PELTON WHEEL WATER TURNBINE
ABSTRACT: source of energy. It depends upon the pressure of
water. It transforms the energy from mechanical to
Generation of Hydroelectric power is one of the electrical.
way in which electricity can produce which is very
efficient and most reliable method for long term. Energy may exist in various forms. Hydraulic energy
There are many ways where electricity can produce is that which may be possess by a fluid. It may be in
but there were certain hazards for both human and the form of kinetic, pressure, potential, strain or
environment also for other creatures. In this thermal energy. Fluid machinery is use to convert
research paper, Hydro-Electric Power (HEP) hydraulic energy into mechanical energy or
method is use in which Fluid energy first convert mechanical energy into hydraulic energy [2]. If talk
into Mechanical energy which is to rotate the about the turbine so Hydraulic turbine can be defined
turbine and then finally convert into DC Electric as a rotary machine, which uses the potential and
Power. For this purpose, Pelton wheel water kinetic energy of water and converts it into useful
turbine is select because of high efficiency Pelton mechanical energy. Design of high efficiency Pelton
turbine for micro hydropower plant is more turbine for micro hydropower plant. Available from:
efficient and reliable. The purpose is to analyze the The water turbines convert the energy possessed by
high power on output because its application can the water to mechanical energy. Pelton turbine (or
be implement on mountainous areas where Pelton wheel), an impulse turbine, is one of the well-
electricity is the main problem in all over the known type of water turbines [3]. The easiest way to
world. In previous tests, the results were reach generate the electricity. The flow of water dependent
nearest as expected output in which analyze the upon the power generation. Beside the river where the
maximum power gain from the Pelton Wheel water flow the turbine to be fix. The basic mechanism
Turbine. In order to get maximum power, three is to rotate the wheel by the flow of water.
motors are connected in parallel produced 24 volts
each and maximum current rating of DC The Pelton wheel water turbine similar to windmill,
Generator is 1 to 2 amperes. In order to increase except the energy is provide by flowing or falling
the efficiency of the system Timing Belt mechanism water instead of wind. The turbine converts the kinetic
is use in which maximum Pulley ratio is 1:2 in energy (K.E) of flowing or falling water into
which the maximum diameter of pulley attach with mechanical energy. Due to the rotation through fluids
shaft of turbine. Due to this, the maximum torque can convert the kinetic energy into the mechanical
is produce and give high range of rpm. The analysis energy. The rotatory mechanism caused by the set of
consists of comparisons of pie charts and graphs spoon-shaped blades. The Pelton wheel water turbine
includes different fluids like air, water, gas and
impulse of stream and so on. There are many types of
turbines including wind turbine, gas turbine, water
INTRODUCTION: turbine and stream turbine.
As all know that Electricity is the main problem all Pelton wheel is a kind of water turbine brought in
over the world, especially those people who live at invention by Lester Allan Pelton in 1870s [4]. The
mountainous areas. In order to overcome this problem working mechanism of a Pelton can be described as
is to find the efficient system so that system has low the rotation of a Pelton wheel due to the high speed of
friction and other losses, which helps to increase the water jet, which will strike the wheel and allow it to
efficiency of the system. If talk about the system so rotate. This high speed of water is convert into kinetic
Hydro Electric power will take the highest priority energy from the pressure energy of water. The uses for
because the cost of hydroelectricity is relatively low, turbines involve high head, low flow power plants.
making it a competitive source of renewable Pelton wheels can be design in all sizes depending
electricity. Once a hydroelectric complex is upon the efficiency and power. The parts of Pelton
wheel turbines include nozzles, runner, buckets and
constructed, the project produces no direct waste. This
casing. From the source, the water is transfer at the end
complex structure of system has very low losses and
of which a nozzle is attach to control the speed of
the important thing is that it is renewable energy [1]. water. Other parts of a Pelton turbine include runner
There are so many ways to generate electricity from and buckets. The circular disc is basically, the runner
water, oil, natural gas, coal, nuclear method, steam and having equal spacing in number of buckets attached to
so on but the hydropower is the safest and easiest wat it. One of the most important part is the casing of
to generate power. Around world’s 15 percent of the turbine, which does not really perform any specific
energy drive by hydro-control plant and it is renewable actions but prevents the splashing of water while
working.
PELTON WHEEL WATER TURNBINE
METHODOLOGY: three motors parallel connected with gears. The gears
attached to the motors are variable in sizes that is the
The concept of Pelton wheel water turbine is to
size gradually increases to avoid torque to make it
generate power by converting it into electrical energy
faster rotation to get the high power. The shape from
from mechanical energy. The Pelton wheel water
nozzle jets and its consequences on applied force and
turbine can do more power generation by
torque of the bucket. The jets also use in square,
implementing different mechanisms. The procedure to
triangular, elliptical and circular in shape. Results is
obtain the power from water turbine is to connect the
found that the circular jet have high efficiency
motor to the shaft of the wheel. The water flows
compared the other shapes. The circular jet has
through the wheel and it helps to rotate the motor
uniform impact over the bucket. Pelton buckets sharp
through the shaft also, the spoon-shaped at the wheel
edges of square, triangle results in loss of efficiency.
designed to avoid the splashing back of water to make
The impact on Pelton wheel water turbine of different
it less resistive.
nozzles, inlet and discharge. The increase in nozzle’s
diameter led to decrease the pressure of water
discharge in which decreases the water head in which
led to decrease the turbine performance like torque,
power as well as efficiency [5]. By increasing the
diameter of nozzle, the water pressure will be
decreased and by decreasing the diameter so get more
the water pressure and its performance as well as
efficiency increases.
REFERENCES:
https://www.mechanicalbooster.com/2016
As the power generated as result in rotating the shaft /10/pelton-turbine-working-main-parts-
connected to the generator motor. The power application-with-diagram.html
dependent upon the flow of water; the more flow, more https://brage.bibsys.no/xmlui/bitstrea
the power generation. The three motors are cascaded
m/handle/11250/2359340/14015_FULL
with parallel with different gears. The gears size
proportional to the revolution that is (As the gear size TEXT.pdf?sequence=1 [1]
would bigger it rotate quickly). In Pelton Wheel https://www.researchgate.net/publicatio
Turbine, the power generation increased by cascaded n/288262955_Design_of_high_efficienc
each motor in parallel through the belt. The belt can y_Pelton_turbine_for_microhydropower
also have less friction. The first motor connected to the plant [2]
gear, the size of the gear is smaller in order to avoid http://www.wvic.com/content/how_hy
torque. As for the second and third motor through belt, dropower_works.cfm. [3]
the size of the gear gradually increased as to avoid https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pelton_w
toque. This mechanism caused the Pelton to rotate heel [4]
faster as to get the more power. The material also
https://www.ijraset.com/fileserve.php?
important factor in the water turbine. The stainless
FID=14781 [5]
steel is used in the Pelton wheel water turbine to avoid
the rusting and is enough stronger compared to other
material.
LITERATURE REVIEW:
The only purpose of the Pelton wheel water turbine is
to generate electricity. Many of the researchers made
an advancement in order to produce more power. In
this Pelton Wheel Turbine several implementations to
make it more efficient. The mechanism that cascaded
