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ACCA Short Notes

The document discusses different types of businesses including service, merchandising, and manufacturing businesses. It also outlines different forms of business organization such as sole proprietorships, partnerships, corporations, limited liability companies, cooperatives, joint stock companies, and franchises. The key differences between limited and unlimited companies as well as publicly and privately held companies are also explained.

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63 views

ACCA Short Notes

The document discusses different types of businesses including service, merchandising, and manufacturing businesses. It also outlines different forms of business organization such as sole proprietorships, partnerships, corporations, limited liability companies, cooperatives, joint stock companies, and franchises. The key differences between limited and unlimited companies as well as publicly and privately held companies are also explained.

Uploaded by

rahimdad mukhtari
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ACCA – FA1

Business
To provide good or service for customers using economic resources and make profit for its owner.

Profit : Income ˃ Expenditure

 Types:
 Servicing ‫خدماتی‬
Earn profit by providing intangible products and advices to the customer
Ex : Bank, repair shop, School, Accounting and law firm.

 Merchandising ‫بازرگانی‬
Earn profit by buying products at wholesale price and sell at retail price.
Ex : retailers and wholesalers.

 Manufacturing ‫تولیدی‬
Earn profit by producing and converting raw material into finished good and sell it to
merchandising company. Ex : Factory, Plant, Mill.

Channel : Manufacturer Agent/Broker Merchandiser Consumer

(4) ‫ شرکتی است که هر یک از شرکا طور انفرادی یا دسته جمعی مکلف به تادیۀ تمام قروض و دیون‬:‫شرکت تضامنی‬
‫شرکت می باشند‬.

(5) ‫ شرکتی است که در آن یک یا چند شریک نسبت به قروض و دیون شرکت دارای مسئولیت‬:‫شرکت تضامنی مختلط‬
‫تضامنی و غیر محدود بوده و متباقی شرکا دارای مسئولیت محدود باندازه سهم شان در شرکت می باشند‬.

(6) ‫ شرکتی است که در آن شرکا منفردا ً نسبت به قروض و دیون شرکت مسئول نبوده و مسئولیت‬:‫شرکت محدودالمسئولیت‬
‫هر شریک محدود باندازۀ سهم وی در شرکت می باشد‬.

(7) ‫ شرکتی است که سرمایۀ آن معین و منقسم به اسهام بوده و اندازۀ مسئولیت هر شریک به اندازۀ سهم آن‬:‫شرکت سهامی‬
‫محدود باشد‬.

 Forms :
1. Sole Proprietorship ‫ انحصاری‬: Owned by only one person and it face unlimited liability
(creditor go after the personal asset if the business can’t pay them).
Ex : Inventory, infrastructure (building, road, power supply), real property.

2. Partnership ‫ شراکت‬: Owned by two or more person contribute their resources into the
entity. The profit is divided among partners .and has unlimited liab
Ex : MC Donald, Twitter, HP, WB picture.

3. Corporation ‫ شرکت‬: has a separate legal personality from its owners has limited liability.
Ex : ICA

4. LLC (Limited Liability Company) ‫ شرکت با مسئولیت محدود‬: combination of corporation,


partnership and sole proprietorship
5. Cooperative : owned by a group of individuals for their mutual benefits.
Ex : Water & Electricity, credit union, banking, housing coop.
6. Joint Stock ‫ شرکت سهامی‬:

7. Franchises : purchase the rights to open and run a business from a larger corporation

Limited and unlimited Com:

Publicly & Private Com: publicly can sell share into online exchange market while private can’t sell share
into exchange market. Ex ICA ltd.

Note: 2-7 person is private. Over 8 is public.

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