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Link Ers

This document discusses various linking words and phrases used to connect ideas between sentences and paragraphs. It provides examples of linkers for contrast, reason and cause, purpose, consequence, addition, exemplification, and sequencing. Some common linkers mentioned are because, although, however, moreover, for example, first, next, finally.

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Augustė Urbanavičiūtė
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53 views

Link Ers

This document discusses various linking words and phrases used to connect ideas between sentences and paragraphs. It provides examples of linkers for contrast, reason and cause, purpose, consequence, addition, exemplification, and sequencing. Some common linkers mentioned are because, although, however, moreover, for example, first, next, finally.

Uploaded by

Augustė Urbanavičiūtė
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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LINKERS

Contrast

. In spite of / Despite Link two contrasting ideas. Followed by a noun phrase.

. Although / (Even) though Link two contrasting ideas. Followed by a sentence.

. However / Nevertheless / Still / Yet / Even so / On the contrary / In contrast.


Introduce a new idea which marks a contrast with previously stated ideas. Introduced by a
comma.

. On the one hand ... On the other hand. Links two contrasting ideas / paragraphs.

. In contrast to / Contrary to. Link two contrasting ideas. Followed by a noun phrase.

. Whereas Link two contrasting ideas. Not separated by commas.

Reason and cause

. Because / As / Since / Seeing that Introduce a sentence. Subordinate sentences


introduced by because always appear in final position.

. Because of / On account of / Owing to / Due to. Introduce a noun phrase.

Purpose

. In order to / So as to Introduce an infinitive of purpose.

. In order that / So that Introduce a sentence.

Consequence

. Consequently / As a consequence / As a result / Therefore

. As a consequence of / As a result of Followed by a noun phrase.

. So Introduces a sentence. No commas.

Addition

. Moreover / Furthermore / In addition / Besides / What's more Used after a strong


pause and separated from the sentences. They are introduced by a comma.
. As well as / In addition to / Besides Used to add one more piece of information.
Followed by a noun phrase.

. Exemplification

For example / For instance Introduces an example referring to previously stated ideas.

. Such as Introduces an example referring to the last idea.

CONNECTORS

Contrast

. but / yet: followed by a noun phrase or a sentence.

‘The book is short but / yet interesting’

. in spite of / despite: It is placed at the beginning or in the middle of the sentence.

‘He arrived on time despite / in spite of getting up late’

although / though/ even though / in spite of the fact that: followed by a complete sentence.
They can be placed at the beginning or in the middle of the sentence. If it is placed at the
beginning we need to use a comma after the clause.

‘Although / though / even though / in spite of the fact that the pupils had not studied, they all
passed their exams’.

. however, nevertheless, even so, on the one hand, on the other hand, on the contrary:

‘He was quite ill however/ nevertheless/ even so, he went to school’

. while, whereas

‘This film is very interesting, while/whereas that one is quite boring’

Reason and cause

. because, as since, seeing that:

‘Because / as / since / seeing that it’s late, we should go home’

. because of, on account of, owing to, due to:


‘Because of / on account of / owing to / due to the weather, we stayed at home’

. in order to, so as to, to:

‘She uses her video in order to / so as to / to record TV programmes’

Add information

. for example, for instante, such as:

‘Vegetables are a good source of vitamins: for example / for instance, oranges have vitamin C’

. more over, furthermore, besides, in addition to:

‘In addition to soul music, she likes rap’

. apart from, except for:

‘Apart from English, she speaks French’.

Succession

. - First of all / Firstly / To begin with / First ….

- Second / Secondly / Then …

- Third / Thirdly / After that...

- The next stage …

- Finally / in short / to sum up / in conclusion / lastly / last but not least…

Result

. As a result of:

‘As a result of his brave action, he was awarded a military medal.

Therefore, as a result, consequently, for this reason:

‘Consequently / for this reason, it always passes its annual road test’.
Order

First parragraph Second parragraph Conclusion

At first sight: A primera vista In the second place: En Finally: Por último
First: En primer lugar segundo lugar In conclusion: Para concluir
First of all: Antes que nada Second: Segundo Lastly: Por último
In the first place: En primer Secondly: En segundo lugar And eventually: Y finalmente
lugar Third: Tercero
To start with: Para empezar Thirdly: En tercer lugar

Adding information Contrast Reason


apart from: Aparte de all the same: a pesar de todo because of + noun: a causa
in addition: Además however: sin embargo de
in addition to: Además de instead of: en vez de due to + noun: debido a
What’s more: Además; lo que in spite of / despite: a pesar due to the fact that +
es más de sentence: debido a que
moreover: Además nevertheless: no obstante for this / that reason: por
on top of that: Además on the contrary: por el esta / esa razón
besides: Además contrario owing to + noun: debido a
On the one hand: Por una whereas / while: mientras owing to the fact that +
parte though / although: aunque sentence: debido a que
On the other hand: Por otra
parte
and eventually: Y finalmente
Result Expressing facts Expressing a personal
opinion
as a result: como resultado
because of: a causa de actually: en realidad
consequently: en as a matter of fact: de hecho as far as I am concerned por
consecuencia in fact: de hecho lo que a mí respecta
so: por lo tanto really: en realidad from my point of view desde
that's why: por eso, por esa mi punto de vista
razón... I agree estoy de acuerdo
therefore: por lo tanto I disagree no estoy de
acuerdo
in my opinion en mi opinión
in my view según lo veo
I think that creo que
it is true that es verdad que
personally personalmente
to be honest, para ser
honesto
to tell the truth, a decir verdad

Explain Exemplifying Sequencing

and so on: etcétera after that: después de eso


that is (to say): es decir
in other words: en otras for example: por ejemplo all of a sudden: de repente
palabras
in short: en resumen for instance: por ejemplo Finally: Finalmente
above all: sobre todo such: as tal(es)como First of all: En primer lugar
all in all: en general in the end: al final
at least: al menos Summarizing in the meantime: mientras
basically: básicamente, tanto
fundamentalmente meanwhile: mientras tanto
all in all: en suma
especially: especialmente, next: luego
in brief: en resumen
sobre todo
in conclusion: Para concluir suddenly: de repente
essentially: esencialmente
in short: en resumen then: entonces, después
in general: en general
on the whole: en general while: mientras
in particular: en particular
to sum up: Para resumir
more or less: más o menos

on the whole: en general

to a certain extent: hasta


cierto punto

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