Index

Adverbs: Sentence, Focus and Negative .......................................................................... 3

Adverb Clauses ................................................................................................................. 3
Adverb and Adverbial Phrases ......................................................................................... 4
Connectors ........................................................................................................................ 5
Noun Clauses: Subjects, Objects, and Complements ....................................................... 5
Direct and Indirect Speech ............................................................................................... 6
Conditionals: Other Ways to Express Unreality............................................................... 7
More Conditions; The Subjunctive .................................................................................. 8
Glossary ............................................................................................................................ 8
Reflection paragraph......................................................................................................... 9
Adverbs: Sentence, Focus and Negative
Sentence Adverbs

 Definitely, we will plan something to defeat death.

 I possibly need some extra ingredients for a delicious dish.
Focus Adverbs

 This reckoning place only belongs to smokers.

 I am just attending my costumers.
Negative Adverbs

 Hardly do students apply their knowledge to solve society issues.

 Seldom is she late.
Other Adverbs

 Here we go.
 And then, there were none…
Stressing Words After Focus Adverbs

 Only WE can afford to buy that expensive house.

 We can only AFFORD for that little bungalow.

Adverb Clauses
Definition of Adverb Clauses

 Although the worst comes to your life, try to smile and face it.
 Whenever I do some exercise, I feel relaxed.
Adverb Clauses of Time

 We were talking about math homework while she fell down.

 Try to accept yourself as soon as possible.
Adverb Clauses of Place

 It is necessary to have a place where musicians can improve their skills.

 You can travel everywhere with your imagination.
Adverb Clauses of Reason
 Since he does not like sports, he refused to play with his friends.
 I do not want to go with you to the party because I am not a good dancer.
Adverb Clauses of Condition
 If I choose this path, there will be only regrets.
 You can not pass the course unless you put a lot of effort on it.

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Adverb Clauses of Contrast

 He could reach the first place although his young age.

 Even though I do not consider myself a good swimmer, I always practice
swimming.

Adverb and Adverbial Phrases

Definition of Adverb Phrases

 After changing their cell-phone numbers, they say goodbye.

 I will help my kind when given the opportunity.
Reducing Adverb Clauses with Be

 While driving, they were attacked by bandits.

 While laughing, we sang a pop song together.
Changing Adverb Clauses of Time

 After visiting my mother´s house, I went to the supermarket.

 I was on the dentist before arriving home.
Changing Adverb Clauses with Past – Time Verbs

 Having visited my mother´s house, I went to the supermarket.

 After closing my eyes, I shed a lot of tears.
Replacing When with On or Upon in Adverb Phrases

 Upon realizing about the requirements for the job, we decided to relinquish.
 On seeing an injured person on the roadside, he pulled over to help.
Definition of Adverbial Phrases

 Standing on the sun, I was wasting my time.

 Looking for more ideas for the project, we were discussing about English
culture.
Changing Adverb Clauses of Reason

 Losing my self-confidence, I was not able to win the contest.

 Being decided to fulfill my heart with hatred, I was isolated for many years.
Changing Passive Clauses

 Being motivated by my parents, I could pass the course.

 Given three options, I chose the easier.

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Connectors
Types of Connectors

 I can´t play video games very well, although I consider myself an expert of
computer games.
 The question was answered, but it left an uncomfortable feeling.
Coordinating and Subordinating Conjunctions

 I usually study everything at the last time, so I tend to fail my courses.

 I was very pleased with your explanation because you told me the truth.
Definition of Transitions

 There are a lot of weak points in your structure. In addition to that, it does not
seem attractive for costumers.
 Do whatever you want. However, I will win the match.
Transitions to Connect Sentences and Independent Clauses
 I would prefer science club to apply. On the contrary, I think cooking club
would be waste of time.
 My brother went to the library to read his favorite one. Meanwhile, I was
cooking for lunch.
Transitions to Connect Blocks of Text

 I have a lot of hobbies. For example, I love swimming and yoga.

 To conclude, we must follow this plan if we want to develop the project
correctly.

Noun Clauses: Subjects, Objects, and Complements

Definition of Noun Clauses
 We are not sure what it is about.
 The matter here is that I can´t understand it very well.
That + Noun Clauses

 I think that someone´s help is always better than working alone.

 That there is a lot of junk food on the café is not our problem.
The Fact That + Noun Clauses

 The fact that Robin is considered a bad child is because he was too conceited.
 The fact that we can´t solve this problem is too embarrassing.

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Embedded Questions

 Do you know if they are dating?

 Do you know what kind of meals she is cooking?
Wh- Question Words + Noun Clauses

 I am not sure what she is talking about.

 Do you know how much time she spends with her child?
If and Whether (or Not) + Noun Clauses
 Do you know if our math teacher has a beautiful daughter?
 We don´t know if they are on a trip right now.
-Ever Words + Noun Clauses
 Just choose whatever you want. I am paying this time.
 I will guide you whenever you want to go.

Direct and Indirect Speech

Direct vs. Indirect Speech

 The teacher said, “Do not make noise in the classroom or I will send you to
direction”.
 She told us not to make noise in the classroom or she would send us to direction.
Reporting Verbs

 He said he wouldn´t do anything to help his bestfriend.

 They told Teresa they would abandon her because of her lack of ability.
Reporting Yes/No Questions

 Our instructor asked if we wanted some extra classes to improve our learning.
 The doctor asked if I had eaten junk food for the last month.
Reporting Wh- Questions

 My sister asked why they didn´t give any present to their mothers.
 I asked myself how much time I would live here.
Change in Verbs
 My mother told me not to play with my friends unless I finished my homework.
 Jessica asked Jesus if he was eating a delicious cheesecake.
Verbs That Don´t Change
 Louis just said the counselor was absent yesterday.
 Marie just said her child are playing soccer.

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Reporting Modals

 Lisa asked if I could borrow her money because she forgot her purse.
 Juan said he absolutely had to work until midnight.
Other Changes in Indirect Speech

 They asked if I had cleaned that desk.

 Jerry said he had lost his job five months previously.

Conditionals: Other Ways to Express Unreality

Definition of Conditionals

 If we put a lot of effort, we will make our dreams true.

 If I were rich, I would buy a big house.
Present Real Conditionals

 We will get in a problem unless Diego behaves adequately.

 Life ends if we destroy our planet.
Present Unreal Conditionals

 If I were you, I would accept that offer.

 They wouldn´t hurt each other if they earn confidence.
Past Unreal Conditionals

 I wouldn´t have gone with you if I had known you deeply.

 I could have won the contest if I had had more opportunities.
Mixed Conditionals

 If I hadn´t gone to school, I would have my own business.

 If I were more polite, I would have gotten better relationships.
Wish and Hope + Noun Clause

 I wish I were taller: I feel like an ant when I´m with my friends.
 I hope she accepts our proposal.
If Only + Noun Clause

 If only life was easier.

 If only life I hadn´t done that to my siblings!

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More Conditions; The Subjunctive
Implied Conditions

 Your life may seem to be lonely. If so, you should talk about your problems to
someone you rely on.
 You can improve your relationships between your friends with extra
communication.
Inverted Conditions

 Were I to accept the conditions, I would focus on utilities.

 Had I bought that purse yesterday, I might have saved some money.
Form and Function of the Subjunctive

 My teacher recommended that she see a doctor.

 My aunts suggested we not come to their house today.
The Subjunctive with Verbs of Advice, Necessity, and Urgency
 I propose we wait patiently until the rest arrives to the company.
 I asked my brothers and sisters to be present for the meeting.
The Subjunctive with Adjectives of Advice, Necessity, and Urgency

 It is essential to educate our kids with the purpose of building a better society.
 It was necessary that my father see a doctor.

Glossary (Source: Merriam Webster Online Dictionary)

1) Shed: to pour forths in drops
 Example: All these tears I shed.

2) Buzzer: an electric signaling device that makes a buzzing sound (like a bee).
 Example: Their team was ahead by two points when the buzzer signaled the end
of the game.

3) Swing: to cause to move vigorously through a wide arc or circle.

 Example: They swing the car into a side road.

4) Exertion: the act or an instance of putting effort.

 Example: He was panting from the exertion of climbing the stairs.

5) Shift: to exchange for or replace by another

 Example: I shifted the bag to my other shoulder.

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 6) Shatter: to break at once into pieces.
 Example: The rock shattered the window.

7) Ooze: to pass or flow slowly through or as if through small openings or

interstices.
 Example: Sap oozed from the tree

8) Sorrow: deep distress, sadness, or regret especially for the loss of someone or
something loved.
 Example: I felt sorrow at the death of my friend.

9) Glare: to stare angrily or fiercely.

 Example: The waitress glared me because I broke the glass.

10) Ubiquitous: existing or being everywhere at the same time.

 Example: By that time cell phones had become ubiquitous, and people had long
ceased to be impressed by the sight of one.

Reflection paragraph
This month is almost finishing, and I could have realized some aspects of myself I left
behind by the time. One of these aspects is the assistance: Several months ago, I
considered myself a responsable student with no records of absence or tardiness. I think
it´s because of the schedule -too early for me- and also the vehicular congestion
Angamos Avenue suffers in these days. Even though, my grades aren´t too bad (they are
not perfect but I am still trying to pass) and I hope I pass this course with no problems.
In addition to that, I learned a little about new topics of English, all that is referred to
adverbs. I can´t remember if it was explained before but now I can say I know some of
it. For example, I never knew terms like implied and inverted condition. It was new for
me and it costed me a bit to learn in a good way. This month had these surprises that
demonstrate we are in constant learning, and also with the funny interaction with our
teacher this was easier.

To conclude, I hope AG03 was one of the most difficult months for me but also the
surprising ones with new things to learn and enjoy. Such an amazing one!