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Rationale
The people today depend on their lives in the technological advancement
that the world is offering/giving. Electricity became more enormous in terms of using
it in everyday lives. The birth of electricity is the starting point in which the people
become curious about what will be the other use of it. By the used of different
appliances, gadgets and everything that uses electricity these are the great examples of
the invention of humans that change everything.
The uses of AC and DC is one of the beautiful discovery of it. Alternating
Current (AC) is a type of electrical current, in which the direction of the flow of
electrons switches back and forth at regular intervals or cycles. Current flowing in
power lines and normal household electricity that comes from a wall outlet is
alternating current, while the Direct current (DC) is electrical current which flows
consistently in one direction. The current that flows in a flashlight or another appliance
running on batteries is direct current. One advantage of alternating current is that it is
relatively cheap to change the voltage of the current. Furthermore, the inevitable loss
of energy that occurs when current is carried over long distances is far smaller with the
alternating current than with the direct current. Both AC and DC describe types of
current flow in a circuit.
This project plan aims to know how to assemble AC/DC converter and
knowing that this has a wide variety of uses. Develop the skills of one’s individual in
assembling AC/DC converter. Applying the proper methods and procedures of
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assembling. Giving the students a variety of knowledge in assembling any uses of AC
and DC converter.
Background of the Study
Assembling the AC and DC converter is one of the process that help and
prepares individual to apply their technical skills and knowledge in applying,
identifying, familiarizing, developing and testing the electrical components of
assembling AC and DC converter.
Objectives
1. Familiarize with the different supplies and materials needed in 750mA, 3V-12V
AC/DC converter project.
2. Identified component on the schematic and pictorial drawing of AC/DC
converter.
3. Develop skills and knowledge in assembling 750mA AC/DC converter.
4. Applied the procedures involved in AC/DC converter assembling.
5. Tested, measured AC and DC voltages of the finished power supply project.
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Tool, Machines, Supplies and Instrument
A. Instruments
VOM (Multi-tester) Analog
Electric Drill
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Electric Drill
Screw Driver
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Long Nose Plier
Side Cutting Plier
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AC Line Plug
Toggle Switch
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Transformer
Rotary Switch
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Resistor
Fuse Holder
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Knob
Rectifier diode
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220 microfarad/16 W
Alligator Clip
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Methods
1. Prepare all the tools, supplies and materials, machine and instrument
needed.
2. Study carefully the schematic diagram and placement of the switch; fuse
holder transformer & LEDs to be put on converter chassis.
3. Bore the chassis using electric drill with 3mm drill bits.
4. Enlarge the holes for fuse holder, rocker switch, rotary switch and hole for
AC & DC line cords using round file & flat file for proper fixing.
5. After the power transformer, rocker, switch and fuse holder are installed to
their proper placement in the chassis, connect and solder one line of AC line
cord to rocker switch lower terminal and upper terminal of the rocker switch
to 0 volt of the transformer primary winding.
6. Connect and solder the second line of AC line cord to one terminal of the
fuse holder and the other terminal will be connected to 220V of power
transformer.
7. Connect and solder the #22 stranded wire (assorted colors) 4” long to 0, 3v,
4.5v, 6v, 9v, 12v of secondary windings of power transformer and the other
end to lower pole and position of rotary switch terminal.
8. On the upper pole and position of rotary switch, connect the 5 LED’s;
voltage indicator in counter clockwise position for 3v to 12v. Long terminal
of LED to rotary switch terminal and short terminal of LED to 0v of power
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transformer secondary winding. On the pole of the upper switch, connect
1K resistor which the other terminal to 12v of transformer secondary
winding.
9. Prepare the PCB for rectifier circuit (full bridge type), filter circuit and DC
output voltage LED indicator.
10. Perform the PCB designing, etching and boring of the PCB for the AC/DC
converter.
[Link] the PCB is ready (clean & varnished) mount the rectifier, electrolytic
capacitor & resistor and solder it using 30w soldering irons & 60 x 40
soldering lead. Cut excess terminal of component in the PCB with a side
cutting plier.
12. Connect the 0v of the power transformer to input terminal of the rectifier in
the PCB and the output terminal of the lower pole of rotary switch to
rectifier circuit.
13. On the output DC voltage of the converter in the PCB, connect the #20 flat
cord and the other end to mini phone plug. If using alligator clip, red wire
to red alligator clip (positive DC line) and black stripe wire to black alligator
clip (negative DC line). All are soldered connection.
14. Plug into 220v AC and check the LED’s indicator if lighting & measure the
DC output using the DC voltmeter.
15. Place all the supplies and materials used in the converter chassis (metal or
plastics).
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16. Submit for checking.
Construction Procedures
Step 1. Prepare all the tools, supplies and materials, machine and instrument
needed.
Step 2. Study carefully the schematic diagram and placement of the switch; fuse
holder transformer & LEDs to be put on converter chassis.
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Step 4. Enlarge the holes for fuse holder, rocker switch, rotary switch and hole for
AC & DC line cords using round file & flat file for proper fixing.
Step 5. After the power transformer, rocker, switch and fuse holder are installed to their
proper placement in the chassis, connect and solder one line of AC line cord to rocker
switch lower terminal and upper terminal of the rocker switch to 0 volt of the transformer
primary winding.
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Step 6. Connect and solder the second line of AC line cord to one terminal of the fuse
holder and the other terminal will be connected to 220V of power transformer.
Step 7. Connect and solder the #22 stranded wire (assorted colors) 4” long to 0, 3v, 4.5v,
6v, 9v, 12v of secondary windings of power transformer and the other end to lower pole
and position of rotary switch terminal.
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Step 8. On the upper pole and position of rotary switch, connect the 5 LED’s; voltage
indicator in counter clockwise position for 3v to 12v. Long terminal of LED to rotary
switch terminal and short terminal of LED to 0v of power transformer secondary winding.
On the pole of the upper switch, connect 1K resistor which the other terminal to 12v of
transformer secondary winding.
Step 9. Prepare the PCB for rectifier circuit (full bridge type), filter circuit and DC output
voltage LED indicator.
Step 10. Perform the PCB designing, etching and boring of the PCB for the AC/DC
converter.
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Step 11. When the PCB is ready (clean & varnished) mount the rectifier, electrolytic
capacitor & resistor and solder it using 30w soldering irons & 60 x 40 soldering lead. Cut
excess terminal of component in the PCB with a side cutting plier.
Step 12. Connect the 0v of the power transformer to input terminal of the rectifier in the
PCB and the output terminal of the lower pole of rotary switch to rectifier circuit.
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Step 13. On the output DC voltage of the converter in the PCB, connect the #20 flat cord
and the other end to mini phone plug. If using alligator clip, red wire to red alligator clip
(positive DC line) and black stripe wire to black alligator clip (negative DC line). All are
soldered connection.
Step 14. Plug into 220v AC and check the LED’s indicator if lighting & measure the DC
output using the DC voltmeter.
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Step 15. Place all the supplies and materials used in the converter chassis (metal or
plastics).
Step 16. Submit for checking.
Illustration and Drawing
A. Schematic Diagram
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A. Pictorial Diagram
Findings
The project plan which is Assembling AC/DC converter is not that hard if the
step by step procedure of creating converter is followed. It gives us full adventure on how
we need to show our own strategies in making this AC/DC converter works. The skills and
knowledge that we gain in our lessons are all worth it. It helps us to know the different
instruments, components and tools use in making a converter. We become more familiarize
on it since we need to make it on our own. We able to know and study the schematic and
pictorial diagram of it. We also know our safety procedure in creating it especially if it is
about electricity. The project plan we made or the AC/ DC converter was somehow alike
to AVR of a computer. From this project, we are all challenging at first because we have
no idea how the project will be successful. Since all of us, help each other to make this
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project plan to be successfully work.
Conclusions
The result of this project plan indicated the following conclusions:
1. The students who involved in making AC/DC converter successfully
understand on how to connect and apply it properly.
2. Understand the difference between AC and DC.
3. Know the different tools, components and instruments needed in the project
plan.
4. Making the students to be fully develop and fully skill for the future use.
5. The students able to create and make their selves serious in assembling AC/DC
converter.
6. Having unity in group to perform the project plan well.
Recommendation
From the drawn conclusions, the following recommendations are hereby
directed and forwarded:
1. Add a twist in the AC/DC converter, which they should be more creative
in doing the project plan.
2. Add some lights on it
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References
[Link]
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[Link]
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