Catalogue

SEISMIC
ISOLATOR

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SEISMIC
ISOLATOR
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CONTENTS
About Us

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Seismic Protection of Structures
General Features
Materials
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Mathematical Modeling of HDRB Isolators
Mathematical Modeling of LRB Isolators
Performance Tables of HDRB
Performance Tables of LRB
Laboratory Tests
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Fire Resistance
Maintenance
Referans Norms
Installation
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 ABOUT US
OZDEKAN RUBBER is one of the leading manufactures in the rubber
industries since 1982. Established in Ostim Organized Industrial Zone,
Ankara, and continuing engineering and manufacturing activities within
the years, it has become a well-known trade mark in the Turkey and

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worldwide. Our company manufactures more than 2000 tons of rubber
products per year and our engineers and design teams support our
customers in selection of bridge bearing, providing a service beyond
that of manufacturing of elastomeric bearings. Our company is
capable of manufacturing different sizes of elastomeric bearings

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varying from 150 mm to 1500 mm in diameter with different
geometrical properties. Ozdekan applies quality control tests at all
phases of production process and performs required tests in
conjunction with university laboratory according to different
international standards. Ozdekan holds ISO 9001, ISO 14001, ISO 18001, BS
OHSAS 18001 and manufacturing capacity certificate from Turkish
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government and trade mark. On the following pages, we provide
information about seismic isolation devices. Please contact us for
further information, as we are always pleased to assist our customers
and consulting engineers.

Ozdekan Rubber Co.

- Elastomeric Plain Pads

- Elastomeric Bridge Bearings
- Multiflex Expansion Joint
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- Lead Rubber Bearing (LRB)

- Ball Rubber Bearings (BRB)
- High Damping Rubber Bearing (HDRB)
- Vibration Lastics
- Neoprene Bands
- Earth Moving Machine Rubber Parts

Ozdekan’s products are designed and tested according to the following

standards;
- BS 5400
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- TS-ISO-6446
- AASHTO-M251-74
- AS 5100-4
- EN 1337-3
- EN 1337-5
- DIN 4141
- EN 15129
 Seismic Protection of Structures

Seismic protection of structures is one of the most interesting targets for structural engineers in order to minimize
property damage and save lives in case of earthquakes of high intensity.
The main function of the seismic isolators is to reduce the seismic action by reducing the horizontal forces in case
of earthquakes. This is possible thanks to two combined effects.
- Increasing the lateral flexibility by the use of seismic isolators between the foundation and the superstructure,
the natural period is greatly increased, reducing the spectral acceleration and hence the seismic forces.
- Dissipating energy (in the form of heat) the isolator allows a reduction of the response spectrum that result in
a further reduction of seismic forces.

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2%

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5%
1g

10%

15%
20%

0,5 g 30%
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0
0 1 sec 2 sec 3 sec

Figure 1 - Seismic Isolation Effects

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1) The reduction of seismic actions in the structure has the immediate advantage of reducing the cost of the
structure. The greater is the seismicity of the area, the greater is the saving. Therefore the seismic isolation is also
advantageous from an economic point of view.

2) According to the European standards, if the equivalent viscous damping of an isolated structure is less than 30%
it may be calculated as linear equivalent, greatly simplifying the modeling and design of the entire structure. The
choice of the device is to be made accurately in relation to the specific problem in order to optimize the described
features and benefits.

The main advantages of the three types of seismic isolators described in this catalogue are:
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 HDRB

- More recentring capacity after an earthquake

- Lower stiffness to get a higher natural period

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Figure 2 - Schematic View of HDRB
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LRB

- Higher initial stiffness. Thanks to the lead core these devices have a rigid-plastic behavior. They therefore allow
very small movement due to loads such as wind or
braking.
- Higher values of damping (even greater than 30%).
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Figure 3 - Schematic View of LRB

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BRB

- Provide damping up to 30% similar to lead rubber bearings

- Balls inside the core provide vertical stiffness and stability
- Balls inside the core also provide some lateral stiffness
- Seismic performance of BRB do not degrade during repetitive cyclic loads
- Ball rubber bearings (BRB) are patented by METU researchers.

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Figure 4 - Schematic View of BRB

General Features

High damping rubber bearing (HDRB) were developed in 1985 by Professor James Kelly at the University of California
at Berkeley. Ozdekan was the first company which applied this technology in Turkey, using it in 2014 for the AFAD
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building in Ankara, Turkey. The isolating system was designed with consultation by SismoLab engineers. Ozdekan was
the first company in Turkey which developed the lead rubber bearings with consultation of METU researchers.

High Damping Rubber Bearing (HDRB)

The HDRB isolators are composed of a series of vulcanized rubber layers separated by reinforcing steel plates, thus
providing a device capable of supporting high vertical loads with minimal compression (elevated vertical stiffness)
and allowing high horizontal displacements with relatively small reactions (low horizontal stiffness). The main
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property of the rubber is its ability to dissipate energy (damping capacity). When positioned underneath a building
or bridge beams, they have the effect of increasing the structure’s fundamental vibration period, thus greatly
reducing any effects of seismic activity. The HDRB isolators are bolted to external metal plates allowing them to be
fixed to the adjacent structures using anchor brackets or bolts.

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 Lead Rubber Bearing (LRB)

These isolators are similar to the previous but with the exception that the dissipation of energy is obtained also
through the use of one or more lead cores. Lead (used here at a level of 99.9% purity) has the property of undergoing
plastic deformation as it dissipate energy and then re-crystallizing after a cycle of plastic deformation. Because of
this, it is able to sustain an unlimited number of hysteresis loops.

Materials

Ozdekan developed two types of rubber compounds in order to match different design needs. For HDRB 2 high
dissipating compounds are available:

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- Normal compound, with modulus of elasticity G=0.7 N/mm² and 8% equivalent viscous damping (HDN isolators)
- Hard compound, with modulus of elasticity G=1.1 N/mm² and 6% equivalent viscous damping (HDH isolators)

For the LRB isolators 2 type of compound are available:

- Normal compound, with modulus of elasticity G=0.7 N/mm² and 8% equivalent viscous damping (LRN isolators)

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- Hard compound, with modulus of elasticity G=1.1 N/mm² and 6% equivalent viscous damping (LRH isolators)

Table 1 - Rubber Compund Physical-Mechanical Characteristic

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Physical-Mechanical Characteristic Normal
Compound
Hard
Hardness Shore A3 60±3 70±3
Tensile Strength N/mm² 20 18
Tensile Strain % 600 500
Shear Modulus N/mm² 0.7 1.1
Viscous Damping of the Rubber % 8 6
Corresponding Isolator HDN HDH

In this page typical hysteresis diagrams for an HDRB and an LRB are presented. The technical parameters are
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indicated in the dimensional tables in the following pages. In the LRB diagram you may notice the lead core and the
rubber’s contribution.
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 Kr : Horizontal stiffness

Kr

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Force

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Displacement
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Figure 5 - Force-Displacement Diagram for HDRB

Kr : Horizontal stiffness
KLead : Initial stiffness, lead contribution
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K eff : Efective horizontal stiffness Kr

KLead
Force

Keff
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Displacement

Figure 6 - Force-Displacement Diagram for LRB

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 Mathematical Modeling of HDRB Isolators

HDRB isolators can always be modeled as linear equivalent by expressing their characteristics in terms of two
synthetic parameters:
Kr Horizontal stiffness,
ξ equivalent viscous damping

Values for these parameters are given in the tables on the following pages r in correspondence with various
geometries and compositions. Note that the values given in the tables are referenced to a temperature of +20˚C and
a shear deformation of 100%. The value for Kr may need to be modified to fit to different conditions; in such case the
value can be taken from the below reported plots.

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1. 8
1. 6
1. 4
Shear Modulus (MPa)

1. 2
1
0.8

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0.6
0.4
0.2
0
-30- 20 -100 10 20 30 40 50
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Figure 7 - Relative Variation of Stiffness as a Function of Temperature

1. 2
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Shear Modulus (MPa)

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0.6
0.4
0.2
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05 0 100 150 200 250 300
Shear Strain (%)

Figure 8 - Relative Variation of Stiffness as a Function of Shear Deformation

Mathematical Modeling of LRB Isolators

Their behaviour can be defined throughout the following parameters.

Kr Horizontal stiffness (elastomer contribution)
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Q Characteristic strength of isolator

The values for these parameters are given in the dimensional tables in the following pages. The linear equivalent
calculation, under the same hypothesis, can be made with the same procedure given in the previous paragraph for
the HDRB isolators but with these differences:
- Instead of Kr consider the effective horizontal stiffness K eff
- Instead of ξ consider the effective damping β

Keep in mind that LRB isolators are strongly non-linear. This means that parameters Keff and β values as indicated
in the dimension tables are valid only for the design displacement Smax . Therefore you have to perform again the
modal analysis even if your calculated displacement is lower than the hypothesized.

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Performance Tables

The following tables report the typical characteristics for the most commonly used isolators, those of circular shape.
Isolators with different characteristics rather of square or rectangular shape or to resolve specific structural
problems as for instance uplift loads can be produced on request.

The HDRB code is composed as follows:

HD”X” D*Tr , where:
“X” is the rubber compound used, “N” for normal and “H” for hard.
D is the isolator diameter (mm)
Tr is the total thickness of elastomer layers (mm)
For example HDH 1200*120 stands for an isolator type HDRB with a hard compound with modulus of elasticity G=1.1

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N/mm², diameter 1200 mm and total elastomer thickness of 120 mm.

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HDN (High Damping Normal) Geometrical Data
G: 0.7N/mm² - ξ=8% D: Diameter of the isolator
HDH (High Damping Hard) H: Overall height of the isolator
G: 1.1N/mm² - ξ=6% Tr : Thickness of the elastomer
B: Overall dimention of the isolator in two directions
Technical Data
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Vsis : Vertical load under seismic conditions
Z: Distance between centers of anchorages in two directions
B: D+50
K r : Horizontal stiffness Z: 0.75*B
Smax : Design Displacement
ξ: viscious damping of the rubber
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 Table 2 - HDRB Performance Table
HDN (G:0.7) Vsis Kr Smax H Tr HDN (G:0.7) Vsis Kr Smax H Tr HDN (G:0.7) Vsis Kr Smax H Tr
D:300 D:600 D:1000
300*48 1200 1.03 100 132 48 600*120 3900 1.74 240 265 120 1000*120 15300 4.75 240 295 120
300*54 1050 0.96 110 140 54 600*132 3200 2.8 260 282 132 1000*140 14300 4.44 280 324 140
300*60 900 0.9 120 148 60 600*144 2900 1.49 280 300 144 1000*160 12000 3.73 320 360 160
300*66 750 0.75 130 156 66 600*156 2500 1.28 300 306 156 1000*180 11000 3.41 360 398 180
300*72 650 0.69 140 164 72 600*168 2200 1.21 320 323 168 1000*200 9800 3.04 400 429 200
300*78 590 0.65 150 172 78 600*180 1950 1.16 340 340 180 1000*220 8800 2.73 440 450 220

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D:350 D:650 D:1100
350*49 1700 1.55 100 143 49 650*143 3900 1.74 280 303 143 1100*110 18200 6.72 220 272 110
350*56 1550 1.41 120 154 56 650*156 3600 1.61 300 312 156 1100*132 17300 6.02 270 307 132
350*63 1400 1.16 140 165 63 650*169 3100 1.39 320 331 169 1100*154 16000 4.92 310 344 154
350*70 1300 1.19 150 176 70 650*182 2700 1.29 340 337 182 1100*176 15000 4.18 360 383 176
350*77 1150 1.05 160 187 77 650*195 2300 1.22 360 355 195 1100*198 14000 3.7 400 416 198

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350*84 900 0.82 170 198 84 650*208 2100 1.12 380 373 208 1100*220 13000 3.27 440 458 220
D:400 D:700 D:1200
400*48 2300 2.1 100 138 48 700*140 4600 2.06 280 302 140 1200*120 21800 7.16 240 286 120
400*56 2000 1.82 120 150 56 700*154 4200 1.88 310 314 154 1200*144 20000 6.57 290 324 144
400*64 1900 1.44 140 162 64 700*168 3900 1.74 340 335 168 1200*168 19200 5.35 340 364 168
400*72 1800 1.37 150 174 72 700*182 3550 1.59 370 344 182 1200*192 18500 4.65 390 406 192
400*80 1650 1.15 160 195
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80 700*196 3000 1.43 400 364 196 1200*216 17400 3.97 440 442 216
400*88 1400 1.06 170 198 88 700*210 2650 1.36 420 370 210
D:450 D:750 D:1400
450*48 3000 2.49 100 133 48 750*120 8000 2.63 240 266 120 1400*140 29600 8.25 280 310 140
450*56 2700 2.24 120 150 56 750*135 7350 2.41 270 289 135 1400*168 27000 7.52 340 358 168
450*64 2500 1.9 140 162 64 750*150 6350 2.09 290 312 150 1400*196 25000 6.29 400 404 196
450*72 2400 1.68 160 182 72 750*165 5500 2.03 310 335 165 1400*224 24000 5.22 450 352 224
450*80 2200 1.54 180 195 80 750*180 4700 1.74 350 347 180 1400*252 23000 4.57 510 502 252
450*88 2100 1.35 200 208 88 750*195 4100 1.72 380 369 195
D:500 D:800
500*80 3900 2 160 205 80 800*112 9600 3.15 230 270 112
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500*90 3550 1.82 180 220 90 800*128 9100 3.09 260 294 128
500*100 2950 1.63 200 244 100 800*144 8300 2.72 290 326 144
500*110 2550 1.43 220 250 110 800*160 7100 2.33 320 351 160
500*120 2550 1.34 240 265 120 800*176 5800 2.16 360 366 176
500*130 1950 1.22 260 280 130 800*192 5000 1.84 400 384 192
D:550 D:900
550*99 4200 2.15 200 237 99 900*108 12200 4.24 220 258 108
550*110 3500 1.8 220 254 110 900*126 12000 3.94 360 284 126
550*121 3050 1.62 240 271 121 900*144 11000 3.23 290 317 144
550*132 2350 1.35 260 277 132 900*162 10000 2.94 330 352 162
550*143 2100 1.25 280 293 143 900*180 9100 2.67 360 380 180
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550*154 1800 1.1 300 309 154 900*198 7500 2.46 400 398 198

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Performance Tables

The following tables report the typical characteristics for the most commonly used isolators, those of circular shape.
Isolators with different characteristics rather of square or rectangular shape or to resolve specific structural
problems as for instance uplift loads can be produced on request.

The LRB code is composed as follows:

LR”X” D*Tr , where:
“X” is the rubber compound used, “N” for normal
D is the rubber diameter (mm)
Tr is the total thickness of elastomer layers (mm)
For example LRN 1200*120 stands for an isolator type LRB with a Normal compound with modulus of elasticity

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G=0.7N/mm², diameter D 1200 mm and total elastomer thickness of 120 mm.

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LRN (High Damping Normal) Geometrical Data
G: 0.7N/mm² - ξ=7% D: Diameter of the isolator
H: Overall height of the isolator
Technical Data Tr : Thickness of the elastomer
Vsis : Vertical load under seismic conditions B: Overall dimention of the isolator in two directions
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K r : Horizontal stiffness (elastomer contribution)
K eff : Effective horizontal stiffness
Z: Distance between centers of anchorages in two directions
B: D+50
Smax : Design Displacement Z: 0.75*B
Q: Characteristic strength of lead core
ξ: Viscious damping of the rubber
β eff : Effective damping
β eff : 25%
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 Table 3 - LRBs Performance Table
LRN (G:0.7) Vsis Kr Q Keff Smax H Tr LRN (G:0.7) Vsis Kr Q Keff Smax H Tr
D:300 D:700
300*48 1000 1.07 60 1.67 100 146 48 700*140 5000 1.96 290 2.97 280 311 140
300*54 900 1.02 54 1.51 110 156 54 700*154 4500 1.76 281 2.68 310 324 154
300*60 800 0.89 54 1.34 120 166 60 700*168 4100 1.61 289 2.46 340 346 168
300*66 740 0.82 59 1.24 140 176 66 700*182 3800 1.49 278 2.24 370 356 182
300*72 660 0.75 53 1.1 150 176 72 700*196 3500 1.38 274 2.07 400 377 196
300*78 600 0.67 54 1 160 184 78 700*210 3100 1.29 275 1.94 420 384 210
D:350 D:750
350*49 1400 1.53 73 2.26 100 146 49 750*120 6300 2.6 324 3.95 240 273 120
350*56 1300 1.29 76 1.92 120 154 56 750*135 5900 2.31 314 3.47 270 297 135

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350*63 1200 1.12 77 1.67 140 165 63 750*150 5600 2.07 298 3.1 290 321 150
350*70 1100 1.02 76 1.53 150 176 70 750*165 5300 1.88 294 2.83 310 345 165
350*77 1000 0.88 74 1.34 160 187 77 750*180 5000 1.73 299 2.58 350 358 180
350*84 900 0.82 69 1.22 170 198 84 750*195 4700 1.59 301 2.39 380 381 195
D:400 D:800
400*48 2000 1.89 90 2.78 100 165 48 800*112 7000 3.17 399 4.91 230 276 112

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400*56 1900 1.67 99 2.49 120 181 56 800*128 6600 2.77 377 4.22 260 301 128
400*64 1800 1.5 103 2.23 140 203 64 800*144 6300 2.46 360 3.7 290 334 144
400*72 1700 1.24 98 1.89 150 220 72 800*160 6000 2.21 356 3.32 320 360 160
400*80 1600 1.1 94 1.69 160 245 80 800*176 5700 2.01 360 3.01 360 376 176
400*88 1500 1.01 90 1.51 180 263 88 800*192 5400 1.84 367 2.76 400 396 192
D:450 D:900
450*48
450*56
2500
2400
2.63
2.08
130
125
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3.93
3.12
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120
138
150
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900*108
900*126
10000 4.16
9500 3.56
494
469
6.41
5.37
220
260
263
296
108
126
450*64 2300 1.78 119 2.7 130 169 64 900*144 9000 3.1 468 4.72 290 324 144
450*72 2200 1.55 115 2.33 150 182 72 900*162 8500 2.76 472 4.2 330 360 162
450*80 2100 1.44 114 2.16 160 195 80 900*180 8000 2.49 444 3.72 360 389 180
450*88 2000 1.27 113 1.9 180 218 88 900*198 7500 2.26 448 3.38 400 418 198
D:500 D:1000
500*80 3100 1.74 150 2.68 160 212 80 1000*120 12000 4.62 619 7.2 240 300 120
500*90 3000 1.54 145 2.35 180 228 90 1000*140 11000 3.95 568 5.98 280 336 140
500*100 2900 1.39 156 2.17 200 244 100 1000*160 10000 3.46 550 5.18 320 367 160
500*110 2800 1.25 136 1.87 220 260 110 1000*180 9000 3.06 569 4.64 360 406 180
500*120 2700 1.15 138 1.73 240 276 120 1000*200 8000 2.76 560 4.16 400 438 200
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500*130 2600 1.06 135 1.58 260 280 130 1000*220 7000 2.51 544 3.75 440 470 220
D:550 D:1100
550*99 3400 1.68 175 2.55 200 245 99 1100*110 14000 6.1 735 9.45 220 276 110
550*110 3300 1.52 169 2.3 220 263 110 1100*132 13000 5.08 804 8.06 270 317 132
550*121 3200 1.38 164 2.07 240 281 121 1100*154 12500 4.35 837 7.05 310 356 154
550*132 3100 1.26 162 1.88 260 288 132 1100*176 12000 3.72 803 5.95 360 390 176
550*143 3000 1.17 156 1.77 280 305 143 1100*198 11500 3.38 770 5.3 100 432 198
550*154 2900 1.09 155 1.6 300 309 154 1100*220 11000 3.04 736 4.71 440 476 220
D:600 D:1200
600*120 3900 1.66 203 2.51 240 282 120 1200*120 16000 6.65 868 10.3 240 290 120
600*132 3600 1.51 193 2.25 260 292 132 1200*144 15500 5.54 1005 9 290 334 144
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600*144 3400 1.38 188 2.06 280 311 144 1200*168 15000 4.74 921 7.45 340 376 168
600*156 3200 1.28 185 1.89 300 318 156 1200*192 14500 4.14 890 6.43 390 420 192
600*168 3000 1.18 182 1.76 320 336 168 1200*216 14000 3.68 860 5.64 440 458 216
600*180 2800 1.11 195 1.68 340 340 180
D:650 D:1400
650*143 4200 1.62 248 2.51 280 313 143 1400*140 23000 7.75 1071 11.58 280 318 140
650*156 3900 1.5 233 2.27 300 300 156 1400*168 22500 6.45 1130 9.77 340 363 168
650*169 3600 1.38 223 2.08 320 320 169 1400*196 22000 5.25 1132 8.86 400 416 196
650*182 3300 1.28 214 1.91 340 340 182 1400*224 21500 4.83 1302 7.73 450 466 224
650*195 3000 1.2 218 1.8 360 360 195 1400*252 21000 4.29 1272 6.79 510 518 252
650*208 2700 1.12 214 1.69 380 380 208

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Laboratory Tests

Ozdekan‘s HDRB and LRB isolators are subjected to rigorous quality controls, as listed in the following table.

The tests are divided into:

- Prototype tests performed by Ozdekan for the definition of the technical characteristics;
- Production tests, which are performed on 20% of the produced isolators in order to verify their correspondence
to project characteristics (some norms require different test frequencies: for example, AASHTO requires 100%)

Table 4 - Laboratory Tests

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Test Prototype Test Production Control
Compression at zero displacement *
Stiffness Kr * 20%
Kr and ξr for cyclic deformation * 20%
K for incremental load * 20%
Variation of Kr and ξr with frequency *

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Variation of Kr and ξr with temperature *
Variation of Kr and ξr with cyclic loads *
Horizontal deformation with Vmin and Vmax *
Variation of Kr and ξr over time *
Viscious deformation with vertical load *

Fire Resistance
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If necessary the Ozdekan HDRB and LRB can be protected from the fire by application of special fire resistant panels.

Maintenance

Ozdekan HDRB and LRB isolators do not require any special maintenance. An inspection is needed however at least
once every 5 years or after an exceptional event such as earthquake, flood or fire. A lateral deformation of an
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isolator that shows the internal stratification is perfectly normal. If there are irregular deformations, these must be
brought to the attention of an expert. If necessary, the anti-corrosion protection for the external metallic plates
shall be restored.

Reference Norms

Ozdekan’s HDRB and LRB isolators respond principally to EN15129. The HDRB and LRB isolators produced by Ozdekan
can also be made according to other norms, such as AASHTO or ISO 22762.
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 Installation

The principal steps for the most frequent cases:

1. Casting of the infrastructure up to a level a few centimeters lower than the final level of the isolators. Tubes
for example corrugated steel sheets of double diameter than the anchors shall be left in the concrete at the
positions of the anchor brackets;

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2. Positioning of the isolators at the proper level with the aid of wedges or regulating screws and placing of a
formwork surrounding the isolator;
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 3. Casting of the joint in the non-shrink mortar or epoxy mortar. The mortar joint shall not be reinforced if its
thickness is less or equal to the following values:

. 50 mm or
surface contact area
. 0.1 15 mm, in milimeters
perimeter of contact area

whichever is smaller

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 4. Placing of the formwork of the superstructure and sealing it around the isolator.

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5. Casting the superstructure.

For further details, please see EN 1337-11.

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Designed and Printed by:

www.ailurosadworks.com
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Phone:
+ 90 0312 354 06 44

Adres:
Ostim Organize Sanayi Bölgesi, 1202/2. Cadde No:30-32 Yenimahalle/Ankara Türkiye

www.ozdekan.com - www.orubber.com