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Ec&Ic Lab Report

This document describes a project to design an all-pass filter using an op-amp IC 741. It lists the aim, equipment required including a power supply, IC 741, breadboard, resistors, capacitors, and oscilloscope. It provides the theory behind all-pass filters, which pass all frequencies without attenuation but provide predictable phase shifts. The circuit diagram and procedure are described, including connecting the circuit, setting the input voltage, finding cutoff frequencies, and plotting a graph. Precautions are also noted such as setting the power supply current and checking the op-amp. The result confirms the all-pass filter was successfully designed.

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GOWRRAJU ANIL
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70 views

Ec&Ic Lab Report

This document describes a project to design an all-pass filter using an op-amp IC 741. It lists the aim, equipment required including a power supply, IC 741, breadboard, resistors, capacitors, and oscilloscope. It provides the theory behind all-pass filters, which pass all frequencies without attenuation but provide predictable phase shifts. The circuit diagram and procedure are described, including connecting the circuit, setting the input voltage, finding cutoff frequencies, and plotting a graph. Precautions are also noted such as setting the power supply current and checking the op-amp. The result confirms the all-pass filter was successfully designed.

Uploaded by

GOWRRAJU ANIL
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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17EE67- EC&IC LAB

PROJECT BASED EXPERIMENT REPORT


A.Y:2019

Submitted

By

B.SURENDARREDDY (17761A0263)

B.MANOJ KUMAR (17761A0264)

B.VENKATA SWAPNA (17761A0265)

Under the guidance of


Mrs.T.NagaDurga (Asst.Professor)
Mr. P. Rathnakar Kumar (Asst.Professor)

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING


LAKIREDDY BALI REDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING (AUTONOMOUS)
(Approved by AICTE, affiliated to JNTUK, KAKINADA, Accredited by NBA,
NAAC with ‘A’ grade and an ISO 9001-2015 certified Institution)
L.B.REDDY NAGAR, MYLAVARAM, KRISHNA DIST-521 230
ANDHRA PRADESH
1.AIM:
To design all pass filter using op-amp IC 741

2.EQUIPMENT REQUIRED:
1.Plus DC power supply-[(0-5)v,50mA]
2.IC 741
3.Breadboard
4.Resistor (1k,10k)
5.Capacitors (0.1mf)

6.Dual trace oscilloscope (30 mhz)

3.Theory:
The frequency selective circuit that passes electrical
circuits signal delivered frequency & alternator.The signals of
frequency outside the land is called one electric filter.Filters
can be classified into so many types like low pass,high pass,all
pass, active ,passive filters &etc. The All Pass Filter design is
one that passes all frequency components of the input signal
without attenuation. Any ordinary wire can be used to
perform this characteristic but the most important factor in
an all pass filter is that it provides predictable phase shifts for
different frequencies of the input signal.
These filters are widely used in communications. For
example, when signals are transmitted over transmission
lines, such as telephone wires, from one point to another,
they undergo a change in phase. All pass filters are used to
compensate for these phase changes. They are also called
delay equalizers or phase correctors.They undergo a change
in phase. The output voltage vout of the filter circuit shown in
fig. (a) can be obtained by using the superposition theorem

vout = -vin +[ -jXC/R-jXC]2vin


Substituting -jXC = [1/j2∏fc] in the above equation, we have

vout = vin [-1 +( 2/ j2∏Rfc)]

or vout / vin = 1- j2∏Rfc/1+ j2∏Rfc

where / is the frequency of the input signal in Hz.

From equations given above it is obvious that the amplitude


of vout / vin is unity, that is |vout | = |vin| throughout the useful
frequency range and the phase shift between the input
and output voltages is a function of frequency.

By interchanging the positions of R and C in the circuit shown


in fig. (a), the output can be made leading the input.
These filters are most commonly used in communications.
For instance, when signals are transmitted over transmission
lines (such as telephone wires) from one point to another
point, they undergo change in phase. To compensate for such
phase changes, all-pass filters are employed.
4.CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

5.PROCEDURE:
1)Design the ckt as per given specifications &connect as
shown in diagram.
2)Keep input voltage at 1v using function generator.
3)find lower and higher cut-off frequency practically.
4)Plot the graph between voltage gain in db &frequency.

6.PRECAUTIONS:
1)Keep current knob of power supply in max position.
2)Check the op-amp before connections.
3)Avoid loose contacts.
RESULT:
Hence all pass filter using op-amp is designed.

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