Ghaidaa

Raheem Lateef Al-Awsi and Hind Hamzah Abdulhussein Int. J. Res. Pharm. Sci., 10(1), 515-518
ORIGINAL ARTICLE

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN

PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES
Published by Pharmascope Publications Journal Home Page: www.pharmascope.org/ijrps

Comparing the effectiveness of the antibiotics and medicinal plants to

influence the bacteria Propionibacterium acne which causing acne
Hind Hamzah Abdulhussein1, Ghaidaa Raheem Lateef Al-Awsi*2
1Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Al-Qadisiyah, Iraq
2Department of Radiology Technologies, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, Iraq

Article History: ABSTRACT

Received on: 11.09.2018 The effect a group of plants was tested like. Ocimum basilicum oil La-
Revised on: 23.12.2018 vandula, Azadirachata indica against Propionibacterium acne acne-causing.
Accepted on: 26.12.2018 The results showed the effect of aquatic extracts of plant leaves under study
starting from the lowest user concentration of 100 mg/ml down to the largest
Keywords: inhibiting zone with a concentration of 500 mg/ml. Antibiotic, bacterial al-
lergy testing was performed with the same concentration used for medicinal
plants for comparison and demonstration of the synergistic effect of both
Lavandula,
Ocimum basilicum, species. It is believed that the differential effect on pathogenic bacteria is
Propionibacterium, caused by both types of use due to the characteristic chemical composition of
the plants under study and the emergence of antibiotic resistance in bacteria
Acne,
Azadirachata indica as a result of excessive use of antibiotics or the abandonment of treatment.
From this study, we recommend the introduction of medicinal plants in the
pharmaceutical industry to reduce the effects of antibiotics on the human

body.

* Corresponding Author glands, and these infections are produced in ado-

lescents in conjunction with the maturation of the
Name: Ghaidaa Raheem Lateef Al-Awsi
sebaceous glands and the production of various
Phone: +9647830994180
hormones in the body (Sugita et al., 2005). Acne oc-
Email: [email protected]
curred because of the increase of some factors such
ISSN: 0975-7538 as increased stimulation indrogen of sebaceous
glands, or skin infections due to the infestation of
DOI: https://doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v10i1.1852 Propionibacterium acne bacteria that cause an in-
crease formation of fatty acids or cause the genetic
Production and Hosted by
factors (Kerkhof et al., 2006).
Pharmascope.org Due to the microbial resistance a grit many studies
© 2018 Pharmascope Publications. All rights reserved.
(Yoo, 2010; Hammer, 2012, Dryden et al., 2004) to
INTRODUCTION reach effective and safe treatments at the same
time against pathogenic microorganisms such as p.
Acne disease spreads between 70-87% of the Acne, S. aureus, and S. epidermidis.
world's Youth (Layton, 2010) because of sexual
hormone disorder and gradually disappears with Our use in researching medicinal plants and their
age and occurs due to clogged hair follicles of dead aromatic oils to test them as an effective treatment
skin cells and accumulation of fat and spreads in and to see how they can discourage the growth of
the face, tenderness and chest (Kligman, 1974) ap- germs causing acne to be used in the medical in-
pears as red and black blisters or in the form of dustries as suitable compounds for skin care and
pus-filled white pellets. minimise the effects of acne;

Boils are an important indicator of inflammation in 1. Ocimum Basilicum: which is renowned for its
acne Infected (Borelli et al., 2006; Jappe, 2004), the antibacterial properties which make it one of
bacteria are distributed primarily in the sebaceous the best ingredients for the treatment of acne
and skin infections and helps to maintain the
© Pharmascope Publications | International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 515
 Ghaidaa Raheem Lateef Al-Awsi and Hind Hamzah Abdulhussein Int. J. Res. Pharm. Sci., 10(1), 515-518

freshness and purity of the skin (Fang et al., Antibiotics used in this work were Co-trmixazol
2004). (CT), doxycilen (DO), erythromycin (ER),
2. Azadirachta Indica: Many studies have clindamycin (CM), azithromycin (AZ) and tetracy-
proven their effectiveness on bacteria and cline (TE), vancomycin (van), amoxicillin, gen-
fungi, with (Pai, 2004) proving the effect of tamycin (Gen), penicillin (pen), nystatin (nes) On
neem gum on Streptococcus and proven bacte- growth Propionibacterium acens, in 37c for 24
ria (Alzoreky, 2003) effective plant on Bacillus hours.
cereus, E coli, Salmonella, Lactobacillus spp.
Microorganisms: A number of acne- bacteria
And a wide range of bacteria in India and the
causing isolates were used in the Qadisiyah/Iraq,
Middle East as mentioned (Fabry, 1998) which
isolated directly from school students ranging
are a very strong fungal infection as stated
from 13-17 years, (25) isolated in the form of
(Sairam et al., 2000) where they tested its ef-
swabs from infected areas cultured on the Blood
fect on Candida spp. Plant oil and leaves have a
Agar media for 48 hours and make the biochemical
significant role in the treatment of skin dis-
test (indol, Gram +, catalase, Esculin test and iden-
eases such as acne, eczema, psoriasis and
tified the bacteria was p. acne.
warts, as well as its use in cosmetic and skin
cleaning tools as it contains elements that help RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
regenerate and revitalise the skin (Thas,
Measuring the synergistic effectiveness of anti-
2008).
biotics against isolated bacteria
3. Lavandula: the oldest herbs used by the Ro-
mans and the Greeks by means of its antibacte- To estimate the synergistic effectiveness by ob-
rial properties, viruses, fungi, burns and insect serving the presence or absence of growth by
bites (Cavanagh., 2002). measuring the inhibition diameters in the pits in
which the antibiotics were found. We used the con-
METHODOLOGY centration of 500 mg/ml and after the incubation
The plants were collecting after the diagnosis of in 24 h. The results shown in the table were rec-
their classification, isolated leaves and parts of the orded by measuring the inhibition diameters of the
plants and left to dry in the air in dedicated spaces used concentrations. See results in Table 1.
for this purpose and at the laboratory temperature In table 1, bacteria allergy to commonly used anti-
for two weeks, was crushed by the mortar and then
biotics for the treatment of acne caused by Propi-
the electric machine to get the plant powder used onibacterium acens bacteria has been tested to
in the study. Our Take 1 gm of each plant and blend compare the use of antibiotics and medicinal
with 10 ml of sterile water to obtain a standard so-
plants for treatment and the most effective
lution with a concentration of 100 mg/ml. Mixed
knowledge. After the test the bacteria showed re-
the solution by a magnetic stirrer for 24 hours at sistance against a wide spectrum of antibiotics
room temperature and then 4 hours at 60-70 tem- such as tetracycline resistance (TE), Doxycilen
perature with the constant shake. Before Then put (DO), erythromycin (ER), Failure to respond to
the solution in the centrifuge for 3 minutes 5000 these antibiotic treatments in important concen-
RPM. trations lead to the Appearance of advanced bacte-
The oils were diluted with ethyl alcohol to make a rial strains antibiotic resistance, leading to other
storage solution in 1000ml, the concentrations problems When treatment stopped as stated
tested were (50, 100, 250 ml). As for the antibiotics (Agarwal et al., 2011; Sunday, 2009). Our results
that were used to demonstrating the ability of bac- included the bacteria were Appear resistance
teria to resist antibiotics, the method was the disks against (vancomycin (van) Co-trmixazol (CT, peni-
propagation method: National Committee for Clin- cillin (pen), nystatin, amoxicillin, clindamycin(CM)
ical Laboratory Standards. The performance stand- in the same concentration.
ard for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing. Ap- The above results should research alternative
proved Standard M2-A7, 7th ed., National Commit- methods such as the use of medicinal plants for
tee for Clinical Laboratory Standard, Pennsylvania, treatment to reduce the side damage to use antibi-
2000. The concentration of 500 mg/ml was used
otics that are appropriate with nature of human
for all types of antibiotics under study, which is the
body and not to have a resistance to the high con-
lowest concentration used with herbs and shows centrations of antibiotics.
how the bacteria can be allergic or resistant. The
concentration of 500 mg/ml was used for all types Measure the synergistic effects of the medicinal
of antibiotics under study, which is the lowest con- plant against isolated bacteria
centration used with herbs and shows how the Plant extracts have been used in our current study,
bacteria can be allergic or resistant. and to estimate the degree of synergy and quality
by observing the presence or absence of growth by
516 © Pharmascope Publications | International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences

 Ghaidaa Raheem Lateef Al-Awsi and Hind Hamzah Abdulhussein Int. J. Res. Pharm. Sci., 10(1), 515-518

Table 1: Antibiotics sensitivity test

amox van tet Az CM ER DO CT pen Nes
Propionibacterium acens R R R R R R R R R R
Table 2: The main causative agent of acne (Bacteria) and inhibition zone resulting from the
use of effective plants measured by (mm) after the incubation 24 hours at 37 m
Pathogenic bacteria Ocimum basilicum oil Azadirachata indica Lavandula
Concentration In Mg/ml 100 250 500 100 250 500 100 250 500
Propionibacterium acnes 2 5 7 4 6 12 4 8 18

measuring the inhibition diameters in the perime- them to enter the metabolic pathways and also
ter of the pits in which the plant extracts were re- cause a defect in the secretion of hormones such as
covered. See results in table 2. hydrocortzins we suggest developing a study Ef-
fective plant compositions as natural and effective
In Table 2, Ocimum basilicum Oil extract has an ef-
substances, and pharmaceutical companies adopt
fect at 500 mg/ml with inhibition zone 7 mm,
the process of developing these products by intro-
where this plant effectively defines its aquatic ex-
ducing them as an active ingredient instead of
tracts against microbiota, including the bacteria
chemical antibiotics.
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