Bleed : :
kPa m3 Cumulative Volume (m3) Time :
PRESSURE INCREASE
Migration Rate :
Change in SICP (kPa)
Volume to Bleed Off (m 3 ) : Perculation Rate
3
( Pressure Increase (kPa) x Annular Capacity (m /m)) (meters/minute) = ( Mud Gradient (kPa/m) X Time (min) )
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Acronyms, Formulas and Well Control Forms
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Acronyms, Formulas and Well Control Forms
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