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Step 4-Waveguides - Electric Parameters in Transmission Lines

This document discusses transmission lines and their electric parameters. It provides activities for students to research and answer questions about transmission lines, reflection coefficient, VSWR, and characteristics of well-coupled transmission lines. Students are asked to solve problems using the Smith chart to analyze input impedance, reflection coefficient, and VSWR for different transmission line configurations.

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operaciones NVI
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36 views

Step 4-Waveguides - Electric Parameters in Transmission Lines

This document discusses transmission lines and their electric parameters. It provides activities for students to research and answer questions about transmission lines, reflection coefficient, VSWR, and characteristics of well-coupled transmission lines. Students are asked to solve problems using the Smith chart to analyze input impedance, reflection coefficient, and VSWR for different transmission line configurations.

Uploaded by

operaciones NVI
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Universidad Nacional Abierta y a Distancia – UNAD

Escuela de Ciencias Básicas Tecnologías e Ingenierías-ECBTI


Curso: Teoria electromagnetica y Ondas
Unity III

Step 4- Waveguides - Electric parameters in transmission lines

Andres Felipe Noreña Riaño


Cod 1015423347

Group: 203057_9

Tutor: DORIA LIZETH QUINTERO

UNIVERSIDAD NAVIONAL ABIERTA Y ADISTANCIA – UNAD

CEAD-JAG

Bogotá

2019
Activities to develop

Each student in the group has to answer the following questions


using academic references to support the research:

1. In the propagation of electromagnetic waves, what are the


"transmission lines"?
Rta: A transmission line is distributed circuit element. Unlike a
conventional low-frequency circuit, the voltages and currents on a
transmissions line vary with longitudinal position because they
experience a phase (or time) delay as the wave propagates from one
end of the line to the other.

2. In a transmission system, what are the appropriate values for the


reflection coefficient and the VSWR?
Rta: The coefficient of reflection when passing from one medium to
another determines the relationship between the incident wave and
the reflected one, and in turn the reflection coefficient is closely
related to the transmission coefficient. the coefficient of reflection is
obtained based on the conservation of voltage and current and the
ohm law in a phasor

VSWR is a bidirectional ordinary transmission line which can


propagate in two directions. This relationship between the maximum
voltage and the minimum voltage of a standing wave in a
transmission line, therefore, has no units. It depends a lot on the
variation of the existing waves is a transmission line, but mainly, of
the reflected wave. the limit values of vswr are from 1.1 to 1.6

3. What happens to the coefficient of transmission and reflection


when: the line ends in short circuit and when the line ends in open
circuit?
Rta: The magnitude portion of gamma is called rho (r). Reflection
coefficient is the ratio of the reflected signal voltage to the incident
signal voltage. The range of possible values for r is between zero and
one. A transmission line terminated in its characteristic impedance
will have all energy transferred to the load; zero energy will be
reflected and r = 0. When a transmission line terminated in a short or
open circuit, all energy is reflected and r = 1. The value of rho is
unitless.

4. What characteristics should be found in a transmission line system


to be considered well coupled?

Rta: Considered a well coupled transmission line:


 A finished finite length impedance with a load impedance equal to
the characteristic impedance must be used.
 The effect seen from the generator is that the incident wave
travels to the load where it is totally absorbed and does not
reflect.
 A well-coupled transmission line does not produce reflection.

5. In the Smith chart, identify a ZL =∞, a ZL = 0, two resistive loads


and two complex loads. assume the characteristic impedance.
Resistive loads and complex loads

Choose one of the following problems, solve it and share the


solution in the forum. Perform a critical analysis on the group
members’ contributions and reply this in the forum.
1. A 50Ω lossless transmission line has a 𝑍𝐿 = 45 − 𝑗75Ω. If it is 22𝑚 long
and the wavelength is 2𝑚. Find and probe with the smith chart:
a. Input impedance.
b. Reflection coefficient.
c. VSWR

Data;
𝑍0 = 50𝛺
𝑍𝐿 = 45 – 𝑗75𝛺
𝐿 = 22𝑚
𝜆 = 2𝑚

𝐿
ℓ=
𝜆
22
ℓ=
2
ℓ = 11

𝑍𝐿 − 𝑍0
𝛤=
𝑍𝐿 + 𝑍0
(45 − 𝑗75𝛺) − 50𝛺
𝛤=
(45 − 𝑗75𝛺) + 50𝛺
𝛤 = 0.621∡ − 55.52°

1 + |𝛤|
𝑉𝑆𝑊𝑅 =
1 − |𝛤|
1 + |0.621|
𝑉𝑆𝑊𝑅 =
1 − |0.621|
𝑉𝑆𝑊𝑅 = 4.27

𝑍𝐿 + 𝑗𝑍0 𝑇𝑎𝑛(2𝜋ℓ)
𝑍𝑖𝑛 = 𝑍0
𝑍0 + 𝑗𝑍𝐿 𝑇𝑎𝑛(2𝜋ℓ)
(45 − 𝑗75𝛺) + 𝑗45𝛺𝑇𝑎𝑛(2𝜋11𝜆)
𝑍𝑖𝑛 = 45𝛺
45𝛺 + (45 − 𝑗75𝛺)𝑇𝑎𝑛(2𝜋11𝜆)
𝑍𝑖𝑛 = 45 − 𝑗75𝛺

In group solve the following practical exercise

Using the software Smith V4.0, found in the practice learning


environment, solve the next exercises and explain each step of the
simulation.

1. For the following input impedance and load impedance, find the
wavelength necessary to get a real input impedance.
a. 𝑍𝐿 = 35 − 𝑗60Ω 𝑍0 = 75Ω.

b. 𝑍𝐿 = 15 − 𝑗50Ω 𝑍0 = 50Ω.
c. 𝑍𝐿 = 45 − 𝑗65Ω 𝑍0 = 30Ω.
d. 𝑍𝐿 = 50 − 𝑗30Ω 𝑍0 = 75Ω.
CONCLUSIONS

The smith chart allows the adaptation of the impedance in a very easy
way to have to resort to complex equations. In addition to containing
other functions such as finding the attenuation coefficient, reflection
angle between others.

Knowing and understanding the theoretical part of the problems is a key


part to obtain a faster solution
BIBLIOGRAPHY
 Electromagnetic theory and waves. (April 2018). webconference
unit 3 part 2. Retrieved: https://goo.gl/t1SQBD

 Electromagnetic Wave Propagation. (2003). Fixed Broadband


Wireless. 25-70. Retrieved
from http://bibliotecavirtual.unad.edu.co:2048/login?url=http://se
arch.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aci&AN=1450542
2&lang=es&site=ehost-live
 Chen, W. (2005). The Electrical Engineering Handbook. Boston:
Academic Press, 525-551. Retrieved from
http://bibliotecavirtual.unad.edu.co:2048/login?url=http://search.
ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=nlebk&AN=117152&la
ng=es&site=ehost-live&ebv=EB&ppid=pp_525

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