Rolle's Theorem

EXERCISES

level 1 12. At what points on the curve

(Problems Based on Fundamentals) y = 12 (x + 1) (x - 2) on [-1, 2], is the tangent
1. Verify Rolle's theorem for the function parallel to x -axis?.
f(x) = x 3 - 3x2 + 2x + 5 on [O, 2].. Algebraic Meaning of Rolle's Theorem
2. Verify Rolle's theorem for the function 13. Let f(x) = x 3 - x 2 - x + 1. Prove that there is a root
f(x) = (x - ar(x - b)" on [a, b], m, n E J+ of its derivative on (- 1, 1).
3. Verify Rolle's theorem for _the function 14. Prove that the equation xcosx = sinx has a root
between n and 2n.
x2 + ab· 15. Prove that the equation x 3 + x - 1 = 0 has exactly
f(x) = lo {
g x(a + b) } on [a, b], where O < a < b. one real root.
4. Verify Rolle's theorem for the function 16. Let f(x) = sins x + cos. x
s
- l on, [ 0, ¥]
f(x) = sin4 x + cos4 x on [ 0, �] Then prove that the equation f(x) = 0 has two roo

5. Verify Rolle's theorem for the function in [o, �]

f(x) = 2sinx + sin2x on [O, n] 17. If 2a + 3b + 6c = 0, then prove that the equation
6. Verify Rolle's theorem for the function ax2 + bx + c = 0 has at least one root in (0, 1).
18. If a + b + c = 0, then show that the equatiou
f(x) = sinx + cosx - 1 on [ 0, �]
3 ax2 + 2 bx + c = 0 has atleast one root in (0, 1).
7. Verify Rolle's theorem for the function 19. If 3a + 4b + 6c + 12d = 0, then prove that the
equation ax3 + bx2 + ex + d, where a, b, c, d E I?.
.f(;) = ex (sinx - cosx) on [ { 5:] has atleast one root in (0, 1).
20. If f(x) = x2(1 - x)3 , then prove that the equation
8. Suppose that .f(x) = x 112 - x 312 on [0, l ]. Find a f'(x) = 0 has atleast one root in (0, 1).
number c that satisfies the conditions of 'Rolle's
21. If .f(x) = Cx - l)(x - 2)(x - 3)(x - 4), then find th
theorem.
number of real roots of f'(x) = 0
9. If the value of c prescribed in the Rolle's theorem
and indicate the intervals in which they would lie.
for the function f(x) = 2x(x - 3)", n E_ Non [0, 3]
is 3/4, then find the value of n. 22. Find the number of real roots of
10. If the function f(x) = x 3 - 6x 2 + ax + b is defined (i) x 3 - 6x 2 + 15x + 3 = 0
on [1, 3] satisfies the hypothesis of Rolle's theorem, (ii) 4x2 - 2lx2 + 18x + 20 = 0
then find the values of a and b.
(iii) 3x 4
- 8x 3
- 6x + 24x + 1 = 0
2

11. If the function f(x) = x 3 - px2 + qx is defined on 4

[l, 3] satisfies the hypothesis of Rolle's theorem such (iv) x - 4x - 2 = 0
that c = 5/4, then find the values of (p + 4q + 17).

1
 Rolle's Theorem

23. Discuss the applicability of Rolle's theorem for (ii) /(x)= sin lxl on[-2n, 2n]
each of the following funct-ions on the indicated (iii) f(x) = lsin xl on[0, 2,r]
intervals: (iv) f(x) = log lxl on [0, 5]
(i) /(x)= Ix - 21 in[0, 3]. (v) /(x)= llog lxll on [-1, l ]
(ii) /(x)= 3+ (x - 2)213 in [1, 3] 33. Using L.M.V. theorem, prove that
(iii) /(x)= sin(}) in[-1, 1] b -a !!_ b-a
< log( a) < a '
b
_ (iv)
. /(x)= {-4X + 5, 0 � X � 1 where 0 < a < b.
<2 ·
2X ·- 3, 1 <x_ 34. Using L.M.V. theorem, prove that (b - a) sec2 a <
.
(v) / (x)= [x] in[-1, 1], where[,]= G.I.F. tan b - tana < (b - a)sec2b, where 0 <a<b < Jr
2
(vi) /(x) = sinlxl in [- 2, 2] 35. Using L.M.V. theorem, prove that
(vii) /(x)= e-lxl in[-3, 3] /3-a /3-a
-- < tan-1 /3- tan- 1a<

½I � · 0 <a< f3
1+/3 2
l+u-
(viii) /(x)= je-lxl - in[-2, 2]
36. Using L.M.V. theorem, prove that lsin x - sinyl �
(ix) /(x)= I½ - 1 j in[-1, 1] Ix - yl
37. Using L.M.V. theorem, prove that ltan-1 xi � lxl for
(x) /(x)= sin x+ lsin xl in[- n, n] all x in R.
Lagranges Mean Value Theorem 38. Using L.M.V. theorem, prove that ltan x - tanyl 2'.
24. Verify Lagranges Mean Value Theorem for the Ix - yl for all x, y in (-}�)
function /(x)= x3 - x2 - x+ 1 on[0, 2].
39. Let f be a differentiable function for all x in R. If
25. Find the value of c for which the_ function
/(1)= -2 and f'(x) 2'. 2 for all x in [l, 6] such that
/(x)= (x - 1) (x - 2)(x - 3) on [0, 4] is applicable
on L.M.V. theorem the least value of /(6) is m, then find the value of
2(m+ 2)3+ 17
26. Find the point on the curve y = 2x2 - 5x+ 3 where
the tangent is parallel to the chord joining the points 40. If f is continuous on[0, 2] and differentiable on (0, 2)
A(l, 0) and B(2, 1). such that /(0)= 2, /(2)= 8 and /'(x) � 3 for all x in
(0, 2), then find the value of /(1).
27. Find a point on the parabola y= (x - 4)2, where the
tangent is parallel to the chord joining (4, 0) and
(5, 1).
28. Suppose/(x) is twice differentiable function such that
/(1)= 1,/(2)= 4,/(3)= 9, then prove that there exist at
least one root in (1, 3) such that /"(x)= 2, x E R
29. If /(x) satisfies the property of L.M.V. theorem in
[0, 2] such that /(0) = 0 and f'(x) � ½ for all x in
[0, 2],'prove that /(x) � 1.
30. Let/(x) and g(x) be differentiable functions for x E [0,
1] such that /(0) = 2, g(0) = 0, /(1) = 6 Let there
exist a real number c in (0, 1) such that/'(c)= 2g '(c),
then find the value of g(l).

31. If a, b, c E ( 0, �) and a < c < b, then prove

cosa - c?sb
that = - tanc
sina - smb
32. Discuss the applicability of L.M.V. theorem for each
of the following functions to the indicated intervals
(i) /(x) = } on[-1, l]

2
 Rolle's Theorem

. HINTS AND SOLUTIONS

(m(c - b) + n(c - a))= 0

level I
(Problems based on Fundaments) mb + na
c=- - -E (a b)
m+n
1. Given f(x)= x3 - 3x2 + 2x + 5 Hence, Rolle's theorem is verified.
As we know that, every polynomial function is x2 + ab }
continuous as well as differentiable. 3. Given f(x) = log {
x(a + b)
So, f(x) is continuous and differentiable on_ the As we know that every logarithmic function is
indicated interval. continuous and differentiable in Positive real
Also, f(0) = 5 and f(2) =- 8 - 12 + 4 + 5 = 5 numbers
i.e. f(0) = 5 = f(2) So it is continuous in [a, b] and differentiable in
Thus, all the conditions of Rolle's theorem are (a, b)
satisfied. ab )
Also, f(a) = log (a
2
+
= log 1 = 0
Now, we have to show that there exist a point c in a(a + b)
(0, 2) such that f'(c)= 0
We have f'(c)= 3c2 - 6c + 2= 0 = 0 gives b2 + ab
and f(b) = log ( -- ) = log l = 0
We have f'(c) = 3c2 - 6c + 2= 0 gives b(a + b)
Thus, all the conditions of Rolle's theorem are
C= 6 ± -f36 - 24 = 6 ± 2f3 = l ± _l_
satisfied.
6 6 f3
Now we have to show that there exist a point c in
C = 1 +
- - E (0' 2)
(a, b) such thatf'(c)= 0
f3
Hence, Rolle_'s theorem is verified.
x2 + ab )
We have f(x)= log (
2. Given f(x)= (x - ar(x - bf x(a + b)
As we 'know that every polynomial function is = log(x2 + ab) - log(x(a + b))
continuous and differentiable everywhere.
So, f(x) is continuous and differentiable on the given f'(x) = � - _!_
indicated interval. x2+ab x
Also, f(a)= 0 = f(b). 2x2 - x2 - ab = x2 - ab
f'(x) =
Thus, all the conditions of Rolle's theorem are x(x 2 + ab) x(x2 + ab)
satisfied.
Now, f'(c)= 0 gives c2 - ab= 0
Now, we have to show that there exist a point c in
(a, b) such that f'(c) = 0 C. = *1b
E (a, b)
So, Hence, Rolle's theorem is verified.
f'(x) = m(x - a) m-l (x - bf+ n(x - a) m(x - bf-1
4. Given f(x)= sin4 x + cos4 x
m 1
f'(x) = (x - a) -l (x - bf- (m(x - b) + n(x - a)) As we know that every sine and co-sine functions is
Now, f'(c) gives c= a, c= b and continuous and differentiable everywh�re.

3
 Rolle's Theorem

So, it is continuous on [0, g] and is differentiable. So, f(x) is continuous in [0, g]

differentiable on (0, g) and differentiable in (0, g)
Also, f(0)= 1 = f ( g) f(0)= 0 + 1 - 1 = 0

Thus, all the conditions of Rolle's theorem are f( g)= 1 +0 - 1 = 0

satisfied.
Now, we have to show that there exist a point e in
So, f(0)= 0= f ( g)
(0, g) such that f'(e)= 0 Thus, all the conditions of Rolle's theorem are
satisfied.
Therefore, Now, we have to show that, there exists a point
f'(x) = 4 sin3 xcosx - 4 cos3 xsinx
= 4 sinxcosx( sin2x - cos2 x)
e E (0, g) such that f'(e)= 0.
=> case - sine= 0
= -2.(2sinxcosx)( cos2 x - sin2x)
=> case= sine
= -2 . sin2x · cos2x
=> tane= 1
= -sin4x
Now, f'(e)= 0 gives sin(4e)= 0 => e= !E_ E
4
(o'2!E_)
=> sin(4e)= sin(n") Thus, the Rolle's theorem is verified.

=> e= i E (0, g). 7. As we know that, every exponential, sine and cosine
functions are differentiable everywhere.
5 . Clearly, f(x) is continuous in [0, n] and differentiable . . . . n 5n
So, 1t 1s contmuous m [ , ]
in (0, n) 4 4

=>
f(0)= 0, f(n)= 0
f(0)= 0= f(n)
and differentiable in ( i, 5
4
n)
Thus, all the conditions of Rolle's theorem are Now,
satisfied.
Now, we have to show that, there exists a point
e E (0, n) such that f'(e)= 0. and

Now, f'(e)= 0 gives

=> 2cose +2cos2e= 0
So, f(i)= 0 =f( 5:)
=> cose +cos2e= 0 Thus, all the conditions of Rolle's theorem are
satisfied.
cose +2cos2e - 1 = 0
Now, we have to show that, there exists a point
=>
=>
2cos2e +cose - 1 = 0
2cos2e +2cos.e - 1 = 0
eE( i, 5
n) such that f'(e)= 0.
4
=> 2cose(cose + 1) - ( cose + 1)= 0 => ec(sine - cose) +ec( cose +sine)= 0
=> (2cose - l)(cose + l)'= 0 => ( sine - cose) +( cose +sin i::)= 0
1 => 2sine= 0
=> cose= -1
2'
Jr => sine= 0
=> e= - Jr
3'-
=> e= Jr E
( n 5n)
Jr 4' 4
=> e= E [O, Jr]
3 Thus, all the conditions of Rolle's theorem are
Thus, the Rolle's theorem is verified. verified.
6. As we know that, every sine and cosine function 8. Given f(x)= x112 - x312 on ro. 11

4
 Rolle's Theorem

Since f(x) satisfies all the conditions of Rolle's 68

= + 17= 34
theorem, so there exists a point c E (0, 1) su ch 4
that 12. Given curve is y= 12(x + 1) (x - 2)
f'(c)=0 Since the tangent is parallel to x-axis, so
1 -112 3 112 dy
c - c =0 so, -=0
2 2 dx
_1_ � 3c112=0 12{(x + 1) + (x - 2)} =0
c112
2x-1=0
1 - 3c=0
1
1 x =-
2

9. Given
C=
3
E (0, 1)

f(x)=2x(x-3f
when x= 112, then y= 12 ( 1 + ½)(½ - 2)

f'(x)=2(x - 3f + 2nx(x - 3f-1 3 3

�
� y= 12 X l X - l=- 27
f'(c)=0 gives
2(c-3f + 2nc( c-3f-1 =0 Hence, the point is ( ½, - 27 ).
2(c - 3t=-2 nc(c-3r-1 . 13. Given f(x)= x3 - x2 - x + 1
(c-3t=-nc(c-3r-1 � f'(x) = 3x2 - 2x-1
(c - 3)=-nc
f(x)=0 gives 3x2 - 2x - 1 =0
c(l + n) = 3
3 -= 3 � 3x2 - 3x + x - 1=0
(1 + n)=-= 4
C 3/4 � 3x(x-1) + 1 (x - 1)=0
n=3
Hence, the value of n is 3. � (3x + 1) (x - 1)=0
10. Given f(x)= x3 - 6x2 + ax + b
X � 1 _ .!_
' 3
f(l)=f(3)
1
� 1 -6 + a + b = 27-54 + 3a + b X= - E (-1, 1)
3
� a + b-5=3a + b-27
2a=22 Thus,the derivative of the functionhas a root in(-1,1).
�
a=ll,bER 14. Here, we shall show that the equation xcosx=sinx
has a root in n and 2n .
11. Given f(x) = x3 px2 + qx
sinx
-
Let f(x)= X
f(l)=f(3)
1 - p + q= 27 - 9p + q Clearly f (x)=0, at x= n, 2n
XCOSX - sinx
1 - p= 27 - 9p Now, f'(x) =
x2
Sp= 26
So, by Rolle's theorem, f'(x) must vanish for some
13 value of x in(n, 2n).
p =
4
Hence, the equation xcosx - sinx=0 has a root in
Also, f '(c)=0 (n, 2n).

¾r _ ¾)
3c2 - 2pc + q=0. 15. Let f(x)=x 3 + x - 1
Now, f (0)=0 + 0 - 1=-1 < 0
3( 2p ( + q= o
f(l)= 1 + 1 -1= 1 > 0
q= 2p(¾)- 3(¾) 2 So, f(x) has a root in between 0 and 1.
16. Given f(x)=sin5 x + cos5 x-1
75 130-75 55
q=2 (Q4 X �)
4
_
16
=
16
=
16 J'(x)= 5 sin4 xcosx - 5 cos4x sinx
Hence, the value of (p + 4q + 17) = 5sinx cos x(sin3 x - cos3 x)
55 Now, f'(x)=0 gives
=Q + + l7
4 4 sinx cos x (sin3 x - cos3 x)=0

5
 Rolle's Theorem

tan3 x= l
Hence, J'(x)= 0 has three real roots.
n
x= . 15 ± ffs
4
Now, f"(x )= O gives x=
Since f'(x) has a real root, so f(x) must have two 6

roots in [ 0, g]
ax 3 bx 2
17. Let f(x)= + + ex
3 2
Now f(O)= 0
=� !!_ 2a + 3b + 6e Q
and f(l) + + e= = =0 Thus, f'(x)= 0 has three real roots

(-00 15 -6fil)' ( 15 -6ffs' 15 6fil)

3 2 6 6
Thus, ax 2+bx+e= 0 has at-least one root in (0, 1). +

( 15 \fil, 00)
18. Let f(x)= ax 3 + bx 2 + ex
Now, f(O)= 0 and
and f(l)= a + b + e= 0.
22.
Thus, by Rolle's Theorem, there is atleast one root
in its derivative. (i) Letf(x) = x 3 - 6x2 + 15x + 3
ax 4 bx 3 ex 2 =
19. Let f(x)= - + - + - + dx f'(x) 3x 2 - 12x + 15
4 3 2
= 3(x2 - 4x + 5)
Now, f(O)= 0
Now, f'(x) = 0 has no real roots
a b e
and f(l) = - + - + - + d So, f(x) = 0 has only one real root.
4 3 2
(ii) Let f(x)= 4x 3 - 2lx 2 + 18x + 20
= 3a + 4b + 6e + 12d = => f'(x) = 12x2 - 42x + 18
0
12
=> J'(x) = 6(2x2 - 7x + 3)
So, by Rolle's theorem, between any two roots => f'(x)= 6(2x - l )(x - 3)
of a polynomial , there is atleast one root of its
derivative. Clearly, f'(x) = 0 has two real roots.
Hence, the result. Thus, f(x) = 0 has three real roots.
3
20. Given f(x)= x\1 - x) (iii) Let j(x) = 3x 4 - 8x3 - 6x2 + 24x + 1
Clearly, f(O)= 0=f(l) f'(x)= 12x 3
- 24x 2
- 12x + 24
Thus, f(x) has two roots.
= 12(x3 - 2x2 - x + 2)
So, by Rolle's theorem, between any two roots
of a polynomial, there is atleast one root of its = 12{x (x - 2) -1 (x - 2)}
2

derivative.
= 12(x - 2)(x2 - 2)
Hence, the result.
Clearly, f'(x) = 0 has three real roots.
21. Given f(x)= (x - l)(x - 2) (x - 3)(x - 4)
So, f(x)= 0 has 4 real roots.
f'(x)= (x - l )(x - 2)(x - 3) + (x - 1)
(x - 3)(x - 4) + (x - l )(x - 2)(x - 4) (iv) Letf(x) = x 4 - 4x - 2
+ (x - 2)(x - 3)(x - 4) f'(x) = 4x 3 - 4
= (x - 6x + l l x - 6) + (x 8x 19x - 12)
3 2 3 2
- + = 4(x 3
- 1)
+ (x - 7x
3 2
+ 14x - 8) + (x3 - 9x2 + 26x - 24) = 4(x - 1)(x2 + x + 1)
= 4x 3
- 30x 2
+ ?Ox - 50 So, it has only one real root
.f"(x)= 12x 2
- 60x + 70 Thus, f(x) = 0 has 2 real roots.
Clearly, its D= 3600 - 3360= 240 > 0 23.
So, f"(x) has two .real roots. (i ) f(x)= Ix - 21 in [O, 3].

6
 Rolle's Theorem

Clearly, f(x) is not differentiable at x=2 3c2 - 2c - 2=0

So Rolle's theorem is not applicable.
2 ± "4+24-=2 ± 2--fi
(ii) f(x)=3 + (x - 2)213 in [1, 3] c=
6 6
Clearly, f(x) is not differentiable at x =2 So
c= 1--
± --ff-
Rolle's theorem is not applicable. 3
l
(iii) f(x)=sin(}) in [-1, l] C= \--ff E (0, 2)
Clearly,f(x) is not continuous at x=0 So Rolle's Hence, L.M.V. theorem is verified.
theorem is not applicable. 25. Given f(x) =(x - 1) (x - 2) (x - 3) (x - 4)
. . {-4X + 5, 0 :5: X :5: 1 As we know that every polynomial function is
(1v) f(x) = .
2X - 3, 1 <X-
<2 continuous and differentiable everywhere.
So, it is continuous in [O, 4] and differentiable in
Clearly, f(x) is not continuous at x=1 So Rolle's
theorem is not applicable. (0, 4)
(v) f(x) =[x] in [-1, 1], where [,]=G.I.F. Thus, all the conditions of L.M.V. theorem are
satisfied.
Clearly, f(x) is not continuous at x =-l, 0, 1
So Rolle's theorem is not applicable. Now we have to show that there exists a point
c E (0, 4) such that
(vi) f(x) =sin lxl in [-2, 2]
Clearly, f(x) is not differentiable at x=0 ' f(4) - f(O) 24 - 0
f (c)= = =6
So Rolle's theorem is not applicable. 4-0 4
(vii) f(x) =e-lxl in [-3, 3] 4c3 - 30c2 + 70c - 50=-6
Clearly, f(x) is not differentiable at x=0
4c3 30c2 + 70c - 44=0
So Rolle's theorem is not applicable.
-

2(c - 1)(2c2 13c + 11)=0

(viii) f(x)=je-lxl - ½I in [-2, 2]
2(c - 1) (2c - 11)=0
2
-

Clearly, f(x) is not differentiable at x=0

,
c=l.!!
So Rolle's theorem is not applicable. 2
C =1 E (0, 4)
(ix) f(x)= I½- ii in [-1, l] Hence, Lagranges Mean Value Theorem is verified.
Clearly, f(x) is not continuous at x=0
26. Given curve is y=2x2 5x + 3
So Rolle's theorem is not applicable.
-
The arc AB is continuous in [l, 2] and differentiable
(x) f(x)=sinx + lsin xl in [-n, n] in (1, 2)
Clearly, f(x) is not differentiable at x=0 So, by L.M.V. Theorem,
So Rolle's theorem is not applicable. f(2)f(l )
f'(x) =
.• =f(2) - f(l )
Lagranges Mean Value Theorem 2-1
24. Given f(x) =x - x - x + l
3 2
4x - 5 =1 - 0
As we know that, every polynomial function is con­ 4x=6
tinuous and differentiable everywhere.
So, it is continuous in [O, 2] and differentiable in (0, 2) x=-3
2
Thus, all the conditions of L.M.V. theorem are 3
satisfied when x= , then y=0
2
Now, we have to show that, there exists a point c in
f(
(0, 2) such that f'(c)= �� t�
O)
Thus, the point is ( ½, 0)

27. Since the tangent is parallel to the chord joining

' f(2) - f( O) 3 - l (4, 0) and (5, 1), so we get,
� f (c)= = =l
2 -0 2 · 1 -O
2(x - 4)= =1
� 3c2 - 2c - 1 =1 5 -4

7
 Rolle's Theorem

(x - 4)= ½ Dividing (i) and (ii), we get,

cosb - cos a _sine
1 9 = cos c = - tan c
sinb - sina
2 2
x=4+-=-
32.
(i) f(x)= } on [-1, 1]
when X= �, then = � - 4 =
Y ( r ¼ Clearly, f(x) is not continuous at x = 0
. . (9 1)
Hence, the pomt 1s , · So, L.M.V. theo;ems is not applicable.
2 4
(ii) f(x)= sin lxl on [-2n, 2n]
28. Let g(x) =f(x) - x2
Clearly, f(x) is not differentiable at x= 0
==> g (x) has atleast 3 real roots which are
So, L.M.V theorems is not applicable.
x= I, 2 and 3
(iii) f(x)= lsin xl on [O, 2n]
==> g'(x) has at least 2 real roots in x E (1, 3)
Clearly, f(x) is not continuous at x= n
==> g"(x) has at least 1 real root in x E (1, 3)
So, L.M.V. theorems is not applicable.
==> f"(x)= 2 for at least one root in x E (1, 3) (iv) f(x)= log lxl on [0, 5]
Hence, the result.
Clearly, f(x) is not continuous at x= 0
29. Applying L.M.V. theorem, we have,
So, L.M.V. theorems is not applicable.
1

f(x) - f(O) f(x) (v) f(x)= llog l xll on [-1, 1]

f'(x)= =
2- 0 2
Clearly, f(x) is not continuous at x = -I, 0, 1
So, L.M.V. theorems is not applicable.
==> =f'(x) � .!.
f(x)
2 2 33. Let f(x)= log x, 0 < a < b
==> f(x) � 1 Clearly,f(x) is continuous and differentiable in (a, b),
where O<a< b
Hence, the result.
30. For the function f(x), applying L.M.V. Theorem, f'(x) =}
1
f( l ) - f(O) f'(c) = c' a < c < b
we get, f '(c)= =f( l ) - f(O) ... (i)
1_0
By L.M.V, theorem,
Also, for the function g (x), we have,
. f(b) - f(a)
g (l) - g(O) f'(c) =
g'(c)= = g(l ) - g (0) ... (ii) b- a
1- 0
Dividing (i) and (ii), we get, log(�)
f '(c) f( l ) � f(O)
- - -
b-a
g'(c) g(l ) - g(O) Now, a<c<b
6- 2 4 1 1 1
==> 2= = ==>
g(l ) - 0 g(l )
-<-<­a
b C
"
==> 1 log (
g(l)= 2 b
I a)
31. For the function f(x)= cos x, -<-- <­
b b- a a
f(b) - f(a)
f'(c)= ==>
b- a !?_ b- a
< log ( a ) < a
b- a
cosb - cosa
b
==> -sin c= ----­ ,... (i)
b- a Hence, the result.
For the function f(x)= sin x, r,;
34. Let f(x)= tanx in (a, b), where O < a < b < -=:-
f(b) - f(a)
f'(c) = Clearly, f(x) is continuous in ra. bl and
b- a in (a, b)
sinb - sina Now, f'(x)= sec2 x
==> f'(c) = b-a ... (ii)

8
 Rolle's Theorem

f'(c) = sec2c f' (c) = cosc

By L.M.V Theorem, f(y) -f(x)
= cosc
f(b) -f(a) y-x
f'(c) =
b-a
f(x) - f(y)
f'(c) =
tanb - tana x-y = cosc
b-a

I-I
l f(x) -f(y)
Here, C E (a, b) X - COSC I
_ y
� a <c <b
I sinx - sin y I � 1
sec2a<sec2c<sec2b x-y
f(b) -f(a) � lsinx - sinyl � Ix-yl
sec2a<----<sec2b
b-a Hence, the result.
tanb - tana 2 37. Let f(x) = tan-1x -x in [0, x]
sec2a< - - --<sec b
b-a
Clearly, f (x) is continuous and differentiable. So
(b -a) sec a<(tan b-tana)<(b -a)sec b
2 2 L.M.V. theorem is applicable.
Hence, the result.
f'x
( ) = -1-2 -1 = _ _£_2
35. Let 1
f(x) = tan- x in (a, b), 0< a< f3 1+x 1+x
Clearly f(x) is continuous and differentiable in (a, /3)
= --·-2
c2
,
f(c)
l 1+c
f'(x) = _ _2
1+ X x) - f(0)
f(---- c2
=---2
� l x-0 1+ c
f'(c) = _ _2
1+ C x)
f( c2
-=---
Now, a< c<f3 x
1+ c2
a?<c2</32 f(x)
- =-- c2 - <0
X
1+a2< 1+c2< 1+ /f l + C2
tan-I x - x<
-1-<-1-<-- 1
X - 0
2 2
1+ {3 1+c 1 +a2
tan-1x-x�O
_1_ <f'(c)<_1_
1+/32 l+a2

f(/3) -f(a)
-1-<----<-- 1
Hence, the result.
1 + (32 /3 - a I + a2
38. Let f(x) = tanx
{3-a {3-a Clearly, f(x) is continuous and differentiable for all
--< f(/3) -f(a<
) --
l +/32 l+a2 . (---
x, ym n n)
2' 2
/3 -a {3-a
--<tan-1 /J -tan-I a< -- So, L.M.V. theorems is applicable.
2
1+ {3 l+a2
� f'(x) = sec2x
Hence, the result.
f'(c) = sec2c
36. Let f(x) = sinx
Clearly, f(x) is continuous and differentiable So f(x) - f(y)
x_y = sec2 c
L.M.V. theorem is applicable.
tanx -tany
f'(x) = cosx x_y = sec2c

9
 Rolle's Theorem

tanx-tany
l x-y l = 1sec cl
2

tanx-tany
=> l x-y I>_l

=> ltanx-tanyl 2 x
I - yl
Hence, the result.
39. Given that f is differentiable in (1, 6) So by L.M.V
Theorems
f(6)-f(l)
=J'(x)
6- 1

f(6)-f (l)
=> 22
5
=> f(6) -f(l) 2 10
=> f(6) 2 f(l) + 10
=> f(6) 2 -2 + 10 = 8
Thus, m=8
Now, the value of 2 (m + 2)3 + 12

=2 (8 + 2)3 + 17

=2017.
40. When f is continuous in [0, 1] and differentiable in
( 0, 1)
So by L.M.V theorem, we get,
f(l 0)
f'(x) = � ��

=> f(l) - f(O) =f'(x)

=> f(l) - 2 :S:: 3
f(l) :S:: 5 ... (i)
Wh.en f is continuous in [1, 2) and differentiable in
(1, 2).
So, by L.M.V. theorem , we get,
f(2)-f(l)
f'(x) =
2- 1
=> f(2)-f(l) =f'(x)

=> f(2)-f(l) :S:: 3

=> 8 - f(l) :S:: 3

=> f(l) 2 5 ... (ii)

From (i) and (ii), we get,
f(l) =5

10